Dracocephalum Research Articles

Distribution and Susceptibility Assessment of Collapses and Landslides in the Riparian Zone of the Xiaowan Reservoir

The southwest alpine gorge region is the major state base of hydropower energy development in China and hence planned many cascading hydropower stations. After the reservoir impoundment, the intense water level fluctuations under the interaction of cascade dams operating and the mountainous flooding, usually cause bank collapse, landslide and debris flow hazards. The Xiaowan reservoir (XWR), for example, as the ‘dragon head’ meg reservoir located in the middle mainstream of Lancang River, have resulted in a series of geohazards during its building and operating. In this study, we investigated the number and surface area of collapses and landslides (CLs) occurred in the water level fluctuations zone (WLFZ) of XWR using remote sensing images of Gaofen-1 and Google Earth; evaluated the CLs susceptibility using information value method. The results presented that the total WLFZ area of 87.03 km2 and 804 CLs masses with a total area of 1.98 km2 were identified in the riparian zone of XWR. CLs mainly occurred at an elevation of 1190–1240 m, and the CLs density increased with an increase in altitude. The WLFZ with a slope gradient of 25°–45° is the main CLs distribution area that accounts for more than half of the total CLs area. The susceptibility assessment revealed that high and very high susceptibility zones are generally distributed along zones with an elevation of 1210–1240 m, a slope degree of 25°–45° and a slope aspect perpendicular to the direction of Lancang River. Furthermore, these susceptible zones are close in distance to the dam site and tend to be in the riparian zones with the formation lithology of Silurian strata. These results provide a valuable contribution to prevent and control geohazards in the XWR area. Moreover, this study offers a constructive sample of geohazards assessment in the riparian zone of large reservoirs throughout the mountains of southwest China.

Effects of hexane fraction of Dracocephalum palmatum Stephan leaf on human-derived prostate cancer cell death

Effects of hexane fraction of Dracocephalum palmatum Stephan leaf on human-derived prostate cancer cell death

Use a toad to catch a quake

An ornate dragon's head suddenly spat a metal ball into the mouth of a bronze toad crouching patiently beneath it, and officials at the court of the Han emperor were astonished. And sceptical too: this supposedly revealed that an earthquake was happening elsewhere in China,yet they felt no tremors in the capital Luoyang. The world's first seismoscope was created in AD 132 by polymath Zhang Heng, but did his legendary device really work. Here, Robinson finds the evidence to be shaky

Dragon Head Enterprises and the State of Agribusiness in China

This paper examines the political trajectory of agribusiness firms called ‘dragon head enterprises’ in China's ongoing agri‐food transformations. It starts from the premise that state and private elites in China are working together to consolidate a robust domestic agribusiness sector, as both an arena for national‐level rural and economic development, and a new frontier for access to resources and markets abroad. Through analyses of policy documents, market share data and ethnographic materials, I explore the organization and operation of dragon heads in the pork sector. My findings reveal that agribusiness development in China's pork sector is largely domestic, has a mixed state–private form and tends to marginalize the foreign‐based TNCs that have been the most powerful actors in the global agri‐food system to date. I argue that China is not only a destination for ‘external’ transnational capital, but also a site of agribusiness development in its own right. This has important implications for analysing capitalist transformations and for engaging global agri‐food politics.

COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF GENUS DRACOCEPHALUM L.

This article presents data on the study of the chemical composition, antiradical and cytotoxic activity of three species of the genus Dracocephalum L., which grow in East Kazakstan. Essential oils are obtained from aerial parts of plants D. nutans, D. ruyschiana, D. thymiflorum and the average yield of oil was 0,2%. The chemical composition of essential oils were determined by the GC/MS.Cytotoxic activity of essential oils was determined by the survival of Artemia salinaaquatic crustaceans. Essential oils of D. nutans, D. ruyschiana and D. thymiflorum in all concentrations (1–10 mg/mL) tested exhibit acute lethal toxicity – all larvae were died. Antiradical activity was determined by the method based on colorimetry of free radicals (DPPH). The experimental results showed that essential oils from D. nutans, D. ruyschiana and D. thymiflorum at all tested concentrations (0,1–1,0 mg/mL) exhibited low antiradical activity compared with the standard drug – butylhydroxyanisole.

Dragon bridge - the world largest dragon-shaped (ARCH) steel bridge as element of smart city

Dragon Bridge - The world’s largest dragon-shaped steel bridge, with an installation cost of $85 million USD, features 6 lanes for two separate directions, 666 meters of undulating steel in the shape of a dragon in the Ly Dynasty, the symbol of prosperity in Vietnamese culture. This unique and beautifully lit bridge, which also breathes fire and sprays water. It’s the purposeful integration of the lighting hardware articulates the dragon’s form, and the fire-breathing dragon head. This project transcends the notion of monumental bridge with dynamic colour-changing lighting, creating an iconic sculpture in the skyline that is both reverent and whimsical. The signature feature of the bridge was the massive undulating support structure resembling a dragon flying over the river. The dragon is prominent in Vietnamese culture as a symbol of power and nobility. Dragon Bridge stands out as a model of innovation. It has received worldwide attention in the design community and from the global media for its unique arch support system. Dragon Bridge serves as an example of how aesthetic quality of a design can serve cultural, economic and functional purposes. The article presents design solutions of the object and the evaluation of the technical condition before putting the facility into service.

중국 산시성(山西省)지역 관제묘건축의 지붕의장에 관한 연구

Shanxi province was the hometown of GuanDi. The analysis of community features that found in the roof of common GuanDi Temple show as follows: 1. There are many differences in the roof design of Door, Theater Stage, Pray Hall, Main Hall, Spring and Autumn Palace between Shanxi province and Henan province. 2. The Ornament on roof ridge mostly use patterns of dragon head and dragon tail in Shanxi province. The Ridge brake use various patterns in Shanxi province. 3. Deity carving appears in the Dragon ridge and Vertical ridge. Animal carving appears in the Dragon ridge, Vertical ridge and Descending ridge in Shanxi province. 4. Decorations such as Dragon carving, Peony blossom carving, Flowering plant carving and Word carving are used in the surface of Dragon ridge. Decorations such as Dragon carving and Peony blossom carving are used in the surface of Vertical ridge. Decorations such as Peony blossom carving and Flowering plant carving are used in the surface of Descending ridge.

Cytogenetic studies of two Dracocephalum (Lamiaceae) species and populations in Iran

A karyological study of two taxa (11 populations) of the genus Dracocephalum L. from different geographic origins is presented. We found the two usual basic chromosome numbers in the genus. Basic chromosome numbers in all of the populations of Dracocephalum moldavica L. were x= 5 (2n=2x=10) and in Deracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. were x= 10 (2n=2x=20). Chromosomes in all of populations of D. moldavica and D. kotschyi were located in 1A and 1B classes respectively. The chromosome lengths were determined between 1.88-2.16µm in D. moldavica and 1.37-1.63µm in D. kotschyi. Detailed karyotype analysis allows us to group the different populations and to postulate relationships among them.

The phenolic compounds from Dracocephalum moldavica L.

• Twenty flavonoids and two phenylpropanoids were isolated from Dracocephalum moldavica . • Eight flavonoids were isolated from D. moldavica for the first time. • Six flavonoids were isolated from the genus Dracocephalum for the first time. • The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds was summarized.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Tánara Ótó (Dracocephalum palmatum Stephan), a medicinal plant used by the North-Yakutian nomads.

Dracocephalum palmatum Stephan (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant used by the North-Yakutian nomads. From the crude ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of this plant, 23 compounds (phenylpropanoids, coumarins, flavonoids, and triterpenes) were isolated. Among these, eight compounds (salvianolic acid B, caftaric acid, cichoric acid, umbelliferone, aesculetin, apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucuronopyranoside, isorhoifolin, and luteolin-4'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside) were detected for the first time in the genus Dracocephalum. Their structures were elucidated based on chemical and spectral data. The levels of most of the compounds detected in the cultivated sample were close to that of the wild sample, indicating the reproducibility of the biologically active compounds of D. palmatum through cultivation. Investigation into the biological activity of D. palmatum under in vitro conditions demonstrated that its extracts have a strong antioxidant effect due to the presence of high concentrations of phenolic compounds.

Digitizing the Dragon Head, Geo-Coding the Urban Landscape: GIS and the Transformation of China's Urban Governance

While local governments have been one of the major user groups of GIS, there is still little research on how GIS development in local government might be intertwined with urban governance, particularly in non-Western contexts. Drawing upon insights from GIS implementation, critical GIS, and governmentality studies, this article seeks to bridge this gap by examining the implications of Chinese urban government GIS practices amidst China's changing urban governance. Through an in-depth case study of Shenzhen, this article analyzes how urban GIS has been transformed from a practice involving internal organizational workflow automation, into a more active dimension of the governance of urban spaces—reflected in the expanding practice of “geo-coding” the urban landscape. “Geo-coding” here refers to a broadly defined spatial practice of carving and reconstructing a rational urban space. GIS practices have constituted a particular form of geographic rationality that seeks to govern at a distance while simultaneously regulating the urban environment, intersecting with the broader transformations of China's urban governance. These GIS developments have been largely government-centric rather than citizen-centric, yet they provide possibilities for new forms of spatial knowledge production for citizen participation in urban governance.

Chemical composition of Dracocephalum heterophyllum

We continued research on the chemical composition of Dracocephalum heterophyllum. In a previous communication, we reported the isolation of a triterpenoid (ursolic acid) and the flavonoids chrysosplenetin (4 ,5-dihydroxy-3,6,7,3 tetramethoxyflavone), diosmetin (5,7,3 -trihydroxy-4 -methoxyflavone), luteolin (5,7,3 ,4 -tetrahydroxyflavone), and linarin (acacetin 7-O-rutinoside) from the EtOAc fraction of the EtOH extract [1]. The eighth and ninth fractions obtained from separation of the EtOAc fraction [1] were re-chromatographed over silica gel. Compounds were eluted by a gradient of EtOAc:MeOH (10:1–0:1) to afford four fractions. The second and third fractions were chromatographed over a column of LH-20 Sephadex with elution by MeOH:H2O (4:1) to afford 1 (7 mg) and 2 (8 mg). Column chromatography over silica gel with elution by a gradient of hexane:CHCl3 and recrystallization were used to separate and purify the CHCl3 fraction into compounds 3–6. The n-BuOH fraction (20 g) was separated using a column of D101 ion-exchange resin. Compounds were eluted successively by H2O and EtOH solutions (30 and 80%). The third fraction was chromatographed over an ODS column using MeOH:H2O (20, 35, 50, 65, and 80%) eluents to produce five fractions. The fifth fraction was also purified using pure MeOH over a column of LH-20 Sephadex to afford 7 (15 mg) and 8 (13 mg). The chemical composition of the hexane fraction was studied by dissolving it in petroleum ether [1]. The resulting extract was evaporated to half the volume and cooled. The resulting precipitate was filtered off and dried to constant mass. The filtrate was analyzed by GC-MS on an Agilent 7890A-5975C GC-MS using an HP-5MS column (30 m 0.25 mm 0.25 m). Samples (1 L) were injected at a 30:1 ratio. The GC operating parameters were as follows: ionization energy 70 eV, initial temperature 60°C for 2 min, increase to 260°C at 5°C/min and hold for 5 min, increase to 300°C at 5°C/min and hold for 8 min. Constituents were determined by comparing retention times and mass spectra with data in the NIST and Wiley electronic libraries. Table 1 presents the results for volatile compounds of the hexane fraction. The precipitate was chromatographed over a column of silica gel to afford three fractions. GC-MS analysis of the first fraction identified the following components: eicosane (65.8%); 2,2 -methylene-bis-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol (17.8%); and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid mono(ethylhexyl) ester (16.4%). Stigmasterol (4) and -sitosterol (5) were observed in the second and third fractions. The structures of 1–8 were elucidated using spectral data (1D NMR and ESI-MS) and comparisons with the literature [2–9]. TLC was used to monitor elution of compounds from the column using NH3 vapor and H2SO4 in EtOH solution (5%) as detectors. Diosmetin 7-O-glucopyranoside (1) and diosmetin-7-O-rutinoside (2) were isolated for the first time from the genus Dracocephalum. Stigmasterol (4), -sitosterol (5), quercetin (7), and kaempferol (8) were isolated for the first time from this plant.

اثر کودهای آلی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گیاهان دارویی اسفرزه (Forssk. Plantago ovata)، قدومه شیرازی (L. homolocarpum (Alyssum، قدومه شهری (L. Lepidium perfoilatum) و تخم شربتی(Lalementia iberica L.)

این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثرات کودهای آلی بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی گیاهان دارویی اسفرزه (.Forssk Plantago ovata)، قدومه شهری (.L Lepidium Perfoilatum)، قدومه شیرازی (Alyssum homolocarpum L.) و تخم شربتی (.L Lalementia iberica) در مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 89-1388بصورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل انواع کودهای آلی کود گاوی، ورمی‌کمپوست، کمپوست قهوه و کمپوست قارچ و فاکتور فرعی شامل چهار گونه دارویی اسفرزه، قدومه شهری، قدومه شیرازی و بارهنگ بود. تأثیر کودهای آلی مختلف روی گیاهان مورد آزمایش از نظر کلیه صفات مورد مطالعه بجز وزن هزاردانه معنی دار بود. اثر متقابل نوع گیاه و نوع کود آلی فقط برای صفت وزن خشک اندام های هوایی معنی‌دار شد. در بین گیاهان دارویی مورد بررسی، تخم شربتی بطور متوسط از نظر میزان موسیلاژ (75/27 درصد) نسبت به قدومه شیرازی (16 درصد)، اسفرزه (92/15) و قدومه شهری (92/15 درصد) بیشترین میزان را داشت. در بین کودهای آلی، استفاده از نوع کود گاوی کاملا پوسیده با تولید 1816 کیلوگرم در هکتار ماده خشک، عملکرد بذر 5/467 کیلوگرم در هکتار، تعداد 550 بذر در گیاه، ارتفاع گیاه 17/32 سانتی‌متر و میزان موسیلاژ 75/20 درصد، بیشترین مقادیر را به خود اختصاص داد.

中国农业资本化的动力: 公司、国家、还是农户?

Abstract Chinese agriculture has undergone a quiet transformation in the past fifteen years. The “old agriculture” of grain, cotton, and oil crops has seen a tremendous rise in uses of machinery (and also farm chemicals) to save labor. At the same time, the capital and labor dual-intensifying “new agriculture” of higher-value products—vegetables, fruit, meat, poultry, fish—has expanded greatly. These changes have been accompanied by substantial declines in the number of people working in agriculture. Together, the changes add up to a high degree of “capitalization” (i.e., increased capital inputs per unit labor) in Chinese agriculture. This article presents detailed quantitative evidence for these commonly neglected changes. Contrary to conventional assumptions, the capitalization has been powered principally by peasant household investments, more than state or capitalist firm investments. This fact points to the need to rely more on peasant initiative in the future, by providing greater state guidance and support for peasant family farm-based endeavors, rather than strongly favoring “dragon head” enterprises as in the past decade. (This article is in English.) 摘要 过去15年间，中国农业经历了悄然但巨大的变化。“旧农业”（粮食、棉花、油料作物）大量使用机械及农药以节约劳动。与此同时，资本与劳动双密集的“新农业”（主要是高产值的蔬菜、水果、肉、禽、鱼）有着极大的发展。这些变化是伴随农业就业人员数的持续下降而来的。结果是中国农业显著的“资本化”（亦即，单位劳动力资本投入的增加）。对于这些普遍被忽视的事实，本文将给出详细的量化证据。 与通常的假设不同，中国农业资本化主要是由农户投资推动的，其总量比国家和农业企业公司的投资还要大。这一事实的重要意义在于，未来中国农业的发展，需更注重和依赖农户的能动作用。国家需对农民家庭的经营行为给予更大的服务和扶持，不应像过去十年间那样，一味将政策支持倾斜于“龙头企业”。

フエ王宮宮殿建築・太和殿における柱髹飾技術の復原的研究

The focus of this paper is reconstruction study of painting pattern analyze between columns and flat plan of “Thai Hoa” palace. At 1st is characterized by dragon head and extremities, classified into two type water in the mouth or not. 2nd,dragon head and tail take the symmetry axis of the body is wrapped in a spiral pattern is arranged. 3rd,when considering dragon pattern placement, the building borders the central axis plan is placed symmetrically. Dragon is one of the highest prestige, overlapping pattern of spiral structure and symmetry, suggest that the concept of spatial correlation and building decoration.

The Effection of Stress Path on the Rock Relaxation Area of Large-Section Tunnel

Construction of large-section tunnel leads to changing of rock stress and comes about complicated stress-path, which causes continuously redistribution of rock stress with changing of stress path, leads expansion and change of plastic zone and brings relaxation-are avariation between left guide hole and right guide hole. The paper firstly introduced the construction situation of four-lane tunnel, and then analyzed its developments of design and construction at present. Relying on Dragon Head Mountain expressway tunnel with eight-lane and two way in Guangzhou, analyzed and discussed stress path, rock relaxation area effect on large-section tunnel by using site measured data from multi-displacement meter and numerical calculation result of rock relaxation area in different excavations. At the same time, verified the rational range of rock relaxation-area of large-section four- lane tunnel, which made the rock load of large-section tunnel to be studied further.

A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592–1598. By Kenneth M. Swope. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2009. xxiv, 398 pp. $34.95 (cloth).

A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592–1598. By Kenneth M. Swope. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2009. xxiv, 398 pp. $34.95 (cloth).

A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592-1598

A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592-1598

THE WANLI EMPEROR AND MING CHINA'S DEFENCE OF KOREA AGAINST JAPAN

As recently as 2001, there were few lengthy discussions in English on the Imjin Waeran (Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea) aside from William George Aston's contribution to theTransactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan(‘Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea’) from the 1870s and 1880s and a clutch of articles. The last nine years, though, have seen an extraordinary production of published works and the appearance of translations of primary sources, some full, some partial, some finished, and some on the way. Stephen Turnbull'sSamurai Invasionappeared in 2002. Just three years later, in 2005, Samuel Hawley publishedThe Imjin War, and now we have Kenneth M. Swope'sA Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail.The three books are each written from the perspective of the three main belligerents: Turnbull working from Japanese sources, Hawley from a Korean perspective, and Swope from Ming sources. These three offer detailed narratives on the war and allow English-language scholarship to set aside general narrative in favour of specific research agendas.

Ekonomiczne i technologiczne strefy rozwoju Chin (kwantyfikacja, stratyfikacja, metodyka)

As a result of the new economic policy, fourteen Economic and Technological Development Zones (ETDZs) were established in twelve coastal cities between 1984 and 1988. The first ETDZs were Dalian, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Nantong, Minhang (Shanghai), Hongqiao (Shanghai), Caohejing (Shanghai), Ningbo, Fuzhou, Guangzhou and Zhanjiang. Unlike Special Economic Zone (SEZ), an ETDZ is located in the suburban area of a major city. Special policies are adopted within the ETDZ. An administrative committee, normally selected by the local government, oversees economic and social management in the zones on behalf of the local government. The category ‘SEZ’ covers a broad range of more specific zone types, including Free Trade Zones (FTZ), Export Processing Zones (EPZ), Free Zones (FZ), Industrial Estates (IE), Free Ports, Urban Enterprise Zones and others. The second wave of expansion of ETDZs was led by the establishment of Pudong New District in Shanghai in 1990. This decision was aimed at elevating the status of Shanghai, making it the “Dragon Head” of the Yangtze River Delta Region, which comprises of Shanghai and parts of Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Prior to the establishment of this new district, the Pearl River Delta Region – comprising nine cities in Guangdong – was the forerunner of China’s open door policy. However, unlike Guangdong, which lies at the south-eastern coast of China, Shanghai’s economic development will have more impact on China’s vast hinterland. Between 1992 and 1993, a total of eighteen state-level ETDZs were established – Yingkou, Changchun, Shenyang, Harbin, Weihai, Kunshan, Hangzhou, Xiaoshan, Wenzhou, Rongqiao, Dongshan, Guangzhou Nansha, Huizhou Daya Bay, Wuhu, Wuhan, Chongqing, Beijing and Urumchi. Two special projects were added later. Founded in 1993, the Ningbo Daxie Development Zone is an investment by China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC), and comes under its management. The other special project is the Suzhou Industrial Park, which was founded in 1994, and is a joint cooperation between the governments of China and Singapore. After 2000, in an effort to fuel the development of the Central and Western regions, the central government also endorsed the establishment of a further eleven national ETDZs in inland regions. Up till now, China has a total of fifty-four state-level ETDZs – thirty-two in coastal regions, and twenty-two in the hinterland. The region of Hong Kong has a role and status of innovation. The planners in this unique part of East Asia expect that some new concepts can help the former British colony to embrace a new economic model: a model in which design, marketing and branding play the crucial role in economy.