Phenomenon Of Gentrification Research Articles

The Internal Socio-Economic Polarization of Urban Neighborhoods: The Case of the Municipality of Nice

In continuity with the research on social segregation and the phenomenon of urban gentrification, this article examines the cohabitation patterns of populations with diametrically opposed incomes within the same neighborhood, typically observed in the city center. This phenomenon is defined here as internal socio-economic polarization. It is measured through the combination of two original indexes (poverty and wealth indexes) constructed based on income deciles per consumption unit for the year of 2017. The analysis focuses on the municipality of Nice, characterized by a low demographic dynamic, a relative concentration of seniors, and a strong tourist attractiveness, particularly in the highly polarized neighborhoods that occupy almost the entire city center. This study is complemented by a principal component analysis summarizing the characteristics of the population and housing stock in the neighborhoods of Nice. The main objective of this research is to identify and locate polarized neighborhoods within the urban context of Nice, to analyze the distinctive traits of their population and housing stock, and, finally, to highlight potential trends in the population’s socio-economic status. Moreover, the economic trajectories of polarized neighborhoods, in connection with their population and housing characteristics (such as the secondary use of a portion of the housing stock, often low-quality old buildings, social housing, and the overrepresentation of retirees), help explain the forms of socio-economic polarization observed in these neighborhoods (such as the indications of gentrification, unfinished gentrification, and sustainable cohabitation).

Understanding the Transformations of San Lorenzo, Rome: An Attempt at Conceptual Order between Gentrification and Urban Policy

This paper is the result of a preliminary research phase aimed at identifying the phenomenon of gentrification in Rome’s San Lorenzo neighborhood, examining the perception of the phenomenon and the urban planning tools that have been adopted until today to contain it. The experimental framework proposed, based on qualitative research methods, aims to discuss if some urban transformations can be related only to market phenomenon inherent to gentrification or to the lack of planning tools able to manage—through the construction of a shared view on neighborhoods development—the negative externalities resulting from the real estate investments induced by the tourism sector and linked to the presence of universities in the reference territory. The research combines an international theoretical framework; the analysis of the policies and of the urban transformation during the contemporary history of the neighborhood; and interviews to key informants such as representatives of local institutions and associations, researchers, inhabitants, and others. The research approach intends to deepen the general perception and the comprehension of the phenomenon of gentrification from the local community, in relation to his own involvement in decision-making processes about the strategic regulatory–prescriptive development of the neighborhood. The primary objective of the paper is to advocate for an analytical framework that facilitates a better understanding of gentrification within the national context and explores potential institutional responses. It seeks to clarify the concept of gentrification, which is often misunderstood when interpreted solely through its Anglo-Saxon definition. By doing so, the paper aims to contribute to informed discussions and effective policy-making regarding urban development in San Lorenzo and beyond.

Exploring the composition features of commercial gentrification - a case study of Taipei City

The phenomenon of commercial gentrification, marked by transformations in commercial spaces and retail patterns, is increasingly evident globally, significantly altering consumption spaces to cater to new residents and impacting main shopping areas. This study examines commercial gentrification in Taipei City, focusing on identifying affected areas and analyzing their environmental characteristics. Using secondary dissemination areas as spatial units, the research constructs quantifiable indicators to map the occurrence of commercial gentrification. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to explore the environmental factors correlated with this process. Taipei City's historical and economic evolution, characterized by significant infrastructure developments and commercial transformations, provides the context for this study. The threshold strategy revealed patterns of commercial gentrification within the Da'an, Zhongzheng, and Songshan districts, with Da'an displaying the most significant changes. The weighted results suggest that areas experiencing commercial gentrification showcase a high degree of diversity, a lower presence of vulnerable populations, and superior public transportation and amenities. This study aims to provide insights into the spatial dynamics and environmental impacts of commercial gentrification, offering a comprehensive understanding of its progression in Taipei City.

Vulnerated Urban Areas under Regeneration: Strategies to Prevent Neighborhood Expulsion in Barcelona or How to Improve without Expelling?

This article explores the negative effects of gentrification, especially in vulnerable areas of contemporary cities, by focusing on five case studies of the city of Barcelona. This relevant question is addressed here following a double strategy (quantitative and qualitative). In an attempt to engage on a debate around the scope and limitations of current urban regeneration interventions, the phenomenon of gentrification is quantified throughout time drawing from official statistics. At the same time, the voices of local entities’ representatives are included to introduce a level of representation on the phenomenon. The results suggest that, even though urban regeneration strategies are absolutely necessary, especially in the more vulnerated areas, it is necessary to include more comprehensive approaches and tools that take into consideration not only the physical and urban effects of rehabilitation, but also the economic and social aspects. Thus, it may be necessary to engage in a more consequential discussion not only on how vulnerability and regeneration are theorized, measured and dealt with, but also on some less studied dimensions of the socio-urban phenomenon, such as the social capital and the social infrastructure of neighborhoods.

Gentrification of Communities Surrounding Chedi Luang Worawiharn Temple, Sri Phum Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiang Mai Province

Modification of building structure and use by new investors to achieve increased economic returns by pushing former residents out of the areas is the process of gentrification.The purpose of this article is to investigate the gentrification of communities surrounding Chedi Luang Worawiharn Temple, Sri Phum subdistrict, Muang district, Chiang Mai province, and to analyze changes in the gentrification phenomenon during the coronavirus disease 2019 situation. Data collection was composed of physical surveying, interviews, and questionnaires. Three major groups were interviewed including 18 persons from the original community, 15 newcomers, and 10 community leaders and government officials. The 268 questionnaires were sampled in three communities including the Phra Chao Mengrai Samakkhi community, the Chang Taem community, and the Phranon community. The study found that there is mostly commercial land use in all three communities. Most of the new occupants used to live in the central region. The study area has three stages of gentrification. The development process begins with the first stage, early development, and then completes development in the second stage, and lastly to the third stage, which is the community's adaptation to the emergence of the gentrification phenomenon. The study also discovered that, before the emergence of coronavirus disease in 2019, the communities were significantly impacted by the economy due to gentrification, such as increased living costs and rent/land prices. While the rise of commercial and service businesses is a beneficial result of gentrification. During coronavirus epidemics, certain localities witnessed population declines whereas land prices climbed with a stagnant economy, increased speculation, and a drop in commerce and services. However, gentrification improves better relationships between former inhabitants and newcomers for overcoming the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak.

Creative Movement and Anti-Gentrification: Learning from Los Tjihapit Market's Coffee in Bandung

The phenomenon of gentrification, driven by the presence of the creative class, is a consequence of the global implementation of the Creative City concept. Bandung has adopted this concept, and one of the areas developed by the creative class is the Cihapit Market area. This article examines how the "creative" community, specifically Kopi Pasar Los Tjihapit, sustains its business amidst gentrification through a placekeeping strategy. Participatory qualitative descriptive research methods were employed to explore the role of architectural space as part of the placekeeping strategy. Five strategies were identified: 1) zoning to support maintenance, 2) collaboration spaces for various partnerships, 3) space flexibility through collective decision-making, 4) collaborative spaces to encourage community involvement, and 5) coordination of all aspects to preserve the public market character. In conclusion, the success of creative placekeeping strategies in architectural spaces combines non-technical aspects such as community enthusiasm with technical aspects such as the arrangement of physical architectural elements.

Which characteristics represent the gentrification affected by parks? A study case in Nanjing, China

The provision of newly constructed parks in urban areas offers numerous benefits to residents but also gives rise to the phenomenon of green gentrification. Accurately defining the extent of park services, examining the characteristics of gentrification resulting from new parks, and identifying the key park features that contribute to gentrification are crucial for research. This study employs network analysis tools to determine the service area of new parks and utilizes data on the attributes of new parks in the central urban area of Nanjing, residential transaction data, POI data, and census data. A canonical correlation analysis is conducted to explore the canonical correlation between the characteristics of green gentrification and the attributes of the new parks. The findings reveal that the housing price premium, the proportion of high-end commercial places and the proportion of elderly population were the typical characteristics of green gentrification, with the correlations of −0.896, −0.530 and 0.415, respectively. In addition, park service facility density, park service facility type, park area and park perimeter are the key park characteristics that were easy to cause gentrification, and the correlations with the typical characteristic variables of newly built parks were 0.742, 0.657, −0.594 and −0.570, respectively. Based on these results, it is suggested that the house price premium best reflects the characteristics of green gentrification, while small parks with robust service capabilities can help mitigate the effects of green gentrification. The research findings provide novel strategies for alleviating gentrification resulting from the construction of new parks.

The Impact of Gentrification Phenomena in Thailand

The principal objective of this review paper was to study the impact of gentrification phenomena in Thailand using a research methodology combining a review of the existing literature and a desk analysis of case studies, focusing on two main interconnected contributions to debates on gentrification. First, understanding gentrification phenomena by examining the existing literature required a perspective on not only gentrification but also its stages and consequences. Second, particular attention was paid to the desk analysis of case studies of gentrification phenomena in Thailand to provide an overview and critical analysis. The results of this research show that gentrification has accelerated across the globe to become a central engine of urban development. Gentrification is a complex process that has significant and multifaceted impacts on urban communities. Gentrification can have positive impacts, such as improving the urban scenery by revitalising the neighbourhood’s blighted places and raising property values by making buildings more appealing and contemporary. However, gentrification can also have negative impacts due to critical issues that are neglected such as the displacement of original inhabitants, particularly vulnerable populations; the loss of tangible and intangible cultural heritage; social inequalities; environmental vulnerability; and inappropriate land consumption. All of these factors contribute to the fact that urban development in Thailand still runs into issues or roadblocks that keep it inefficient and unable to fully accomplish the intended objectives.

Gentrifying Yogyakarta through (online) culinary: Investigating youth practice and culinary space in @ke.jogja

Within contemporary contextualization, representation has transcended its traditional role as a mere reflection or symbol and has become a dynamic force that actively shapes and challenges material reality. This netnographic research outlines the dialogue between Instagram posts, as a contemporary mode of representation, and the construction of the material realm, as constituted by the youth demographic that predominantly engages with the social media platform. By examining the discursive investing framework, this research focuses on the use of Instagram by the popular culinary account @ke.jogja and its intersection with material development, specifically in the Yogyakarta region of Indonesia. Through Instagram's culinary posts, @ke.jogja is found to not only represent but also materially amplify the presence of youth-oriented culinary spaces, as it contributes significantly to the promotion and marketing of the aforementioned spaces. This symbolicto-material amplification emerges as a transformative force that significantly contributes to the phenomenon of culinary-based gentrification in the Yogyakarta region. The findings highlight the intricate relationship between Instagram culinary posts as symbolic and concrete material transformation in an urban landscape.

Managing Urban Green Areas: The Benefits of Collaborative Governance for Green Spaces

Urbanisation has had an impact on people’s livelihoods, and on social infrastructures as well as on the consumption of resources. In the last century, we have witnessed many transformations at the urban scale that in many cases led to the commodification and enclosure of public areas and, especially, green areas. With the turn of the millennium and following the adoption of the UN Agenda 2030, the trend has been partially reverted and cities in Europe are becoming progressively greener, although the phenomenon do not always bring positive societal outcomes and it is not able to re-distribute benefits among community members, promoting unequal access to green areas. Instead, in many cases the so-called green gentrification phenomenon has been identified as a primary societal challenge connected with urban regeneration projects. Building on this, the paper aims to find an answer to the question of whether or not the governance model adopted for urban green areas influences how benefits connected with ecosystem services are perceived by stakeholders and re-distributed at the community level. Based on the gaps highlighted in the theoretical background and direct observation of Biblioteca degli Alberi Milano (BAM), a recently developed urban park in Milan, an analytical framework was developed and tested. The results allow us to identify innovative practices for the management of green areas capable of maximising ecosystem services’ benefits beyond the intervention area. This will support the adaptability, replicability, and scalability of these initiatives while providing effective tools for practitioners and planners when developing a collaborative management model for urban green areas.

Transit-induced commercial gentrification: Causal inference through a difference-in-differences analysis of business microdata

A plethora of studies has explored the relationship between transit investments and property prices, but very little is known about how new transit projects and transit-oriented development affect nearby businesses and whether they contribute to commercial gentrification. This research presents a quasi-experimental econometric framework for studying transit-induced commercial gentrification from project announcement to post operation using business microdata. Previous urban economics and planning research informs the identification of retail and service business categories associated with the phenomenon of commercial gentrification, including local businesses, chain stores, and businesses offering non-essential or upscale products. Negative binomial models with a difference-in-differences specification enable the temporal and spatiotemporal analysis of business entries, exits, and turnover and the estimation of transit-induced impacts. The developed methodology is demonstrated through an empirical example: the study of the effects of the LYNX Blue light rail line in Charlotte, NC, over a 20-year period. Our study makes a significant contribution to the limited quantitative research on transit and commercial gentrification and is the first to focus on the causal relationship between the two. The application of the analysis framework to other metropolitan areas with transit systems in the future will inform transportation and urban planners on the type of businesses that could be primarily affected and the timing and extent of these effects, and help them design effective and targeted business assistance programs.

Farmers vs middle class. Social structure in peri-urban areas

The main subject of the article is process of rural gentrification. It shapes the rural social structure, and thus causes social, economic and cultural changes. Recent analyses conducted in Poland (based on the index of rural gentrification) indicate that this process is most advanced in rural peri-metropolitan areas. They are the optimal place to observe the transformations taking place as a result of rural gentrification process. In the article special attention will be paid precisely to farmers as a segment of the social structure. Their characteristics resulting from demographic and socio-professional differentiation in two types of counties (intensively gentrified and those in which the process of rural gentrification does not occur) will be discussed. The objective of this research is to elucidate the dynamics of agriculture and the farming community within the framework of the rural gentrification phenomenon. The analysis will be based on existing data (publicly available databases in, among others, the Central Statistical Office and the database of the “Social Diagnosis 2015” survey).

Climate gentrification: A conceptual framework and empirical evidence in the City of Gold Coast, Australia

The rising sea level induced by global climate change has increasingly threatened coastal cities. Human relocation and resettlement in the wake of sea level rise are subject to elevation, proximity to coasts, and the resilience of communities, possibly leading to the change of socioeconomic profiles of neighbourhoods and the emergence of a new urban phenomenon termed climate gentrification . This study aims to propose a tri-disciplinary conceptual framework integrating social, environmental, and urban sciences to explore the potential existence of climate gentrification. Through an empirical study in a coastal city of Gold Coast, Australia, we first identify suburbs that are undergoing gentrification based on demographic and socioeconomic indicators. We then statistically test whether the level of gentrification is associated with the built environment and natural environment factors, in particular, the level of risk to sea level rise. The empirical findings show that the multi-dimensional determinants of social, built and natural environment features collectively affect the potential formation and spatial evolution of climate gentrification in this rapidly evolving coastal city through its push and pull effects. Our study contributes to ongoing literature by conceptualising as well as operationalising a multi-dimensional framework to study the emerging climate gentrification phenomenon. • Climate gentrification is conceptualised to emerge in coastal cities in the era of climate change. • A tri-disciplinary framework is constructed to explore the mechanisms driving climate gentrification. • Social, built and natural environments collectively affect the emergence of climate gentrification. • Gentrification exists in the City of Gold Coast, Australia, which can be potentially attributable to climate change. • Sea level rise may lead to spatial inequality in residential relocation and climate gentrification.

Gentrification in the Command Economy: A Story of Pyongyang Metropolitan Area in North Korea

Background and objective: Gentrification generally refers to changes in residents or operators in neighborhoods by investment in capital, a phenomenon in which wealthy or young professionals replace existing residents or operators in socioeconomic terms. Although conducted mainly in capitalist cities, some studies dealt with socialist systems or state-led gentrification. We intended to demonstrate the gentrification in North Korean by examining the cases of the socialist system and state-led gentrification and looking at urban development and urban space restructuring in Pyongyang Metropolitan Area in North Korea.Methods: To build up methodological framework of the study, we reviewed previous literature that deals with gentrification in capitalist cities, socialist systems, and state-led planning. About the gentrification phenomenon in North Korea, we examined secondary data of North Korea refugee interviews with North Korea government documents and research papers about Pyongyang's building and real estate development. Then, we compared gentrification in capitalist cities, socialist systems (or state-led planning), and North Korea.Results: Gentrification in capitalist cities, socialist system and North Korea differs in their enabling conditions, gentrifying agents, gentrifiers, and processes. National and local governments, usually with the North Korea communist party, play a leading role as gentrifying agents through their public policy. In the gentrification processes, there is an increasing gap between rich and poor and spatial separation between them, especially when displaced households being pushed out of town in North Korea.Conclusion: Urban development and apartment construction in Pyongyang shows the possibility of developing into existing gentrification, and if the private sector that leads gentrification occurs and at the same time, spatial replacement by privileged or upper classes appears, it will be clear that it is a kind of gentrification under the command economy.

Multilevel analysis of a gentrification process in a spanish medium-sized city: the case of A Coruña

This article has deconstructed the general phenomenon of gentrification in the historic centre of A Coruña in two models. On the one hand, a model based on social class promotion, symbolic capital and economic status in the Cidade Vella. On the other hand, the neighbourhood of Orzán as a transformation process resulting from a phenomenon of commercial gentrification based on two interrelated processes: first, the demand for new places of consumption and entertainment and second, the material devaluation of the neighbourhood. In this regard, this work brings a new dimension to the global debate around commercial gentrification.

Commercial gentrification in China and its distribution, development, and correlates: The case of Chengdu

Within the Anglo-American literature, commercial, along with residential, gentrification has often been treated as an attendant neighborhood phenomenon. This study aims to uncover the distribution of areas for emerging consumption that indicate the occurrence of commercial gentrification, as well as to explain the development process and spatial correlations of commercial gentrification in Chengdu, a large Chinese city. With the data of points of interest (POIs), the study categorizes new retail places for commercial gentrification and conducts spatial and statistical analyses. The following findings are revealed: First, the distribution of new retail places changed from a monocentric to a polycentric structure in the main urban areas of Chengdu from 2010 to 2020, wherein high-density areas were partially overlapped with traditional commercial centers. Second, commercial gentrification in Chengdu was presented by the fastest growth of the entertainment services in the 2010s. Third, commercial gentrification in Chengdu shifted from a centripetal to a centrifugal development pattern from 2010 to 2020. The geographies of development were variegated, connected with multiple location attributes and impacted by local governments’ urban development strategies. Fourth, commercial gentrification was positively correlated with the growth of knowledge-intensive industries but negatively related to the change in both traditionally secondary and tertiary sectors in the past decade. Finally, changes in housing prices showed no connection with commercial gentrification during the studied period. The study suggests that commercial gentrification should be treated as a phenomenon of industrial gentrification, independent of residential gentrification. The commercial spatial planning in the city should play close attention to the synergic and exclusive relations between new retail industries and the evolution of industrial spaces in the emerging post-industrial city economy.

The Rural Gentrification and Its Impacts in Traditional Villages―A Case Study of Xixinan Village, in China

Since the reform and opening up in 1978, China has experienced a rapid urbanization process, with an increasing urban population. In recent years, with the improvement of the rural living environment and the rise of the urban middle class, more and more people have moved from cities to villages in China. The gentrification phenomenon has also emerged in rural China. This paper takes Xixinan Village, a traditional village in China, as a case. On the basis of field investigation, it employs qualitative research methods and grounded theory to explore the emergence and influence of rural gentrification in the traditional village. The finding show that: (1) the rural gentrification in Xixinan Village was divided into two stages, namely, the setting-in stage of immigrants (2009–2014) and the rural gentrification development stage (2015–present). (2) The impacts of rural gentrification in Xixinan Village primarily include four aspects: population growth, landscape change, economic transformation and cultural transformation. The increased population mainly includes the urban lifestyle type of gentrifiers, new rural construction type of gentrifiers and returning home entrepreneurial type of gentrifiers. The landscape change is mainly manifested in the spatial form of villages, housing landscape, street landscape and other aspects. The economic transformation is manifested in the rapid development of rural tourism services and cultural industry in Xixinan. In addition, with the influx of the new urban middle class, new aesthetic methods and cultural vitality have emerged in Xixinan Village. (3) The rural gentrification and its impacts in Xixinan Village can be interpreted from three perspectives, i.e., consumption orientation, production orientation and the unique role of the government. Furthermore, the limitations of the study are briefly analyzed, and the “displacement” problem caused by rural gentrification in China needs follow-up research in the future.

KENTSEL DÖNÜŞÜM ALANINDA YAYIMLANMIŞ COĞRAFYA LİTERATÜRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ulusal ve uluslararası literatürde kentsel dönüşüm alanında ortaya konulmuş coğrafi araştırmaları, konusal ve metodolojik bağlamda değerlendirmektir. Araştırma nitel yöntem ile tasarlanmış ve doküman analizleri çalışmanın şekillenmesinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Literatür taraması yapılırken ulusal ve uluslararası veri tabanlarında anahtar kavramlar kullanılarak taramalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. İncelenen literatürdeki ilk bulgulara göre uluslararası literatürde coğrafyacıların konuya yönelik eğilimleri daha eski bir tarihe kadar temellendirilebilirken ulusal literatürde ise günümüze yakın bir döneme rastladığı anlaşılmıştır. Ulusal literatürde kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları arazideki sosyomekânsal unsurlara odaklanmışken, uluslararası literatürde ise kentsel dönüşüm sonucunda meydana gelen soylulaştırma olgusu dikkat çekmektedir. Metodolojik açıdan ise incelenen eserlerde nitel araştırma yöntemi ve durum (vaka) çalışması deseni ile hazırlanan çalışmaların ön plana çıktığı tespit edilmiştir.

Food, Gentrification and Located Life Plans

Even though the phenomenon of gentrification is ever-growing in contemporary urban contexts, especially in high income countries, it has been mostly overlooked by normative political theorists and philosophers. In this paper we examine the normative dimensions of gentrification through the lens of food. By drawing on Huber and Wolkenstein’s (Huber and Wolkenstein, Politics, Philosophy & Economics 17:378–397, 2018) work, we use food as an example to illustrate the multiple ways in which life plans can be located and to argue that both existing residents and newcomers have an interest in occupancy rights. More specifically, while newcomers have an interest in moving freely to new neighbourhoods in order to purse their preferred life plans, they also have an interest in being able to continue to pursue those life plans once they have acquired them, and this requires occupancy rights and the implementation of measures aimed at regulating and slowing down gentrification. Moreover, when residents belong to already disadvantaged groups, more significant anti-gentrification measures can be implemented in order to prevent injustices from being compounded.

Building a Diagnostic Model for the Development Phase of Gentrification in the Original City Centers of the Provinces in Korea

Recently, gentrification has occurred not only in Seoul, the capital, but also nationwide in Korea. In other countries such as the United States and Europe, it occurs in various areas such as housing, commerce, and culture, but in Korea, it occurs in most commercial areas. In addition, the resulting social problems are also very serious, and the pace of occurrence and progress is also very fast. The present study was conducted on Korean cities, especially local cities where gentrification occurred due to the government’s urban regeneration project. A system was established to analyze the occurrence phenomenon from a supply perspective and a demand perspective, and to synthesize them to predict the stages that proceed when gentrification occurs by period. Through this, it will be possible to observe and predict gentrification phenomena and respond in advance.