Genus Nysius Research Articles

Review on the chinch bugs (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae: Nysius) from Korea

The genus Nysius Dallas is the largest group in the subfamily Orsillinae (Lygaeoidea: Lygaeidae), and is a well-known agricultural pest that mainly feeds on grains. In Korea, N. plebeius and N. hidakai are well known to be agricultural pests. In the present study, we recognized six species of the genus Nysius Dallas from the Korean Peninsula. Among these, N. thymi (Wolff, 1804) was reported for the first time in the fauna. We provided new host plants, a key to the species of the genus from Korea, descriptions and diagnoses of these species using photographs of adult specimens and genitalia. We also present discussion on wrong host plants records of agricultural crops caused from misidentifications between N. plebeius and N. hidakai in Korea. Additionally, we confirmed that N. eximius and N. expressus are not occurring from South Korea based on the South Korean materials.

Karyotype diversity in the genus Nysius Dallas, 1852 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Lygaeidae) is much greater than you might think.

We studied the karyotype and chromosomal distribution of 18S rDNA clustered in nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Nysiusgraminicola (Kolenati, 1845), belonging to the subfamily Orsillinae (Lygaeidae). It is shown that this species has a karyotype with 2n = 22(18+mm+XY), previously known in only one of 24 studied species of the genus Nysius Dallas, 1852, characterized by a similar karyotype, 2n = 14(12+mm+XY). In N.graminicola, 18S loci are located on sex chromosomes, which is a previously unknown trait for this genus. Our results in a compilation with previous data revealed dynamic evolution of rDNA distribution in Nysius. It is concluded that molecular chromosomal markers detected by FISH contribute to a better understanding of the structure and evolution of the taxonomically complex genus Nysius.

Artificial radiofrequency driven life-table parameters of perilla seed bugs (Nysius sp.) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)

Abstract The genus Nysius (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) are polyphagous pests of various plants that damage seeds, foliage, and flowers. Here, we studied the life-table parameters and adult performances of Nysius plebeius Distant and Nysius hidakai Nakatani after exposure to five radiofrequencies: 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, and 30 kHz in infested perilla seeds. In addition, we measured the follow on effects of treatment for four generations (Parent, F1-, F2-, and F3-generation), for both Nysius species. Radiofrequency application significantly affected the life-table parameters of both Nysius species. Radiofrequency exposures affected bug oviposition, developmental period, adult weight, and longevity. Exposure also negatively affected the fecundity of subsequent generations; total developmental period from egg to adult emergence was longer while adult longevity was shorter in the radiofrequency treatments than in the untreated control. Low radiofrequency levels had the greatest effect on the life-table parameters of Nysius species, with the lowest rate of adult emergence and the shortest adult longevity at 5 kHz. The potential of using Nysius bug susceptibilities to radiofrequency as an alternative to chemical treatment is discussed.

Review of the genus Nysius Dallas from Mongolian Plateau (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Orsillidae).

The genus Nysius Dallas (1852) from Mongolian Plateau is reviewed. Eight species are now recognized. Nysius ericae groenlandicus (Zetterstedt, 1838), known previously from Inner Mongolia, is referred to Nysius ericae ericae (Schilling, 1829). The paramere, pygophore, sperm reservoir and spermatheca of recorded species are illustrated. The distributional records of Nysius ericae ericae and Nysius thymi thymi (Wolff, 1840) are corrected. Photographs of adults, updated distribution maps and key for all species in Mongolian Plateau are provided.

False Chinch Bug Nysius raphanus Howard (Insecta: Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

The false chinch bug, Nysius raphanus Howard, is a small, greyish, native North American herbivorous seed bug. It is recognized as the most serious pest among members of the genus Nysius, but reports of heavy infestations and serious crop damage are uncommon. Includes: Introduction - Distribution - Description and Life Cycle - Host Plants - Damage - Management - Selected Referenceshttps://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1212
 Also published at http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/ORN/TURF/false_chinch_bug.html

First Record, Prevalent Hosts, Biological and Managing Attributes of False Chinch Bug (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) Injuring Helianthus annuus, Brassica and Chenopodium from Punjab, Pakistan

A survey of insect pests during years 2011 to 2017 in Punjab Pakistan districts of Faisalabad Sahiwal, Vehari, Lodhran and Multan has provided a new record of false chinch bug (Hemiptera- Lygaeidae, Subfamily: Orsillinae) or Nysius caledoniae Distant. N. caledoniae was remarked infesting majorly Brassica oleracea, B. napus and B. rapa; Chenopodium album, C. murale and Helianthus annuus crops in various urban, peri-urban and rural areas especially Faisalabad division of Punjab province. This is the very first report of an individual affiliate of genus Nysius with polyphagy from foremost cropping plains zones in Pakistan, but presence of multiple forms depicted a complex blend possessing some other Nysius spp. too. An infusive and primary description of ID keys, prevalence, biological cycles, injuries, host ranges-minor to majors and pest-controlling measures have been presented.

A review of genus Nysius Dallas in Argentina (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Orsillidae).

The orsillid genus Nysius Dallas is a complex and large genus with more than 100 described species worldwide, and includes many species of agricultural importance, one such example is N. simulans (Stål) from Argentina. Three species of Nysius are found in this country: N. simulans (Stål), N. irroratus (Spinola) and N. puberulus Berg. The material available for the present study, consisting of over 610 specimens, was collected by sweep-net, G-Vac and light trap in the provinces of Chubut (42° to 46°S; 63.5° to 72° W), La Pampa (35º to 39º south; 63º to 68º West), Neuquén (36° to 41° S; 68° to 71°W) and Río Negro (37° to 42°S; 62° to 71°W), in the central region of Argentina, during the years 2010-2014. Although the species N. simulans is frequently recorded as a pest of soybean crop, there exist no detailed description but only a brief general diagnosis. In the present contribution, therefore, we provide a detailed redescription as well as an updated distribution of N. simulans and N. irroratus, and a key for species of genus Nysius present in Argentina.

Revision of the lygaeid genus Nysius (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae: Orsillinae) of Japan, with description of a new species

AbstractJapanese species of the lygaeid–orsilline genus Nysius were revised, and five species including a new species, N. hidakai, were recognized. Male and female genitalia of all the species were illustrated, and a key to species of Japanese Nysius was provided. The DNA barcoding information of each species except N. expressus were recorded.

Evolution of symbiotic organs and endosymbionts in lygaeid stinkbugs

We investigated seed bugs of the genus Nysius (Insecta: Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) for their symbiotic bacteria. From all the samples representing 4 species, 18 populations and 281 individuals, specific bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were consistently identified, which formed a distinct clade in the Gammaproteobacteria. In situ hybridization showed that the bacterium was endocellularly localized in a pair of large bacteriomes that were amorphous in shape, deep red in color, and in association with gonads. In the ovary of adult females, the endosymbiont was also localized in the 'infection zone' in the middle of each germarium and in the 'symbiont ball' at the anterior pole of each oocyte, indicating vertical transmission of the endosymbiont through the ovarial passage. Phylogenetic analyses based on bacterial 16S rRNA, groEL and gyrB genes consistently supported a coherent monophyly of the Nysius endosymbionts. The possibility of a sister relationship to 'Candidatus Kleidoceria schneideri', the bacteriome-associated endosymbiont of a lygaeid bug Kleidocerys resedae, was statistically rejected, indicating independent evolutionary origins of the endosymbionts in the Lygaeidae. The endosymbiont genes consistently exhibited AT-biased nucleotide compositions and accelerated rates of molecular evolution, and the endosymbiont genome was only 0.6 Mb in size. The endosymbiont phylogeny was congruent with the host insect phylogeny, suggesting strict vertical transmission and host-symbiont co-speciation over evolutionary time. Based on these results, we discuss the evolution of bacteriomes and endosymbionts in the Heteroptera, most members of which are associated with gut symbiotic bacteria. The designation 'Candidatus Schneideria nysicola' is proposed for the endosymbiont clade.

Phenology, diapause, and overwintering of the wheat bug,Nysius huttoni(Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), in Canterbury, New Zealand

Abstract At Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand, two generations of the wheat bug (Nysius huttoni) developed in annual weeds (Stellaria media, Coronopus didymus, and Polygonum aviculare) between October and February in 1990–91 and 1991–92. Flight trapping indicated that a proportion of the population emigrated from the weeds soon after adult emergence when new habitats, such as patches of fathen (Chenopodium album) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), were colonised. Gravid females comprised 47–80% of all females dissected during the first generation, but only 0–9.6% of second generation females. A small third generation, initiated by the latter gravida, was detected in the field. Reproductive diapause, reported for the first time in the genus Nysius, was induced by transferring second generation female nymphs of the third and fourth instars, in late summer, to short day (12 h light: 12 h dark) conditions in the laboratory, where virtually no reproduction occurred over 80 days at 23.5°C. Females transferred to long day (16 h light: 8 h dark) photoperiod, but otherwise identical conditions reproduced normally. Adults of the second generation migrated to overwintering sites in the autumn and aggregated under dead leaves of Verbascum thapsus, under bark of dead Pinus radiata, in gorse hedges (Ulex europaeus), and swards of browntop grass (Agrostis capillaris). Adult survival and maintenance of condition of internal organs during late winter was greatest in sheltered sites under pine bark. In early spring, overwintered adults migrated to patches of annual weeds, fed, and reproduced. The relationship between the timing of migration of first generation adults and damage to wheat through grain proteolysis is discussed. It is concluded that the success of the wheat bug may be linked with flexibility in habitat use, and that this occasional agricultural pest is difficult to control as it migrates to affected crops from fallow land.

Centrosema mosaic: A new virus disease of Crotalaria SPP. in Papua and New Guinea

A study has been made of an undescribed virus disease which has been called Centrosema mosaic. Observations on its occurrence and symptoms, and data on its host range and modes of transmission are presented. The virus occurs naturally in the field on Crotalaria anagyroides H.U.K., C. goreensis Guill. & Perr., C. retusa L., C. mucronata Desv., Calopogonium mucunoides Desv., Centrosema pubescens Benth., and Desmodium distortum (Aubl.) Macbride. The host range appears to be restricted to the Leguminosae, and mainly to Crotalaria spp. The virus is mechanically transmissible, has a thermal inactivation point between 55 and 58°C, a dilution end-point of 1 in 2000, and a longevity in vitro of less than 6 hr. It is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by the aphids Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis craccivora (Koch), Myzus persicae (Sulz.), and Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt.) var. warei (Theob.) and by two species of plant bugs of the genus Nysius. It is readily transmitted by Cuscuta campestris Yuncker, but not by seed or soil.

RECORDS OF THE SPECIES OF NYSIUS OCCURRING IN THE DOMINION OF CANADA (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE)

The author published recently a “Revision of the Genus Nysius in the United States and Canada.” In compiling the data pertaining to the distribution of the species in Canada much assistance was rendered by three entomologists: Mr. G. Stuart Walley, Entomologist of the Department ot the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa; Mr. George A. Moore of Montreal, Que. and Mr. J. F. Brimley of Wellington, Ont.

The Genus Nysius and Its Allies in the Hawaiian Islands (Hemiptera, Lygaeidae, Orsillini).Robert Leslie Usinger

<i>The Genus Nysius and Its Allies in the Hawaiian Islands (Hemiptera, Lygaeidae, Orsillini).</i>Robert Leslie Usinger

A new Species of Nysius (Hem. Lygaeidae) from Tasmania, and Notes on the Economic Importance of the Genus

The genus Nysius, Dallas, as pointed out by China (1934), is in some respects the most cosmopolitan of all Hemipterous genera. Two species have been previously described from Australia, of which one, Nysius vinitor, Berg., occurs in every State of the Commonwealth. The other species, Nysius clevelandensis, Evans, is known only from Queensland. Below is described a third species which is apparently confined to Tasmania.

New Species of Nysius (Hem., Lygaeid.) from South Africa

In the few published accounts of insects belonging to the genus Nysius attacking crops in South Africa, the specific name of the Lygaeid concerned has always been given as binotatus, Germ., known locally as the common stinkvlieg, this species having been recorded as attacking not only fruit, potatoes and sunflower seed-heads, but also as being a household pest.

A new Species of Nysius (Hem., Lygaeidae) from Australia

The Rutherglen bug is a well-known pest of fruit trees, vines and other crops in Australia, and has been recorded from every State in the Commonwealth, even Western Australia not being free from it.The identity of this insect has been uncertain for some time past, although it has been assumed in economic literature that the species described by Bergroth in 1891 as Nystus vinitor is identical with the Rutherglen bug, since it is the only representative of the genus Nysius to have been described from Australia.In 1927 Mr. R. Veitch, Chief Entomologist of the Department of Agriculture and Stock, Brisbane, sent a collection of Nysius spp. to the Imperial Bureau of Entomology for determination. They were handed over to Mr. W. E. China, of the British Museum, to whom I am indebted for the very considerable assistance given me in the preparation of this paper.The collection, which consisted of a number of insects off different plants and from various localities, contained two distinct species, one of which agreed with Bergroth's very inadequate description of N. vinitor (I have not seen the type) ; the other turns out to be a new species, which I propose to name Nysius clevelandensis, since all the locality labels of this insect were marked Cleveland.