Genuine Products Research Articles

Ghosts of the City: A Spectrology of Cinematic Spaces

This paper investigates how, in early cinema, in-between spaces were created that were receptive to scenes of haunting. Adopting Derrida’s notions of a hauntology and a spectrology it argues for a genuine productivity of cinematic space that is able to build ghostly environments without incorporating an actual specter. This productivity is described as ‘making appear’ and ‘making act’. Furthermore, the paper explains how, in the era of silent cinema, cinematic techniques were used to create scenes of haunting.

Does counterfeiting benefit genuine manufacturer? The role of production costs

A monopolist sells a luxury genuine product which can be illegally copied and sold by a competitive fringe of counterfeiters. Fines imposed on caught counterfeiters are pocketed by the genuine firm. We prove that if production costs are low, then the genuine manufacturer would lobbying for high penalties so that counterfeiters should be thrown out of the market. In this case, the presence of counterfeiters does not provide any benefit to the producer of the original product. Whenever the production cost is neither too high nor too low, the optimal fine guarantees a positive demand for the genuine product as well as for the fake; the genuine producer is better off than in a world without counterfeiters. If production costs are too high, the genuine firm has no more incentive to produce. Its remaining goal is to collect penalty money from counterfeiters. Again, the presence of counterfeiters provides a benefit to the genuine manufacturer. Finally, a comparison between full protection and null protection policies is performed.

Multiplex HRM analysis as a tool for rapid molecular authentication of nine herbal teas

Herbal infusions, commonly referred to as herbal teas are among the most widely consumed hot beverages. Herbal tea authenticity is an issue of food safety. Reliable test methods, which could identify the botanical origin of herbal tea products, are required in order to protect the consumer from fraud and authenticate genuine products considering also the potential medical use of the herbs. Herein, we present a method that enables the simultaneous and reliable identification of 9 herbal species of sage, Greek sage, chamomile, mountain-tea, oregano, Cretan oregano, yarrow, lemon balm and rosemary. A high resolution melting (HRM) assay, targeting a fragment of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) gene, was developed in order to authenticate the botanical origin of the herbal teas and their mixtures. Species-specific primers were designed and combined in a multiplex PCR resulting in fragments of different length and therefore different melting behavior for each species. The method was developed using dried tissue from each of the nine species. The multiplex HRM assay proposed in this work can be applied as routine tests for the verification of botanical origin in herbal teas and can be extended to authenticate all types of herbal foodstuffs.

디자인 QR코드 기반 정품인증 프레임워크 및 정품판별 알고리즘 개발

A genuine product authentication framework and genuine distinction algorithm based on design QR code is proposed in this paper. The proposed framework consists of design QR code, a smart phone application for authentication, and a server system. Design QR code is a shape-modification of conventional QR code according to manufacturer's and/or product's need. In the design QR code, information about manufacturer and product is written. The written information can be read with general QR code reader, however, the content is transformed with authentication code, used in the first step authentication, and the meaning cannot be inferred. The application conducts the first step authentication and sends the resulting information to the server system for the second step authentication. The server system decides the genuinity using look-up history. The proposed framework can improve the authentication effect while minimizing the additional costs by managing the history through the server system. The proposed framework has proven to be effective in actual use, such as that used for the management of garbage bags in Ansan city.

Authentic Needs and Genuine Productivity

Abstract The paper deals with a critical debate regarding the common conception on human needs and on their fulfilment through the concern for productivity and growth. It starts from the most common way of perceiving (and, implicitly, of developing) the economy, which is reappraised on the grounds of genuine liberalism; several routine approaches in economics and most common concerns in the economy are put under question. The debate brings conclusions related to a widened area of issues concerning the assessment of economic activities and core educational recommendations, implying interventionism focused on developing responsibility on the very long term.

C'è lavoro sul web?

Is there work on web? Can we distinguish web-users between workers? What innovative ways takes digital activity? Is it possible to identify typical professional profiles and trades on web? Can the extreme accessibility and impersonality of the web create genuine employment relationships and support production processes? Is there a way to apply labour rules and protections to experiences that intentionally take advantage of extraterritoriality, autarky and polycentric dimension of Internet?The questions raised by the Author underline that the web, rather than simply providing means and support to the movement of information in advantage of the labour market traditional players (companies, workers, private agencies, public employment services), has instead developed autonomously its own potential. On one hand, the web has became a professional intermediary, using the capabilities of computing devices and search engine that offer global employment services 2.0; on the other hand, has caused the “dis-intermediation” towards institutional operators (public and private) through the dissemination of informal circuits, sites of social recruiting, and also civic networks aimed at intercepting interstitial job opportunities.Moreover, the web tends increasingly to exchange or combine the role of the intermediary and the one of the employer in the labour market, making available - at least potentially - a virtual, but global, space for outsourcing. The A. reflects, in particular, on legal characterization of digital work through crowdsourcing and on the application of rules of contracts and Agency work.Although work on web is difficult to recognize, measure and regulate in legal terms, it has been observed that the use of technological devices and digital services mark the rebirth of the - in its original, ancient meaning of the practice of an art or the expression of a talent - in contrast to the profession established in the high twentieth century through a bureaucratic public organization. The network is the means and the support of the professed by digital workers, but is both the object and purpose of the trade itself. Means and end often coincide.

The use of high performance anion exchange chromatography for the detection of counterfeit pharmaceutical products using the excipient content as a marker

The aim of the investigation described here was to examine the differences between genuine and counterfeit pharmaceutical products through the development of an analytical method capable of rigorously identifying the sugar-based excipients. High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography, coupled to Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD), supported by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), provided a method for the analysis of the carbohydrate based excipients. The analytical method was able to discriminate between the substitution patterns of a number of monosaccharides derived from commonly used excipients and these were compared for both genuine and counterfeit sildenafil citrate based products. The aim of the project was accomplished: the HPAEC-method was employed to analyse a counterfeit pharmaceutical ‘Herbal Viagra’.

Detection of Counterfeit by the Usage of Product Inherent Features

One aspect of the economical dimension of sustainable business development is the protection of high value products from counterfeiting. This holds especially true for consumer goods since the sustainable manufacturing process gains a more and more important role, e.g. in the creation of a brand image. In this paper we propose a method for detecting counterfeit by capture of inherent features indissolubly linked with the product induced by the production process itself. Since a counterfeiter gains margin by the use of inferior production processes and material the differences between genuine product and counterfeit can be captured in an automated fashion. The proposed method not only renders the application of artificial security tags obsolete which helps reducing the material usage but also gives enhanced protection against counterfeiting as the inherent characteristics cannot be removed from the article.

Design Study of Two-Dimensional Anti-Counterfeiting Code Based on Moirés Mechanism

Two dimensional code security system can be used to encrypt the user is decoded product, inspection by anti fake system or mobile phone software, can be genuine security information products. The Fourier transform of the amendment in the two-dimensional code patterns on the basis, transforming it into the function value is input to the server system. After a raster image processor (RIP) to draw the value of Bessel curve fitting, and tend to image in a plurality of sine function description, at the same time using the Visual Basic to draw a sinusoidal function diagram, the output image information two-dimensional code generation. Finally, through the internal matching storage printing output pattern and server security code information, you can verify the authenticity of products. It provides a simple and convenient method, and accurate for the commodity information traceability and product anti-counterfeiting identification.

Counterfeit Products and the Role of the Consumer in Saudi Arabia

The aim of this paper is to investigate the key antecedents of Saudi consumers’ attitudes toward counterfeit products. The study is also set out to examine the relationship of consumers’ attitude towards counterfeit product with purchase intention. The study adopted the self-administered survey methodology technique using a pre-validated pre-piloted questionnaire. The questionnaire was adapted from one previously used in Brazil. A survey of 520 respondents was selected in Riyadh market based on convenience-sampling method to test the hypothesized relationships using structural equation model (SEM) with maximum likelihood estimation. The empirical results from the structural model suggest that Saudi consumers’ intentions to buy counterfeited products are influenced by perceived risk, subjective norm, price-quality inference, prior purchase of counterfeits, and integrity. The paper reinforces the mediator role that attitude plays in the relationship between these antecedents and behavioral intentions. By having a better understanding of the consumers’ behavioral intentions of buying counterfeit products, the manufacturers and marketers of the genuine brand products can make better marketing strategies to entice the consumer to buy the original product and not the counterfeit version. Theoretical contribution of this study is an extension of knowledge of consumers’ attitude with regards to counterfeit products.

K04100 具種材料の接合プロセスと界面強度評価

Almost all products and structures have joint structures such as bolted, adhesive, solder or welded joints for productivity and maintenanceability. Many failure accidents or toubles occur on these joint structures, as the stress flow in these joint structures are complicated or many human manual work were intervened in manufacturing process. Further, for the sake of recent needs of additional functions such as weight saving, surface modifications or durability improvements new dissimilar materials are used on these joining structures. So, in this paper we review the strength evaluation technologies for each joining process based on the failure accident examples. Then we present new strength design methodology based on genuine mechanical analyses and production engineering aspects. And finally we present new CAE design tools, which will be suitable for on-site design engineers.

Me against them: A decisive settling of accounts: The perils of oversized governmental interference: Part two

Me against them: A decisive settling of accounts: The perils of oversized governmental interference: Part two

Regional and International Market - Adventure or Possibility to Develop Faster

Albania is now facing international competition since the officially establishment of the market economy, based on the free competition and economic diversity in every sector. It lived a rapid opening toward international market on the very early stage of this new era and the establishment of democracy model of state. The huge differences in development, education, perception and experience induced rapidly a system of market exchange deeply in favor of imports in front of exports. Even several steps, important ones, done on the improvement of the balance projecting and designing a market development law reform, as well as policies fostering domestic market development and the stimulation of exports versus imports, still our economy lacks a lot in this matter. Most of the policies and steps done to this issue aimed at the protectionist actions through tax barriers in order to preserve, not to develop the actual inherited economy, or that very decadent installed industry lacking considerably innovation and advanced technology. The accession to WTO, the several multilateral agreements, regional and international, Albania signed and participates, as well as the bilateral agreement with EU on the free trade for the genuine products and the signature of SAA and the process of EU integration, made it impossible that Albania could face international market exchanges with that very latent philosophy and approach on development of the very first years of market economy, and the situation on imports and exports has deepen the advantage of the first versus the second. At this stage, the question stands rather we could be part of this market being leader in innovation and technology, or instead, internationalizing our brands and products increasing quality, respecting international standards on this regard and emphasizing their Albanian origin as a new gusto and another possibility in the international market for the costumer, considering international channels of marketing cost reduction too? So, principally the question stands if we can and how to develop an economic model producing products and services fitting international and regional market standards in quality and consumption, as well as easily identifiable to the international customer? DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p1774

Profitability Analysis of Pigeon Pea (CajanusCajan) Production in Riyom Lga of Plateau State

The study focused on the profitability of pigeon pea production in Riyom LGA of Plateau State. Data for the study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Questionnaires were administered to 80 targeted farmers to get information on their socio-economic characteristics, years of experience in pigeon pea production and the reason for growing pigeon pea. The analytical tool used includes descriptive statistics to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and farm budgeting technique (gross margin analysis) for assessing the profitability of pigeon pea production. The study also identified the constraints encountered by farmers such as high cost of labour, inadequate processing/ storage facilities, problems of access to credit/loans and weed/pest infestation. The results shows that pigeon pea production is profitable with a total variable cost (TVC) at N22620.68 per ha, while gross revenue (GR) was N50185.25 per ha, the profit margin (GM) at N32564.59 and the net return per Naira invested was N0.69. It was recommended that farm inputs and improved seed varieties should be made available to farmers at affordable rates so as to enable them operate at a commercial and profitable level of pigeon pea production. These farmers should be encouraged to form a cooperative society so as to alleviate the problem of credit/ loan acquisition and procurement of genuine products as well as avoid exploitation. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n7p44

Confronting the Gray Market Problem

Gray markets involve the sales of legitimate products by way of channels of distribution that are not authorized by the brand owners. Gray markets may benefit consumers and even brand owners under certain circumstances. On balance, however, gray markets are detrimental to brand owners because gray market traders access genuine product in both physical and virtual markets and reap profits stemming from the resale of goods owing to price differentiation between markets, thus depriving brand owners of those profits. In this study, we discuss the principal factors that encourage a gray market and the legal underpinnings that permit gray markets in the United States. We then summarize managerial tactics—both reactive and proactive—to combat gray markets.

New limonoids from Hortia oreadica and unexpected coumarin from H. superba using chromatography over cleaning Sephadex with sodium hypochlorite.

Previous investigations of H. oreadica reported the presence of a wide spectrum of complex limonoids and dihydrocinnamic acids. Our interest in the Rutaceae motivated a reinvestigation of H. oreadica, H. brasiliana and H. superba searching for other secondary metabolites present in substantial amounts for taxonomic analysis. In a continuation of the investigation of the H. oreadica, three new limonoids have now been isolated 9α-hydroxyhortiolide A, 11β-hydroxyhortiolide C and 1(S*)-acetoxy-7(R*)-hydroxy-7-deoxoinchangin. All the isolated compounds from the Hortia species reinforce its position in the Rutaceae. With regard to limonoids the genus produces highly specialized compounds, whose structural variations do not occur in any other member of the Rutaceae, thus, it is evident from limonoid data that Hortia takes an isolated position within the family. In addition, H. superba afforded the unexpected coumarin 5-chloro-8-methoxy-psoralen, which may not be a genuine natural product. Solid-state cross-polarisation/magic-angle-spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, X-Ray fluorescence and Field-emission gun scanning electron microscopy experiments show that the Sephadex LH-20 was modified after treatment with NaOCl, suggesting that when xanthotoxin (8-methoxy-psoralen) was extracted from cleaning of the gel column, chlorination of the aromatic system occurred.

Profitability Analysis of Pigean Pea (<i>Cajanus cajan</i>) Production in Riyom LGA of Plateau State

The study focused on the profitability of pigeon pea production in Riyom LGA of Plateau State. Data for the study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Questionnaires were administered to 80 targeted farmers to get information on their socio-economic characteristics, years of experience in pigeon pea production and the reason for growing pigeon pea. The analytical tool used includes descriptive statistics to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and farm budgeting technique (gross margin analysis) for assessing the profitability of pigeon pea production. The study also identified the constraints encountered by farmers such as high cost of labour, inadequate processing / storage facilities, problems of access to credit/loans and weed/pest infestation. The results shows that pigeon pea production is profitable with a total variable cost (TVC) at N22620.68 per ha, while gross revenue (GR) was N50185.25 per ha, the profit margin (GM) at N32564.59 and the net return per Naira invested was N0.69. It was recommended that farm inputs and improved seed varieties should be made available to farmers at affordable rates so as to enable them operate at a commercial and profitable level of pigeon pea production. These farmers should be encouraged to form a cooperative society so as to alleviate the problem of credit/ loan acquisition and procurement of genuine products as well as avoid exploitation

Profitability Analysis of Pigean Pea (<i>Cajanus cajan</i>) Production in Riyom LGA of Plateau State

The study focused on the profitability of pigeon pea production in Riyom LGA of Plateau State. Data for the study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Questionnaires were administered to 80 targeted farmers to get information on their socio-economic characteristics, years of experience in pigeon pea production and the reason for growing pigeon pea. The analytical tool used includes descriptive statistics to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and farm budgeting technique (gross margin analysis) for assessing the profitability of pigeon pea production. The study also identified the constraints encountered by farmers such as high cost of labour, inadequate processing / storage facilities, problems of access to credit/loans and weed/pest infestation. The results shows that pigeon pea production is profitable with a total variable cost (TVC) at N22620.68 per ha, while gross revenue (GR) was N50185.25 per ha, the profit margin (GM) at N32564.59 and the net return per Naira invested was N0.69. It was recommended that farm inputs and improved seed varieties should be made available to farmers at affordable rates so as to enable them operate at a commercial and profitable level of pigeon pea production. These farmers should be encouraged to form a cooperative society so as to alleviate the problem of credit/ loan acquisition and procurement of genuine products as well as avoid exploitation

Social power, product conspicuousness, and the demand for luxury brand counterfeit products

The aim of this article is twofold: (1) to achieve a better understanding of the psychological determinants of the demand for luxury brand counterfeit products (LBCP) through exploring the effects of social power; (2) to extend power literature by identifying boundary conditions of the relationship between social power and compensatory consumption identified by Rucker and Galinsky (2008, J. Consum. Res., 35, 257-267) and Rucker and Galinsky (2009, J. Exp. Soc. Psychol., 45, 549-555). Findings from three experiments demonstrate that social power holds key insights into understanding consumers' purchase propensity for LBCP; product conspicuousness moderates the effects of social power on purchase propensity for status products; these moderation effects are only observed when the status products are LBCP but not genuine products. This article, therefore, contributes to the literature regarding the demand for counterfeits as well as the social power and compensatory consumption literature.

Turning counterfeiting into advantage: the case of a durable good monopolist

This article argues that the presence of nondeceptive counterfeits may benefit the monopolist of genuine products in a durable good scenario. For a monopolist selling a durable good over time, the presence of counterfeits mitigates the monopolist’s incentives to lower the price in later periods because lower valuation consumers are more likely to purchase the counterfeit. While the counterfeit diminishes the demand for the genuine product, we show that, under some circumstances, the presence of counterfeits may raise the price and boost the monopolist’s profit.