Speech Genres Research Articles

Metaphorical models of the SHAME concept based on the speech genre of online confession

Metaphorical models of the SHAME concept based on the speech genre of online confession

Soviet slogan as a format and a speech genre

Soviet slogan as a format and a speech genre

A importância do aprofundamento teórico-metodológico na formação docente e nas produções de materiais didáticos dialógicos no curso de Letras

The Bakhtinian approach has been present in Brazilian official curricular documents since the 1990s. However, its pedagogical appropriation has been guided by the linguistic structure to the detriment of social interaction (Faraco, 2009), demanding efforts in Portuguese school subject teacher training. In this article, the objective is to show how the dialogic discourse theory deepening can contribute to teaching materials production, based on Portuguese language major training experience at the University of São Paulo in 2020. In this experience, the theoretical-methodological approach includes the concepts of speech genres (Bakhtin, 2016 [1952-1953]) and theme (Volóchinov, 2018 [1929]) and on the production of didactic proposals aligned with the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) (Brasil, 2018) and with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (Unesco, 2017). In this work, we analyze the proposal “Gênero do discurso e produção de texto: editorial” [“Speech genres and text production: editorial”], identifying the authors' observance of Bakhtinian discursive referents: i) sphere/field of human activity; ii) speech genre; iii) its relative stability; iv) multiple voices in statements; v) thematic totality. The results indicate dialogical quality in the material with the presence of elements that express social dynamics, confirming the relevance of theoretical deepening and its practical application in undergraduate teacher training.

Conversational networks: prophets and kings in the Old Testament

Abstract This article analyzes discourse in the Old Testament in terms of the frequency of direct speech between the main characters. We visualize the speakers, the hearers, and the amount of conversation between them in graphs known as conversational networks. We investigate whether these networks can help identify speech genres and significant relationships between biblical kings, prophets, and God. In an analysis on three books in the Minor Prophets, the networks are shown to reveal differences in book structure and speech genres including prophetic call, prayer, vision report, judgment speech, and historical narrative. In an analysis on the books of Samuel and King, the networks are shown to capture the web of relationships between kings and prophets, as well as divine communication with kings and prophets. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a comparison between these networks and their counterparts in Chronicles can visualize some major content differences identified in biblical research. These findings are expected to promote conversational networks as a visualization tool to support quantitative discourse analysis in the Bible.

SOCIAL NETWORKS FOR EDUCATORS AND SCIENTISTS IN ASPECT OF LINGUIST PERSONOLOGY: SPEECH GENRES OF IMAGE CREATION

The article analyzes the main speech genres of posts on the Facebook social network that present the personal image of scientists and educators. The purpose of the research is to determine and characterize the peculiarities of the presentation of the professional image of scientists and educators in social networks in terms of the use of speech genres. The object of the research is the verbal content of the network discourse, and the subject of the research is the linguistic means of representing the linguistic personality in the network discourse. The material for the analysis was the open personal pages of Ukrainian scientists and educators in the Facebook, in particular the actual verbal content for the year 2024. In total, more than 100 profiles of Ukrainian scientists and educators were analyzed.It is proven that the linguistic personality of a scientist and educator is formed primarily in the process of professional activity and socialization, and its presentation in social networks involves the creation of author’s content, active participation in professional communities and interaction with colleagues. The main form of presentation of a professional image is a personal page that combines verbal and non-verbal content. Within the limits of verbal content, the main means of forming a professional image is an original post in which different speech genres are distinguished. The most common speech genres representing verbal content on the personal page of a scientist and educator are a report and an announcement. Both genres are informative and are designed to acquaint the public with the achievements and activities of the content author. Ritual genres and dialogic interaction with colleagues are represented to a lesser extent. The least frequent is the analytical genre, which has features of argumentative discourse. In addition to original posts, scientists and educators share other users’ posts on social networks, participate as commentators in the discussion of current problems, in particular within the framework of specialized virtual communities.

STRUCTURE AND SEMANTICS OF THE INAUGURAL SPEECH IN THE PRESIDENTIAL DISCOURSE (ON THE MATERIAL IN UKRAINIAN, POLISH, SLOVAK AND SERBIAN LANGUAGES)

The article is devoted to the study of structural and semantic features of the main speech genre of presidential rhetoric — the inaugural speech. We characterized the main approaches to defining the speech genre and highlighted the structural components of the inaugural speech in political discourse. The purpose of the study is to reveal the structural and semantic features of the presidents’ inaugural speeches presented in Slavic languages (Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak and Serbian). The object of the research is the presidential discourse implemented in the speech activity of the presidents of Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia and Serbia. The subject of the study is the structural components and semantic features of the inaugural speeches in the presidential discourse. We analyzed the inaugural speeches of the presidents who held this position in the first half of 2024: Volodymyr Zelensky (Ukraine), Andrzej Duda (Republic of Poland), Zuzana Čaputová (Slovak Republic), Aleksandar Vučić (Republic of Serbia). The material for the analysis was the texts of the inaugural speeches delivered by the presidents in the last term. The methods of component and linguistic stylistic analysis were used to analyze the structural and semantic features of the inaugural speeches. The component analysis made it possible to consider the lexical semantics, and the linguistic stylistic analysis became the basis for determining the stylistic features of the texts. The structure of the inaugural speech covers the framework elements of the greeting, conclusion, formulation of the political creed. Speech acts of thanksgiving are the main structural elements of the inaugural speech of the presidents. At the semantic level, the inaugural speech contains a description of the political situation in the country in the context of historical events and a specification of program provisions of a priority nature. Common elements for the inaugural speeches of the presidents of Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia and Serbia are the presence of mandatory structural elements, the dominance of speech acts of thanksgiving, appeals to the historical past and the formulation of future political steps. Among the specific features of presidential speeches, the use of ethnonyms in the speeches of V. Zelenskyi and A. Duda was recorded; the dominance of references to ancient history in the speeches of A. Duda and O. Vuchich; V. Zelenskyi’s criticism of the previous government, in particular the country’s presidents.

COMMENTARY AS A TYPE OF COMMUNICATIVE ACTION

The present paper deals with the problem of a commentary as a secondary communicative action. The aim of the article is to describe several discourse types of commentary (a commentary in everyday oral communication, a scientific discourse, a commentary in a legal communication, a commentary in a religious discourse) and define its current discursive features. As a result of the study, it was found that a commentary in everyday oral communication mostly expresses specification of the previous phrase and personal standpoint of interlocutors. In a scientific discourse a commentary is used to ground the author’s approach to the problem and to express a critical evaluation of the problems, usually in a regardful mode. A commentary in a legal communication is given to define and specify certain relevant notions in the sphere of law. A commentary in a religious discourse is used to interpret the basic sentences. A network discourse commentary expresses a personal evaluative attitude to the information published, and responses to it make a polemic dialogue. The scientific novelty of the study is that the definite features of the four types of the commentary are revealed. The study of commentary contributes to the development of theory of speech genres, theory of text and discourse, and pragmalinguistics.

Особливості вербалізації концепту БРЕХНЯ (БРЕХАТИ) в українській лінгвокультурі

The paper discusses the prominent verbalization features of the LIES (LYING) concept at the level of the Ukrainian communicators’ paremic worldview, covering the linguistic and cultural aspects. The current piece of research is based upon the selected paremic units and displays the LIES (LYING) concept structure in the Ukrainian language, focusing on the analysis of relevant dictionary definitions as well as semantic and pragmatic load, and communicative tonality with specific social factors to be considered. The author finds that paremies conveying the LIES phenomenon are capable of modeling the justification, rebuke, encouragement, warning, reassurance, mistrust, support, irritation, and threat speech genres. The paper concludes that the LIES (LYING) concept verbalization is possible by means of imperative and exclamatory constructions with ironic, mocking, humorous, and pragmatic tonality to be expressed. Additionally, the author examines the relevant linguistic and philosophical postulates of the LIES phenomenon interpretation, typical of Ukrainian language communicators.

Speech Genre of Consolation in the Context of Foreign Language Learning at a Medical University

Empathy, which involves supporting the client, is a mandatory component of doctor-client communication. Sticking to the tactics of consolation in communication allows achieving greater effectiveness of the clinical activity of a medical worker. Since medical discourse as a sample of institutional discourse is characterized by a certain constant pattern, it has been proven that in the context of learning a foreign language it is appropriate to use a genre approach. The involvement of the genre approach in linguistic didactics is also explained by the dependence of the number of speech genres mastered by a foreigner and his level of formation of the secondary language personality. It is proved that consolation is a speech genre. The choice of film discourse for the study is justified by the specificity of the genre and the fact that it is a sample of authentic texts, the effectiveness of the auditory and visual channels of information perception. The "signals" of the use of the consolation genre, vocabulary and grammatical features are described. The verbal means of the main tactics within the secondary genre of consolation are listed. Methods of organizing the teaching of the Ukrainian language according to the genre approach are proposed.

Tyrannical Characters by A. N. Ostrovsky in View of the Primary Speech Genres

The author of this article applies the theory of speech genres of M. M. Bakhtin, developed by A. D. Stepanov, to analyze the plays of A. N. Ostrovsky. In particular, she considers the tyrannical characters through the prism of primary speech genres. According to the author’s point of view, a completely definite and stable set of primary speech genres defines such characters. There prevail imperative speech genres, which are associated with influencing the will of another person, namely, an order, a demand or a threat. The article briefly describes each of these genres showing that they are used by the tyrannical characters to impose their own whims on the interlocutors. The author confirms this conclusion by the examples (the behavior of Bruskov, Akhov, Karkunov). What is more, the tyrannical characters resort to didactic speech genres, which mainly demonstrates their opinion of themselves as “knowledgeable” (this distinguishes, for example, Kabanikha). At the same time, the tyrannical characters often use the speech genre of complain, which shows the weakness of their nature and lack of strength when facing resistance (for example, Bolshov, Akhov). The author makes a conclusion that there are wide possibilities of applying the theory of speech genres in the study of Ostrovsky’s plays.

The speech genre specifics of educational audio podcasts

In the modern media field, new formats implemented in the Internet space are gaining more and more popularity. Convergent processes generate new forms of media content. One of these phenomena is the audio podcast, which is currently not sufficiently studied, many aspects need scientific reflection. In particular, the speech-genre specificity of audio podcasts is of research interest. The object of the undertaken research is educational audio podcasts presented on the platform Smotrim.ru ("100 Minutes" – 26 issues, "Literary squabbles" – 11 issues, "Conversations about literature" – 14 issues, "Diary of his Wife" – 11 issues) and Polka.academy ("Between the lines" – 17 issues), published from 2021 to 2024. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the basic secondary speech genre, representing its primary speech genres objectified in the media texts under study. To achieve the stated goal, both general scientific research methods and private techniques used in media linguistics and media stylistics are used – comparison and interpretation of linguistic facts, speech-genre analysis of media texts. The study of media texts in the context of speech genre studies is relevant and promising, since this research paradigm allows us to identify and describe the basic structural elements of the genre, communicative specifics, intentions and roles of the addressee, to determine the linguistic and stylistic originality of the represented texts. The article presents various points of view on the phenomenon of audio podcasting, formulates its definition, which takes into account not only the technical properties of audio podcasts, but also their content specifics, provides classifications of audio podcasts, systematizes approaches to understanding and researching speech genres, identifies and characterizes the basic secondary speech genre of informative conversation, as well as dominant primary speech included in its structure genres.

Genre of “Promise” as a Reflection of Intentional and Linguistic Organization in Virtual Pedagogical Discourse

This research is situated within the context of contemporary discourse studies. It examines the genre of “promise” functioning within virtual pedagogical discourse. The study explores the genre features of a speech act, considering their potential determination by the pragmatic properties of discourse. Drawing on existing models of speech genres in contemporary genre theory (models by Т. V. Shmeleva, N. B. Lebedeva), two types of genre features of promises are identified. The first type includes invariant characteristics of the genre “promise”: a) the communicative goal of the utterance, linked to a voluntary commitment by the subject to fulfill something; b) linguistic markers of the genre — syntactic constructions containing performative “I promise,” predicates “I swear” / “commit” / “give (<my word>)” with direct objects or explanatory clauses indicating the object of the promise. The second group of features comprises genre characteristics of the text, determined by its discursive nature: a) the dictum content of the genre (theme of “Education”), b) the status roles of participants in institutional-pedagogical discourse; c) properties of the speech act determined by the structural-functional features of the messenger (interactivity, media files). Ultimately, a promise emerges as a genre realization of shared and simultaneously adapted speechthinking intention and discursive means.

Генрогенные ситуации (на примере болтовни)

The article deals with genrogenic situations (GgS), i.e. situations marked by speech genres, indicative of the representation of a particular speech genre in a given national culture. The G gS as a cognitive image corresponding to a speech genre in the human mind includes, on the one hand, a set of components of a communication situation, necessary and sufficient for the generation of this genre, and, on the other hand, the memory of the GgS, real or reconstructed (by writers, psychologists), in which this genre was generated and developed. These factors determine the theory and practice of speech genres methodology based on GgS: it, unlike the theory of speech genres in general, has a more distinct applied focus: namely, it is focused on GgS and the compilation of an anthology/encyclopedia of GgS. This technique includes two aspects: firstly, a model according to which GgS are isolated from the speech continuum and systematized (GgS as a model of article structure); secondly, a model according to which speech genres are studied using the material of the GgS and taking into account their characteristics (model of filling the «body» of articles with the material). Much attention is paid to reflection (by communication specialists, word artists, journalists, bloggers) on G gS and genres themselves. The article also considers more general aspects of the GgS, their place in speech genres theory and linguistic pragmatics in general: GgS and the integral description of speech genres, GgS and genre role scenes, G gS and speech genre primary-secondary nature, GgS and the relationship between invariant and prototype approaches to the study of text and genre, GgS and speech genre variantology. As an illustration of the discussed approach the author offers GgS for speech genre boltovnya ‘≈chatter’.

«У меня сдохла канарейка. Приезжай к нам на Рождество»: динамика жанрового канона сообщения в открытке в диахронии и в онтогенезе (на материале открыток, написанных детьми, из корпуса «Пишу тебе»)

The article features the speech genre “a message in a postcard” in Russian communicative practice of two periods: the period before 1917 Revolution and the Soviet period. The research is based on a subcorpus of 253 postcards written by children from the collection of postcards digital corpus “I am writing to you”. By observing the mastery of the genre canon by non-adult native speakers, we consider both the specifics of the speech genre and the dynamics of its changes that occurred at the turning point of two periods. The analysis showed that the speech genre “a message in a postcard” is sensitive to a large number of factors of different nature: its material substrate; achievements of scientific and technological progress; changes in the worldview and value picture of the world that occur in the linguistic and cultural community; the influence of dominant practices of using the visual component in communication. The changes brought by 1917 Revolution led to serious differences in the genre canon of the pre-revolutionary and the Soviet periods, which were reflected in children’s genre experiences. If in prerevolutionary children’s messages in postcards we observe vivid signs of natural written speech and even oral speech – ease, weak spelling control, phonetic principle of spelling, dialogical structuring, in postcards of Soviet children we see the use of speech templates, frequency of the collective addressee, strong spelling control, isomorphic intention of the text and visual design. Interpreting these differences, we conclude that before 1917, a message in a postcard was considered a kind of everyday family and friendly communication, close to its oral form, whereas in Soviet times the genre acquired a pronounced rhetorical public character. The sub-genre structure of analyzed speech genre also differs: in the pre-revolutionary collection, we find a variety of subgenres genres (“message”, “news”, “for memory”, “story about an event”, “from a trip”, etc.), and in Soviet times the genre repertoire narrowed to congratulations. Thus, a postcard written by children shows the genesis of the genre canon better, since the process of mastering the system of existing genre forms by an immature native speaker vividly profiles the specifics of these forms.

Речевой жанр криминальной угрозы в интернет-коммуникации

The author attempts to explore the threat as a speech genre of verbal aggression. It is argued that the threat is most often found in the texts of modern online-communication, the characteristics of which are close to a synthetic oral-written form of communication and the colloquial genre. It is emphasized that in modern studies the threat is researched from a legal and linguistic point of view. The author proves the idea that there are two main types of threat statements – a threat-warning, including a causal action, and a threatpunishment. A specific sub-genre of threat is a blackmail, which includes manipulation by means of information compromising the addressee. Semantically, the threat can be explicit, clearly expressed, and implicit, whose interpretation requires an appeal to the logics of the statement. Implicit threat in online-communication is the most difficult type to research, since its interpretation involves analyzing the logic of constructing a statement by identifying linguistic techniques presented in the text – the use of euphemisms, idioms, semantic convolution, metaphors, sarcasm, precedent case reference and non-verbal components of communication (images, emoji. Implicit threat is studied using data from various explanatory linguistic dictionaries and fragments of texts submitted for forensic linguistic examination. It is reported that the genre of a criminal threat should be distinguished from other genres such as promises, orders, warnings, verbally expressed suicidal intentions, malevolence, a threat in a broad sense, and calls to a violent action.

A cross-cultural analysis of apology expressions in karakalpak and english

This thesis is about an extensive examination of apology expressions in Karakalpak and English languages, employing an interlanguage pragmatic and second language acquisition perspective. The study explores lexico-phraseological nuances, comparing how individuals from diverse communicational situations perceive and express apologies. The analysis highlights the cultural and pragmatic parameters shaping the speech genre of apologies, shedding light on the interplay between social dynamics and linguistic cues.

Genre studies as an effective tool for increasing the communicative competence of an education manager

The article is devoted to the topical issue of optimizing programs related to the training of an education manager in order to increase his communicative competence, as well as a “plot” explanation of the importance of the genre studies course in this process. Having analyzed the textbooks and educational management course programs existing in modern pedagogical science with a view to developing the communicative competence of managers, the authors noted that the analysis of their speech behavior remains unexamined. Thus, there is a certain imbalance between the increasing needs for qualified personnel and the lack of innovative approaches in training managers capable of managing tasks, resources, people, information, quality, projects and organizational changes in this area. In terms of speech development of a manager, at best, such disciplines as «speech culture», «pedagogical rhetoric», or training in certain types of speech genres in pedagogical discourse are offered. It is concluded that from a methodology perspective, the mandatory inclusion in management education programs of a genre studies course related to improving the manager’s speech activity and increasing the status of his linguistic personality as the main tool of his information, analytical and practical activities should help correct the current situation.

Techniques of speech influence in the final part of the promotional video for online courses

Due to the growing number of online courses, authors have to use more and more speech impact techniques in promotional videos to attract listeners and induce them to take action. Advertising video, being an independent speech genre, having a stable composition and certain content, as well as a set of specific linguistic features, requires special study. The aim of the study is to identify the optimal linguistic techniques of RW in the final part of the promotional video for online courses accompanying linguistic educational resources. 117 promotional videos for Massive Open Online Courses in Russian language posted on the open platform were used for the analysis. The main methods and techniques used are: the method of scientific description and stylistic and contextual analysis. The techniques used in the final part of the speech were singled out, their quantitative analysis was carried out: 1) invitation of the listener to the course, 2) appeal to the goal of the listener or the goal of the online course, 3) appeal to quotations, 4) generalizing conclusion, 5) humorous ending, 6) advice for listeners, 7) containing a call to action, 8) farewell. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that 1) for the first time the promotional video for online courses is considered as a complex communicative discourse, i.e. the synthesis of advertising and educational discourse; 2) for the first time the methods of speech impact in promotional videos for online courses are studied. Promotional videos for online courses presented on the platform "Education in Russian" contain a certain set of RW techniques, mainly used in the final part of the video and characterized by a specific set of linguistic means (mainly verbs) that can be embodied in the speech genres of "Advice" and "Wishes".

Semantic word change as the main way to create a comic effect in the speech genres of Internet communication

The subject of the study is the semantic change of a word as a way to create a comic effect in the Internet communication. The object of the research in the article is Internet memes. Special attention is paid in the article to new ways of creating a comic effect, which the authors of memes find against the background of an increase in the level of intra-genre competition. Comic genres of Internet communication are becoming a kind of thesaurus reflecting the current state of the Russian language and the changes that have occurred in it. Nevertheless, the novelty and dynamic change of linguistic trends in the speech comic genres of Internet communication suggest an insufficient theoretical justification of the problem, which determines the relevance of this work. To establish the methods used to create a comic effect, methods of analyzing dictionary definitions and contextual analysis of lexical units in the meme (including the influence of the non-verbal component) were applied. The main conclusions of the study: 1) there are a number of ways to create a comic effect based on a semantic change of a word; 2) certain features (conditions) of using these methods increase their effectiveness: the ambiguity of lexemes, the assignment of an essential role to the non-verbal component of a meme, the colloquial or slang character of the actualized meaning, the presence of a token, the recognition of verbal and non-verbal components, intentional violation of spelling rules. A special contribution of the authors and the novelty of the research is the study of ways to create a comic effect (based on semantic word change) in the genre of an Internet meme, including a non-verbal component that has a special effect on the recipient's perception of information.

Football live text commentary as a speech genre (Based on materials in English and Ukrainian languages)

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the speech genre “live text commentary” within the football discourse. The analysis procedure covers seven criteria, with the help of which the communicative-pragmatic genre aspects are examined in English and Ukrainian languages. The addresser’s communicative goal and the recipient’s corresponding model have been identified. The narrative content of the communicative event has been clarified. Potential preceding and subsequent speech genres have been identified. The peculiarities of the verbal realization of the author's communicative goal have been taken into account. The results of the research have assisted in determining the leading characteristics of the hybrid genre. Common and distinctive features in the represented languages have been established.