Literary Genre Research Articles

Types of Conceptualization of Horror in the Genres of Country Noir and Southern Gothic

The relevance of considering the semantic content of the concept of horror, which connects the genres of country noir and southern gothic into a single subsystem of cultural semiotics, is due to the need for a more detailed study of the specifics of both the generalizing concept itself and its role in specific genres of literature and cinema. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to trace the features of the semantic registers of disclosing various types of horror in the philosophical and hermeneutic field of the genres of country noir and southern gothic. To do this, 1) the theoretical foundations for the conceptualization of horror in these genres are determined and the key elements and mechanisms of concept implementation are identified; 2) the narrative and metaphorical series of deployment of the concepts are analyzed within the framework of the lifeworlds of the characters in literary texts constructed by the authors; 3) philosophical and hermeneutic layers through which these concepts are revealed in selected genres are identified. The research methods are based on philosophical-hermeneutic, conceptual, and narrative approaches in the analysis of a number of works, chosen by their genre and the degree of their relevance for a particular type of conceptualization of horror. For example, the works No Country for Old Men by Cormac McCarthy, Winter’s Bone by Daniel Woodrell, The Salt of the Earth by Flannery O’Connor, The Last Good Kiss by James Crumley, The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner, as well as the movie What Josiah Saw. The sequence of works referred to in the text is determined by the sequence of presentation of the types of the concept of horror. As a result of the study, the hypothesis was confirmed that the conceptualization of horror as a violation of the usual course of determination reveals itself in three versions of the ontologizing of this experience: horror of an uncertain world (determination dependent on the frame of perception of the subject, acting as an expression of the radical external, outside the power of the subject), horror of an indefinite self (determined as the order of the surrounding world with uncertainty in the inner world of the individual), horror of invasion (determination to displace each other). The conclusion is that the study of horror as a result of a violation of the usual course of determination in the context of country noir and southern gothic allows not only to identify their implicit philosophical and cultural component, but also to better understand these genres, as well as expand the theoretical basis for the analysis of similar phenomena in other cultural and literary traditions.

Ficção científica - breve panorama histórico

This text is divided into two parts: in Part I we address the origins of science fiction and its international and national historical context, and in Part II we address the works considered relevant to the genre in the international and national scenarios, its themes and subgenres. In each of these parts, there are subdivisions organized as follows: Science fiction: a new literary genre; Historical context of the emergence of science fiction; Science fiction in Brazil (Part I); Works considered relevant on the international scene; Works considered relevant on the national scene; Science fiction themes and subgenres (Part II).

The tale and the enchantment: approach to the popular tale in the textbook from the perspective of BNCC and Literary Literacy

This article aims to present the traditional oral folktale and how this literary genre is approached in textbooks. It is the result of a research of a basic nature that aims to explain in a quantitative and qualitative way the approach to the folktale in these manuals. The research was carried out through a bibliographic survey on popular tale, such as studies by Propp (2010), Jolles (1976), Dundes (1996), Cascudo (2004), Romero (2008), Lima (2005) among others. The teaching of literature was also discussed from the perspective of how the BNCC (BRASIL, 2018) addresses the importance of the folktale in the classroom, specific guidelines for this modality of Popular Literature are presented, since the oral story enriches the our cultural identity. As a theoretical framework, we used studies by Cosson (2021) and Coenga (2010) on literary literacy to analyze the sampling of selected textbooks. The analysis of 51 manuals showed that the approach to folk tales in these books does not satisfactorily promote literary literacy, therefore, it is necessary for this genre to be approached in a more efficient way, considering the aesthetic aspects of folk tales.

Minor characters, genre, and relationality: Antigone’s sister in contemporary literature

This essay investigates the distinction between major and minor characters by analysing the contemporary literary reception of a minor figure from one of the most canonical works in world literature: Ismene, Antigone’s sister in Sophocles’s Antigone. While Sophocles’s tragedy continues to elicit a startling number of rewritings and adaptations, the last two decades have seen a remarkable increase in rewritings which bring the heroine’s sister Ismene, a minor character in the original play, to the forefront. This multilingual, multi-generic, world literary corpus engages with Ismene’s relationship to heroism and sacrifice, moving away from tragedy and instead turning to a variety of genres: monologues, short stories, non-tragic plays, comedies, as well as hybrid forms that incorporate intermedial references. While much has been written about postcolonial and feminist rewritings of canonical Western texts, very little has been said about the attachments which secondary figures might elicit in peripheral literatures and minor authors. This focus, as this essay will show, helps refine notions of agency, solidarity, and connectivity in theories of the minor. The analysis presented here underscores the aesthetic, generic, and political implications of the revisionary representation of minor figures by contrasting Jeremy Menekseoglu’s theatrical rewriting Ismene (US, 2004) and Lot Vekemans’s monologue Zus van (Sister of, The Netherlands, 2005) as two distinct modes of engaging with Ismene as a paradigmatic minor figure. Pursuing the genre-theoretical and political questions raised by what Jeremy Rosen has termed “minor-character elaborations”, this essay identifies the practice of rewriting as a key literary strategy to decentre the major position of certain figures and genres in world literature. In dialogue with Rosen’s theoretical work, I argue for an aesthetic, enunciative, stylistic understanding of genre, which is best able to raise both the question of the minor character and that of minor-character elaborations within debates surrounding the minor.

Предрассудок как предмет междисциплинарного исследования

The subject of the study is the phenomenon of prejudice, studied in various specialized discourses and con-texts – linguistic, philosophical and psychological. In this regard, the problem under study can quite reasonably be attributed to the objects of multidisciplinary research. An attempt has been made to consider and rethink the well-known term and the problems behind it in a fairly wide field of view. An additional objective of the study is to justify the need to rethink both the very nature of prejudice and the role it actually plays. In accordance with the aim of the study, a wide range of methods was used, used in specific local areas, but requiring a certain general unifying methodological link, technique or principle. This, according to the author, is the so-called sys-temic or rational eclecticism, used in various fields of humanities. Its use allowed, within certain limits, to com-bine ideas contained in relatively localized scientific fields, as well as to turn to artistic and literary genres of creativity as an illustrative background. The main conclusion of the study was the proposition that the phenom-enon of prejudice contains not only a negative emotional and affective connotation, but can also be used as an effective tool to counter undesirable phenomena in specific cognitive, psychological, sociocultural discourses and areas of behavior. The main result that can be used in solving actual specific cognitive, ideological and behavioral problems is proposed to understand the phenomenon of prejudice, where an unprejudiced attitude should be formed towards the prejudice itself, that is, this would mean actually getting rid of prejudice in the opinion regarding the prejudice itself as a phenomenon.

Tongues of Trauma: Narrating through Code-Switching Typhoon Haiyan in Daryll Delgado’s Remains

ABSTRACT This article explores the deliberate use of code-switching in Daryll Delgado’s novel Remains (2019), which narrates the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. Through this reading, I argue that the alternation of various languages such as Filipino, Waray and English in the novel enhances the development of its characters, setting and narrative structure to access a kind of trauma that resists being signified by one language. I posit that the code-switching within the novel goes beyond the literary genre’s propensity for heteroglossia and instead situates trauma as a moment of convergence and interruption. Moreover, such linguistic motion between languages supplements the gaps of the unspeakable trauma of survivors and witnesses. As an ethic, code-switching’s deployment carefully accesses trauma from the material and intangible debris of the catastrophe. Remains complicates trauma within the work of languages traversing the local and global, and the real and the imagined, in order to disclose wounds exacerbated by both imperial and environmental violence.

Mourning in selected contemporary amharic novel: A meta-psychological perspective

This research delves into the poignant realm of mourning within the Amharic novel "Yäqənat Zār" ("Zār of Jealousy"). Using a psychoanalytic lens, it explores how characters grapple with loss and how grief shapes their lives. By drawing upon diverse theories of mourning, melancholia, grief, and attachment, the study sheds light on the causes and complex emotional consequences of loss. Characters in "Yäqənat Zār" become poignant canvases for depicting mourning. Their shifting behaviors, marked by self-blame, death wishes, and a sense of paralysis, paint a vivid picture of internal turmoil. This research unveils the underlying triggers of such profound grief, often rooted in melancholia born from sudden losses of loved ones and perceived mistakes in relationships. The study illuminates the devastating potential of unprocessed grief, demonstrating how it can lead to acts of self-destruction and even death. This exploration paves the way for further investigations into the multifaceted concept of grieving within Amharic literature. The call for research using diverse theoretical frameworks and venturing beyond "Yäqənat Zār" to encompass other literary genres promises to enrich our understanding of this universal human experience within the unique context of Amharic literature.

The effectiveness of Grade 3 teachers’ implementation of poetry through play pedagogies

Background: Poetry predates all other genres of literature, and it has been argued that the relationship between poetry and language is inextricable. The ability of African people to articulate their own stories was largely silenced by colonialism. Poems and lyrics have been known to create a bridge between individuals in meaningful words and songs.Aim: This article explores Grade 3 teachers’ experiences of teaching poetry and their utilisation of play pedagogies to enhance learning and make it pleasurable.Setting: Three schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, were purposively selected because of their rural location. The sample comprised six Grade 3 teachers who worked in these three rural primary schools. The learners in the study were using isiZulu as a language of learning and teaching.Methods: Semi-structured interviews, document analysis and non-participant observations were employed to generate the data.Results: Regardless, Grade 1 teachers know their knowledge of the value of play pedagogies in the development of young children.Conclusion: Researchers suggest that Grade 3 teachers need to align their practice and lesson plans with Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) proposals and guidelines. Moreover, play pedagogies need to be implemented and these need to be realistically aligned with allocated time frames and available resources to mitigate the severe restraints that impede effective poetry teaching as a tool for facilitating learning.Contribution: To ensure the success of all Grade 3 learners in the realm of poetry understanding and writing, it is imperative that Foundation Phase (FP) teachers align their teaching to the CAPS pedagogies to expose learners to various forms of poetry.

APPLYING VLADIMIR PROPP’S MORPHOLOGY OF THE FOLKTALE TO NICHOLAS SPARKS’ "THE LUCKY ONE"

The novel as a literary genre appeared in the eighteenth century with the rise of the mid-class as a form of entertainment. Nickola Spark is one of the modern American novelists. He is a New York Times bestseller author with over eighty million international copies in forty-five languages. The researcher aims to examine Spark’s “The Lucky One” (2008) according to the Russian folklorist and scholar Vladimir Propp’s Morphology of the Folktale (1927). Even though Propp's theory used to apply to folktales, some researchers apply it to novels, such as Nursantia (2003), entitled "The Moral Aspect in Joseph Conrad's 'Heart of Darkness'" and Salmah (2004) in his thesis entitled "The Moral Forms in Charles Dickens's 'Our Mutual Friend'". Thus, the lack of applying Propp's theory on novels in general and modern text in specific encourages the researcher to fill this gap in the study by applying Propp's Morphology of the Folktale to a modern novel, “The Lucky One” (2008). Trying to answer the following research questions: 1) Is it possible to apply Vladimir Propp’s Morphology of the Folktale (1927) to Nicholas Spark’s novel “The Lucky One”? 2) What are the good and bad morals portrayed by the main characters in “The Lucky One”? 3)How many features of Propp’s thirty-one features can be found in Nickola Spark’s “The Lucky One”?

THE BASICS OF WORLD-BUILDING IN THE WORKS OF THE FANTASY GENRE

The article presents the theoretical foundations of world building in the genre of fantasy literature. In the context of the general category of fantasy literature, the creation of worlds is closely interrelated with science fiction. Consideration of the construction of the world can be divided into various aspects, depending on the point of view of the researcher. Some scientists divide into micro and macro levels, while others, without dividing it into two categories, analyze geography, biology, magic and culture in a single system. Practical guides for authors of fantasy literature describe in detail the process of world-building. The article examines the main groups that coincide among various researchers and authors of fantastic works, as well as variants of the worlds created by the authors. Such worlds include fictional, fictional, historical, or alternative worlds, as well as the original Earth. These categories of worlds fully or partially correspond to fantasy genres, revealing the main goals and intentions of the author. The influence of culture and the real world on the formation of the fictional world plays a special role. Fantasy is an excellent platform for exploring and uncovering the problems we face on a daily basis.

GENRE FEATURES OF MODERN NON-FICTION LITERATURE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BOOK "DREAM OF ANTARCTIC" BY MARKIYAN PROKHASKO)

The end of the 20th – the beginning of the 21st century is characterized by the fact that during this period, interest in non-fiction literature – a special literary genre of documentary prose, which is based on real events, without fiction or conjecture – begins to grow actively. Facts are presented through the imaginative perception of the world by the author of the work. Therefore, in our opinion, this genre can still be called “documentary journalism of life”. Non-fiction has gained particular popularity over the past few years. This is connected, first of all, with the events that are taking place, namely: with the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. Collections of books about the war, the Maidan, and the Revolution of Dignity are published, as well as books that have become bestsellers in the world of psychology, travel journalism, and literature. The article examines the issue of genre features of the book “Dream of Antarctica”, which is an example of modern non-fiction literature. It is clarified why the diffusion of genres is a part of the analyzed book, and how the author combines features of other genres in one work.

MOTIFS OF FAIRY TALES AND LEGENDS IN THE POEMS OF SAPARGALI BEGALIN

This article examines and analyzes the trace of legends and legends in the poems of the outstanding representative of Kazakh children's literature Sapargali Begalin. The purpose of the article is to separate the poet's poems from other works based on the plot of the legend, to study modernity in a new way, to popularize the creative aspect of the poet. Because the works of Sapargali Begalin, who made a significant contribution to Kazakh children's literature, are still classified by genre and are not considered separately. In the article, S. Begalina's poems Begalina «Kyran kegi», «Ur, tokpak», «Syrly kaynar», were analyzed and the specifics of the creation were determined. In the poet's poems, it was studied how he skillfully painted such scenes as the creation of images of characters, the disclosure of their spiritual world. Sapargali Begalin is a poet who has not gained a pen in all spheres of the literary genre. Having started his work by writing poetry, the writer, who also focused on heavy epic works, left behind prose works. The thematic area covering the creative heritage is very extensive, the genre character is complex, rich in artistic features, the main idea of his works, the elaboration of his work require many years of painstaking work. The works of this rich testator, which marked the beginning of today's scientific work, are part of a great work.

Big data meets storytelling: using machine learning to predict popular fanfiction

Fanfictions are a popular literature genre in which writers reuse a universe, for example to transform heteronormative relationships with queer characters or to bring romance into shows focused on horror and adventure. Fanfictions have been the subject of numerous studies in text mining and network analysis, which used Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to compare fanfictions with the original scripts or to make various predictions. In this paper, we use NLP to predict the popularity of a story and examine which features contribute to popularity. This endeavor is important given the rising use of AI assistants and the ongoing interest in generating text with desirable characteristics. We used the main two websites to collect fan stories (Fanfiction.net and Archives Of Our Own) on Supernatural, which has been the subject of numerous scholarly works. We extracted high-level features such as the main character and sentiments from 79,288 of these stories and used the features in a binary classification supported by tree-based methods, ensemble methods (random forest), neural networks, and Support Vector Machines. Our optimized classifiers correctly identified popular stories in four out of five cases. By relating features to classification outcomes using SHAP values, we found that fans prefer longer stories with a wider vocabulary, which can inform the prompts of AI chatbots to continue generating such successful stories. However, we also observed that fans wanted stories unlike the original material (e.g., favoring romance and disliking when characters are hurt), hence AI-powered stories may be less popular if they strictly follow the original material of a show.

Applying Lessons From Ars Moriendi to Foster Dying Well in Acute Care Settings.

Medical and technological advances have made it possible to keep people alive well beyond what was once possible, leading health care providers to focus on life-sustaining measures rather than questioning the futility of such measures and considering quality of life. In the midst of the struggle to foster dying well in a medicalized environment, acute care nurses may be challenged with shifting the focus to providing optimal end-of-life care because of lack of training, time, and resources. A remedy for the current western societal approach to medicalized dying is to look back in history to a time during the late Middle Ages, when death was an accepted part of medieval life. A literary genre called Ars Moriendi (translated "the art of dying") was written and illustrated to provide instruction on how to die well and how to care for the dying. Nurses can apply lessons from this text to fulfill the ethical obligation to practice with dignity and provide compassionate end-of-life care. These lessons include helping patients and families identify goals of care and accept finitude, encouraging the participation of loved ones at the bedside, and fostering reconciliation at the end of life.

„Przeczucie. Gawęda o szarej godzinie” Józefa Bohdana Dziekońskiego jako literacka realizacja kategorii fantastyczności i fantazmatyczności

The article aims to analyze the fantastic and phantasmatic nature of the novella Premonition. The Tale at the Grey Hour by Józef Bohdan Dziekoński (1816–1855) within the latest definitional contexts of these terms, which are often overlooked or completely unused in the research on this writer. In the first part, the author reviews recent attempts to define the essence of 'fantasy' in Dziekoński’s works as per well-known researchers such as Antoni Gromadzki and Michał Szargot, while also acknowledging the contributions of new or yet unrecognized scholars, and then supplements these conclusions. Furthermore, the author incorporates the concept of 'phantasm' as explored in Maria Janion’s study On Phantasmatic Criticism, which has not yet been applied in research on Dziekoński’s works. The second part is devoted to the analysis and interpretation of the fantastic and phantasmatic character of Dziekoński’s little-known novella Premonition. The Tale at the Grey Hour. In applying the theoretical issues from the first part to the reading of this story, the author highlights the novella’s significance, where the ideals and worldview of the writer are embodied. This underscores the researcher's belief in Dziekoński’s ideological consistency evident in his literary works. Dziekoński’s reflections on fantasy as a literary genre, or a broadly understood method of literary expression, are also discussed. According to him, fantasy literature must fulfill specific socio-cultural criteria to properly align with its era and gain acceptance. The novella Premonition. The Tale at the Grey Hour exemplifies the author’s implementation of these ideas and worldviews, a point strongly emphasized in the article.

The Patent Law Origins of Science Fiction

This Article reveals the surprising role of patent law in shaping the literary genre of science fiction. Drawing on previously unpublished sources, the Article shows that Hugo Gernsback— the so-called “father” of science fiction who started the first all-science-fiction magazine in 1926—believed that works of science fiction are analogous to patents. Like patents, science fiction stories can disclose useful information to the public about new inventions. Like patents, science fiction stories can influence future inventors and drive innovation. Gernsback went even further, positing that some of the inventions depicted in science fiction should themselves be patentable. In 1952, he urged Congress to reform the Patent Act to make so-called “Provisional Patents” available to science fiction authors who depicted major technological developments before their time. He argued that science fiction authors who filed for Provisional Patents should get an extra thirty years in which to show their invention worked. If they could do so, they would thereafter be able to obtain an ordinary patent, to last another twenty years. Many will find Gernsback’s proposal deeply problematic from the perspective of patent policy, and rightly so. Granting patent rights too early in an invention’s lifecycle creates new and unjustified opportunities to hold up innovation. A science fiction author who obtained a Provisional Patent for a theoretical invention could crawl out of the woodwork half a century later and sue the very people who figured out how to make the invention work. Gernsback’s ideas for patent reform were half-baked and, the Article shows, probably self-serving. Nonetheless, exploring the connection he cultivated between patents and science fiction yields many surprising insights for science fiction and for innovation policy. Science fiction has more in common with patents than it might seem. Although science fiction does not typically impart enough information to “enable” others to make and use the inventions it describes, science fiction can inspire readers and supply them with a motivation—in Gernsback’s words, a “stimulus”—to implement science fictional inventions in the real world. Science fiction, like patents, can play a role in promoting innovation.

The Evolution of the Sonnet as a Genre: Tracing Its Development and Influential Sources

This article explores the evolution of the sonnet genre in Uzbek literature, tracing its origins from European literature, particularly the Petrarchan and Shakespearean traditions, to its manifestation in the works of Uzbek poets such as Barot Boyqabilov and Rauf Parfi. Utilizing comparative analysis, the study examines the structural and thematic adaptations of the sonnet form in Uzbek poetry, highlighting the influences of both European models and indigenous innovations. Results demonstrate the diverse approaches adopted by Uzbek poets in reimagining the sonnet, showcasing a synthesis of traditional forms with unique cultural expressions. This research sheds light on the dynamic interplay between global literary traditions and local artistic practices, contributing to a deeper understanding of cross-cultural literary exchange and innovation. Highlights: Cross-Cultural Sonnet Adoption: Sonnet's European origin influenced Russian, Turkish, and Uzbek poetry, demonstrating its cross-cultural adaptability. Literary Influence and Innovation: Uzbek poets like Boyqabilov and Parfi expanded the sonnet genre, inspired by Petrarch and Shakespeare. Sustaining Tradition and Individual Expression: Uzbek poets blended European tradition with personal themes, enriching Uzbek poetry's cultural tapestry. Keywords: Sonnet, Petrarch's Style, Genre Transformation

Introduction: the aesthetic agency of minor literature

This introductory essay traces a genealogy of the notion of the minor in critical theories of the past four decades to then articulate the notion’s aesthetic dimension. Foregrounding that dimension, we argue, offers a powerful analytical tool for fostering a dialogue between world literature and postcolonial studies. Through a critical survey of the important work of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Abdul R. JanMohamed and David Lloyd, Pascale Casanova, Françoise Lionnet and Shu-mei Shih, as well as David Damrosch and Bergur Rønne Moberg, we contend that these theoretical formulations of the minor have rarely lived up to their methodological promise to articulate creativity, change, and solidarity in ways that are in the final instance not determined by vertical opposition to the major or by an overly restrictive account of aesthetic agency. Going back to the work of Kafka that is so central to Casanova’s and to Deleuze and Guattari’s account of the minor, we retrieve the figure of Odradek and propose to read it as instantiating a self-reflexive aesthetic intervention that configures its own relation to political constraints. This insistence on aesthetic agency, we submit, challenges and complements both Deleuze and Guattari’s groundbreaking philosophical and political account of the minor and world literature’s focus on circulation and postcolonial studies’ emphasis on sociohistorical contexts. The introductory essay concludes by presenting the six essays that make up the special issue, and emphasizes the ways in which these essays’ attention to the formal and imaginative devices of the minor pluralize the notion by articulating not only minor literatures and languages, but also literary figures (children, women, sisters, queer men), genres (short story cycles, flash fiction, buried laments), and literary practices (indirect translation, diasporic publication, rewriting, adaptation) in ways that capitalize on the aesthetic agency of the minor.

Modernity here and there, a response to comments on The Life and Death of States

ABSTRACT This text responds to the review forum on The Life and Death of States featuring Clara Maier, Kathryn Ciancia, Charles Maier, and Nathaniel Berman. It considers the place of Central Europe and the Habsburg Empire in our geographies of the modern world. Rather than hopelessly hamstrung by backwardness, the empire and its subjects were, in Clara Maier’s words, “simply struggling more insistently than complacent Westerners with the perplexities of the modern condition.” The text also considers questions of the post-colonial and the post-imperial, literary genre, and the relationship between conceptual clarity and political legitimacy.

An overview of Ada Jafri’s Autobiography “Jo Rahi So Bekhabri Rahi”

Ada Jafri is one of the greatest writers who presented the essence of her art in the form of poetry as well as in prose. She holds a special position amongst the pioneers of modern Urdu and is also called the first lady of poetry. Apart from poetry, she also experimented with an important genre of literature, Aap Beti (autobiography). In her autobiography, “Jo Rahi So Bekhabri Rahi” Ada Jafri has appeared in a different style. Through this autobiography, she has described the educational and social problems faced by women before the establishment of Pakistan, as well as the culture and civilization of that time. The purpose of this research article is to provide readers with historical, cultural and tourist information in the light of Ada Jafri’s autobiography and to highlight the importance of autobiography in literature.