Genotypic Coefficient Of Variation Research Articles

Genetic Variability Studies for Growth, Yield and Quality Traits in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Germplasm under North Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India

An experiment was carried out at College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur under north eastern dry zone of Karnataka, India during late-kharif season of 2022-23 by using twenty-five tomato genotypes to study the variability, heritability and genetic advance for growth, yield and quality traits. Analysis of variance revealed that significant variability was observed among the genotypes of tomato for all character’s studied. Genetic variability revealed that a lot of variation was observed among the genotypes studied. In general, the lowest difference in phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation indicated lowest environmental influence in controlling the expression of the traits. Based on genetic variability studies, high PCV and GCV and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for plant height, number of nodes per plant, number of branches per plant, number of locules per fruit and titrable acidity, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per hectare indicating the existence of wider genetic variability for these traits in the germplasm under study.

Genetic variability and divergence studies to identify and isolate superior genotypes from European radish (Raphanus sativus) germplasm

The present study was carried during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh to identify and isolate superior genotypes from European radish (Raphanus sativus L.) germplasm. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) comprising of 25 genotypes with three replications. These genotypes were evaluated for various horticultural and yield contributing traits, using the popular check cultivar Pusa Himani as a reference. The combined data from two years revealed significant differences among all the genotypes for the studied traits. Notably, genotypes UHF-SOL-RAD-3, UHF-SOL-RAD-1 and RKR-Sel-III exhibited higher yields compared to the check variety and performed well across most traits. The root top ratio demonstrated the highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability (34.79% and 34.64%, respectively). Traits such as total soluble solids (TSS), average root weight, root yield, gross plant weight, root top ratio (length basis), and root length exhibited moderate to high heritability along with moderate genetic advances. Based on Mahalanobis D2 statistics, five clusters were identified, with a majority of genotypes falling into cluster II. Cluster III displayed the highest intra-cluster similarity (51.18%), while clusters I, III, and V demonstrated greater diversity, thereby increasing the likelihood of obtaining favourable transgressive segregants through hybridization between genotypes in these clusters.

Genetic variation and association of yield, yield components, and carbon storage in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) genotypes

Trait heritability and the response to selection depend on genetic variation, a prerequisite to developing sorghum varieties with desirable agronomic traits and high carbon sequestration for sustainable crop production and soil health. The present study aimed to assess the extent of genetic variability and associations among agronomic and carbon storage traits in selected sorghum genotypes to identify the best candidates for production or breeding. Fifty genotypes were evaluated at Ukulinga, Bethlehem and Silverton sites in South Africa during the 2022/23 growing season. The following agronomic and carbon storage traits were collected: days to 50% heading (DTH), days to 50% maturity (DTM), plant height (PH), total plant biomass (PB), shoot biomass (SB), root biomass (RB), root-to-shoot biomass ratio (RS), grain yield (GY), harvest index (HI), shoot carbon content (SCc), root carbon content (RCc), grain carbon content (GCc), total plant carbon stock (PCs), shoot carbon stock (SCs), root carbon stock (RCs), and root-to-shoot carbon stock ratio (RCs/SCs), and grain carbon stock (GCs). Higher genotypic coefficient of variations (GCVs) were recorded for GY at 45.92%, RB (39.24%), RCs/SCs (38.45), and RCs (34.62). Higher phenotypic coefficient of variations (PCVs) were recorded for PH (68.91%), followed by GY (51.8%), RB (50.51%), RS (41.96%), RCs/SCs (44.90%), and GCs (41.90%). High broad-sense heritability and genetic advance were recorded for HI (83.76 and 24.53%), GY (78.59 and 9.98%), PB (74.14 and 13.18%) and PCs (53.63 and 37.57%), respectively, suggesting a marked genetic contribution to the traits. Grain yield exhibited positive association with HI (r = 0.76; r = 0.79), DTH (r = 0.13; r = 0.31), PH (r = 0.1; r = 0.27), PB (r = 0.01; r = 0.02), RB (r = 0.05; r = 0.06) based on genotypic and phenotypic correlations, respectively. Further, the path analysis revealed significant positive direct effects of SB (0.607) and RB (0.456) on GY. The RS exerted a positive and significant indirect effect (0.229) on grain yield through SB. The study revealed that PB, SB, RB, RS, RCs, and RCs/SCs are the principal traits when selecting sorghum genotypes with high yield and carbon storage capacity.

Genetic Variability Studies for Morpho-Physiological and Yield-attributing Traits in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.)

Foxtail millet is an underutilized crop which has high nutritional values and wide genetic resources, possessing the ability to tolerate several abiotic stresses efficiently. Those resources must be used in order to improve desired traits, primarily yield attributes. This investigation was carried out to assess the genetic parameters, such as variability, per se performance, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) for sixteen morpho-physiological, yield-attributing traits in fifty foxtail millet germplasm accessions at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal during Rabi, 2023-2024. The study revealed the wide range of variation for all studied traits and that the accessions SiA 3290, SiA 4345, and SiA 4391 had potential for most traits and a high grain yield per plant. Thus, after multilocation testing, these accessions might be exploited for commercial cultivation. The assessment revealed that the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was slightly greater than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), indicating the influence of the environment on the manifestation of these traits. It was also observed that the traits viz.., photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, abortive grain rate, and grain yield per plant had high PCV and GCV and these traits significantly contributed to the overall variability and scope for selection. High heritability in combination with high GAM was observed for photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, 1000-grain weight, fodder yield per plant and grain yield per plant. This indicates that, these traits are mostly governed by additive genes and thus making them suitable for simple direct selection to improve these traits and further breeding efforts focused on increasing yields.

Genetic Variability and Diversity Analysis in Yard Long Bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) verdcourt] Accessions under Coastal Saline Ecosystem

Background: Yard long bean despite being highly nutritive summer legume vegetable crop, it is not cultivated on large scale due to seasonal constraints with progressing research activities, Tamil Nadu is yet to came up with a suitable commercial variety of yard long bean with higher yield and superior pod quality. Considering this, the present study with 30 yard long bean germplasm accessions was undertaken to estimate the genetic parameters and deciphering the extent of genetic divergence for nine quantitative traits in yard long bean. Methods: The genetic material comprising 30 different sources of germplasm accessions were evaluated for various quantitative traits in randomized block design (RBD) with triplicate replication at the Garden land, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University during 2022. TNAUSTAT and R Software has been used for data analysis. Result: Analysis of variance exhibited significant differences among the accessions for all the nine quantitative traits indicating the presence of genetic variability. The magnitude of high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was obtained for all the traits except days to maturity and days to fifty per cent flowering. High heritability coupled with genetic advance per cent as mean was observed for pod yield per plant followed by number of pods per plant, test weight, pod girth, number of seeds per pod, plant height and pod length indicating the predominance of additive gene action. Direct selection for above indicate traits could be valuable for yield improvement programme. Further, genetic divergence analysis revealed that seven clusters could be identified from 30 genotypes. The cluster I was largest having twelve genotypes. The maximum inter cluster distance was found between cluster I and cluster VII followed by cluster I and IV and the intra cluster distance was noted in cluster III followed by cluster I. Among the yield contributing traits, maximum contribution towards genetic divergence existed for pod length followed by test weight, days to maturity and pod yield per plant. Hence, hybridization between cluster VII (IC-630381), V (IC-630379), IV (IC-630383) and I (IC-626143) could be utilized for superior recombinants with desirable traits in segregating generations of yard long bean.

Genetic Variability in Mango Clones of Langra cv. for Physical-bio Chemical Parameters at Kymore Plateau and Satpura Hills of Madhya Pradesh, India

The present study was carried out to assess the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for different characters in 40 clones of mango. The study was conducted at Fruit Research Station (Farm), Imalia for evaluating the variability of Langra clones in Randomized block design. All the characters showed very small difference between genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and respective phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), indicated that all the characters were least affected by environment. The high phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for pulp %, peel %, stone %, pulp : stone ratio, pulp : peel ratio, fiber %, density of lenticels, fruit weight kg, acidity %, reducing sugar % in the both years. High heritability coupled with genetic advance were observed for all characters studies indicating these characters are governed by additive gene action and phenotypic selection may be more fruitful. Hence, direct selection may be followed for the improvement of mango for these characters.

Genetic Variability Studies in the Interspecific Derivatives (S. indicum x S. mulayanum) of Sesame

The present study aims to assess genetic variability for agronomic characters in the interspecific population developed by hybridization between Sesamum indicum (Swetha til) x Sesamum mulayanum (IC-43144-1). Experimental materials were raised during late Kharif-2023 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad. A total of 80 F6 interspecific derivatives were evaluated along with four check varieties namely GT-10, Swetha Til, IC-43144-1 (S. mulayanum), CUMS-17 in Augmented Randomised Complete Block Design (ARCBD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed, significant variability in the interspecific derivatives for all the traits studied viz., days for emergence, days for flowering initiation, days for flower session, days for maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, total number of capsules per plant, capsule length, test weight, harvest index and seed yield per plant. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) values were higher for the traits viz., total number of capsules per plant, harvest index, seed yield per plant, hence improvement through selection could be possible. Phenological traits such as days for emergence, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, total number of capsules per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant exhibited a high heritability along with a high genetic advance as per cent of mean, indicating additive gene action in the expression of these traits. Simple phenotypic selection may be effective for improving these characters. So, the selection based on these traits should be prioritized in the selection process of interspecific hybrids of sesame breeding programme.

Primerjalna ocena hranilne in nehranilne kakovosti je odkrila, da ima sladki krompir z belim založnim parenhimom boljše lastnosti kot tisti z oranžnim

Recent introduction of beta-carotene rich orange-fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) has resulted to consumers’ low demands for traditional white-fleshed sweet potatoes (TWFSP), without due consideration of their nutritional qualities. This study appraised the nutritional compositions of OFSP and TWFSP. They were analyzed for mineral content, antinutrients, and phytochemicals at National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike. The field experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with three replicates. TWFSP showed higher concentrations of minerals, anti-nutrients and phytochemicals than OFSP. In TWFSP, potassium ranged from 1879.20 ± 0.01 mg kg-1 (‘B3V3’) to 1960.30 ± 0.01 mg kg-1 (‘B2V2’) while in OFSP it varied from 1162.60 ± 0.02 mg kg-1 (‘B26T26’) to 1800.20 ± 0.01 mg kg-1 (‘B10T10’). The antinutrients and phytochemicals results showed that flavonoids in TWFSP ranged from 0.30 ± 0.01 mg TAE kg-1 (‘B1V1’) to 970.50 ± 0.02 mg TAE kg-1 (B3V3) while it varied from 0.20 ± 0.01 mg TAE kg-1 (‘B4T4’) to 670.30 ± 0.01 mg TAE kg-1 (‘B8T8’) in OFSP. Heritability estimates were high for all antinutrients and minerals while genetic advance was high only for potassium (42.206) and phosphorus (10.288) traits. Variation between phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation was negligible, with the former higher for most minerals and antinutrients. TWFSP were found richer than OFSP, and suggests improvement by selection.

Assessment of Genetic Variability, Correlation, and Path Coefficient for Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh

The experimental material consisted of 155 pigeon pea genotypes sown in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications during the Kharif, 2023-2024 crop season at the N. E. B. Crop Research Centre of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The genetic variance components, correlation, and path coefficient for seed yield and its components were estimated using these 155 pigeon pea genotypes. The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values (> 20%) were recorded for traits such as the number of pods per plant (26.45%), number of secondary branches per plant (22.72%), and seed yield per plant (20.27%). In contrast, the lowest PCV estimates (< 10%) were found for days to maturity (7.39%) and days to 50% flowering (6.73%). High estimates of the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) (> 20%) were recorded only for the number of pods per plant (23.6%). The lowest GCV estimates (< 10%) were observed for hundred seed weight (9.63%), number of seeds per pod (9.55%), plant height (9.49%), pod length (7.18%), days to maturity (6.85%), and days to 50% flowering (6.5%). The hundred seed weight showed a high positive direct effect on seed yield per plant (Genotypic = 0.58, Phenotypic = 0.47) along with a positive and significant correlation (Genotypic correlation coefficient, (rg = 0.599); Phenotypic correlation coefficient, (rp = 0.485)). Based on this investigation, it is evident that exploring genetic variability, correlations, and path analyses provides a more effective approach for selecting superior cultivars for yield and related traits.

Study on Genetic Variability for Forage Yield and Quality Traits in Forage Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench

The initial research related to germplasm screening was carried out in the experimental area of Instructional Dairy Farm, GBPUAT Pantnagar during kharif season 2018. The experimental material for this experiment consisted of two hundreds and eighty diverse germplasm lines of sorghum along with six checks viz., SSG 59-3, Pant Chari- 5, Pant Chari- 6, CSV-21 F, CSH-22S, and CSV-24SS. The germplasm lines were evaluated in Augmented Block Design for nineteen forage yield related traits and thirteen quality traits. The statistical analysis for genetic variability was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA), heritability (h2), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), and genetic advance (GA). The analysis of variance revealed that the genotypes and checks were showing a highly significant differences for all the traits under study indicated existence of inherent genetic differences among genotypes for different characters. Mean performance of forage yield and quality related traits exhibited a wide range of variability. GCV and PCV values were observed low for most of the characters whereas high for anthracnose, zonate leaf spot and shoot fly incidence. The value of genetic advance was observed high for leaf area, green fodder yield per plant, dry fodder yield per plant, hydrocyanic acid content, plant height, anthracnose, and shoot fly incidence were relatively more than other characters. Genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed low for days to maturity, dry matter per cent, in-vitro dry matter disappearance, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose content whereas high for leaf area, flag leaf width, panicle length, panicle width, 1000-grains weight, grain yield per plant, green fodder yield per plant, dry fodder yield per plant, total soluble solids, silica content, anthracnose, zonate leaf spot and shoot fly incidence. Heritability values were found high for all the traits under study. The genotypes bearing the desired values for different genetic variability parameters and mean performance for can be exploited in future breeding programmes for the improving forage genotypes. These genotypes can be used as donor parents in crop improvement programme for improving forage yield and quality related traits along with improved resistance against anthracnose, shooty fly and zonate leaf spot.

Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and Shoot Fly Resistance Associated Traits in Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

The present investigation was carried out with 210 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) at the Instructional Dairy Farm of the Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India and the experiment was conducted during kharif season, 2018-19 in augmented design with three replications with the objective to access variability, heritability and genetic advance for 18 traits studied to select suitable shoot fly resistace RILs. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences for the trait viz., seedling height, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes per plant, leaf length, leaf width, 1000 grain weight, dry fodder yield and green fodder yield, while significant differences were found in case of oviposition and dead heart per cent at 21 days after emergence. Eleven traits showed higher value of Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) than environment coefficient of variation (ECV). Total soluble solid (TSS) percent showed highest GCV followed by green fodder yield while dead heart per cent at 14 days after emergence showed highest ECV followed by days to emergence and Hydrocyanic acid content. Among the traits with high heritability, only plant height, dry fodder yield, and green fodder yield exhibited high genetic advance suggesting the additive gene action, making these traits suitable targets for effective selection in the RIL population. Further, molecular markers can be identified for key traits used in marker-assisted selection, and selected RILs can be evaluated in multi-environment trials for stability and adaptability.

Morphological Characterization and Genetic Diversity Analyses of Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Sweet Corn (Zea mays var. saccharata)

The genetic diversity among the genotypes were useful resources that enabled breeders to comprehend the performance of attributes or genotypes. This understanding is crucial in selecting appropriate genotypes or traits for hybridization programmes. A total of 15 sweet corn genotypes were utilized to assess the characteristics of genetic diversity, correlation, path coefficient and genetic divergence study. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) exceeded the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits examined, suggesting certain degree of interaction with the environment. The heritability estimates for all variables examined in this study were found to be high. The genetic advance as per cent of mean (GAM) identified a significant difference between high and low values. The traits ear weight with husk, ear weight without husk, husk ratio, chlorophyll content, ear length, ear girth, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight, shelling percentage, cob yield per plot and fodder yield per plot exhibited high heritability and high GAM. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed a significant and positive association for the aforementioned attributes. Additionally, the path coefficient analysis for these traits indicated a favourable direct influence. A total of 15 genotypes were categorized into seven clusters based on their genetic distance. The features that made the biggest contribution to divergence were fodder yield per plot (21%) and shelling percentage (21%), followed by ear weight (14%) and cob yield per plot (10%). The results of this study would be valuable for identifying the desirable characteristics and genetic makeup that can be used in future breeding programmes aimed at enhancing the production of corn cobs in sweet corn.

Genetic variability and trait associations in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions

Drought is one of the most important yield-limiting abiotic stresses threatening wheat production and productivity. Development of wheat genotypes with enhanced grain yield under drought-stressed conditions depend on the extent of genetic variation present for drought tolerance-related traits. This study was carried out to determine the level of genetic variation and associations of yield and yield attributing traits among 196 bread wheat genotypes under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions. The genotypes were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions and phenotyped for yield and yield-related traits. The genotypes varied significantly for the traits under both conditions. Grain yield ranged from 2.13 to 3.74 t ha−1 and from 2.52 to 5.06 t ha−1 under drought-stressed and well-watered conditions, respectively. Under both conditions, variances due to genotype were higher than environment and genotype × environment interaction variances for all the traits. Estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits under both conditions, with both PCV and GCV being highest for kernel weight spike−1 and lowest for spike fertility. Under both conditions, broad-sense heritability estimates ranged from moderately high to very high, accompanied with high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean. Fertile spikelets spike−1, one thousand kernel weight, kernel weight spike−1, biomass yield and harvest index manifested high positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations and positive direct effects on grain yield under both conditions. The first five principal components accounted for 78.4% (well-watered) and 76.0% (drought-stressed) of the variation among the genotypes. The 196 genotypes were delineated into six major clusters under both water conditions, with clusters 3 (well-watered) and cluster 5 (drought-stressed) containing genotypes with the highest ability to tolerate drought stress. Genotypes Alidoro, Bolo, Dinknesh, ETBW8491 and ETBW172938 had high stable yields under both conditions. The identified traits and genotypes were drought tolerant and could be exploited to develop novel genotypes for drought stress tolerance.

Variability analysis of the Phenotypic Characteristics of some Grapefruit and Pomelo under Moroccan Conditions

Citrus is an economically important fruit crop with a long history of cultivation worldwide, and many citrus varieties are grown extensively in Morocco, both for domestic consumption and export. Nevertheless, the genetic diversity of this genus in Morocco has not been reported upon. Our objective was to explore phenotypic variations in grapefruit and pomelo genotypes for targeted breeding, enhancing key traits, and identifying opportunities for genetic improvement. We emphasize practical implications and outline future research directions for developing improved citrus varieties. This present study physiochemically analyzes eight grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) and two pomelo (Citrus maxima) cultivars to assess the genetic variability of these fruits’ physicochemical characteristics. The results revealed significant variance among the genotypes for all traits. For example, the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits. Moreover, a high degree of heritability was recorded for seed number, β-carotene, vitamin C, juice yield (%), total soluble solids, titratable acidity, maturity index, fruit diameter, and fruit weight, whereas limited heritability was observed for fruit length, peel thickness, and segment number per fruit. The high genetic advance scores corresponded to the high degree of heritability estimates for seed number per fruit, β-carotene, juice yield, and vitamin C, suggesting the existence of additive genetic effects. Our principal component analysis (PCA) identified four components with cumulative variance of 93.20%, while hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the collection into five clusters. In conclusion, phenotypic distinctions among grapefruit and pomelo genotypes reveal opportunities for genetic enhancement through selection or hybridization. Varied traits, including seed count, vitamin C, beta-carotene, and juice yield, across genotypes suggest potential avenues for targeted breeding and practical applications in diverse citrus varieties.

Analysis of Intra- Cultivar Heterogeneity in Dashehari Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) by Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

The present study aimed at estimating intra-cultivar heterogeneity in Dashehari cultivar of mango (Mangifera indica L.) by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Forty-five trees of 25-30 years old, from 15 orchards in Malihabad and Mall blocks of district Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh were selected for study which revealed a significant variation in all stomatal characteristics. Phenotypic and Genotypic coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV, respectively) values for these parameters were very close, indicating that they were controlled at genetic level and were independent of environmental effect. Highest phenotypic (41.59) and genotypic (38.27) coefficient of variation, and Genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) (149.41 %) were recorded for stomatal pore size (width) while highest (97.50) heritability (h2) and genetic advance (20.86) were observed for stomatal density. Dendrogram clusters of the Dashehari population under study, prepared based on stomatal observations, divided into two main clusters which further divided into sub-clusters. The study on stomatal characters is fully facilitated by SEM and hence, it is suggested that SEM may be a useful tool for identification of intra-varietal variability of Dashehari mango for further crop improvement programme. Bangladesh J. Bot. 53(2): 391-399, 2024 (June)

Study on the Evaluation Genetic Variability of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus) Cultivars Under Agro –Climatic Conditions of Prayagraj

Aims: A field experiment was carried out to “Study on Evaluating Genetic Variability of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) Cultivars under Agro –Climatic conditions of Prayagraj”. Place and Duration of Study: An experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture during the Rabi season of 2023-2024. Study Design: Randomized Block Design. Methodology: The analysis of the data showed that phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all characters studied, indicating that environmental factors had a significant influence on these characters. In addition, positive and highly significant correlations were observed in between tuber yield per plant (gm) and various other traits including the No. of leaves at 30DAS, 60DAS and 90DAS and No. of shoots per plant, days for the first flowering, peduncle length, No. of florets per spike, No. of ears per plant, length of floret, diameter of floret, No. of corms per plant and diameter of corms, weight of corms and No. of corms per hectare and No. of corms per hectare. Results: The mean sum of squares due to genotypes showed significant differences for all characters under study for except days taken for emergence of flower spike and days taken to show color of basal floret. High magnitude of GCV were recorded for No. of leaves (52.70), Corm yield/plant (46.40), No. of cormels/hectare(39.12), Cormel diameter(38.36), No. of corms/hectare(28.97), No. of corms per plant(28.97), No. of leaves at 60DAS(26.64), No. of shoot(26.64). The genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient of different characters with Corms yield/plant (g) and their relationship among themselves Conclusion: Genotypic and Phenotypic correlation revealed that corms weight/plant (g) showed positive significant association with plant height, number of leavesper plant, number of shoots per plant, rachis length, no. of cormels per hectare and corm yield/ plant at both levels genotypic and phenotypic.

Evaluation of different spring rice genotypes for seedling stage growth at Tulsipur, Dang, Nepal

Rice is the fundamental staple crop of Nepal. For food security, the production rate of main season rice is insufficient; nevertheless, spring rice can be a possibility. Spring rice is short duration crop as compared to the main season crop as, it can be best utilized through its cultivation. An experiment on spring rice (Oryza sativa) was performed to examine ten different elite rice genotypes in irrigated seedling stage at Campus of Live Sciences, Tulsipur, Dang from April to May 2023 with an objective to assess the response of different genotypes of seedling stage under controlled environment condition and to compare seedling stage growth and development of different spring rice variety The study was conducted with three replications on a completely randomized design (CRD). Data on the seedlings' growth was gathered at intervals of ten days. The outcome showed that there were statistical differences in morphological features between various genotypes. In comparison to other plants, IR09R270 had the highest average plant height (12.9 cm), IR17A106 had the greatest amount of leaves (2.44), IR09R270 had the greatest length of leaves (6.59 cm), Svin080 had the widest leaves (0.18 cm), IR112208B-B-RGA-BRGA had the longest shoots length (16.46 cm), and IR112208B-B-RGA-BRGA had the longest roots length (9.30 cm). The sample with the highest percentage of germination (85.65%) was IR112208B-B-RGA-BRGA. The majority of genotypes were found to have heritability more than 60%, indicating a greater contribution from genetic factors than environmental conditions. It was discovered that the phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) was marginally larger than the genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV), suggesting that the environment had little effect on how characters are expressed. The study's conclusions demonstrated that the rice genotypes IR09R270 and IR112208B-B-RGA-BRGA were preferable to other elite genotypes found in the Terai region. In conclusion under irrigated conditions, rice genotypes IR09R270 and IR112208B-B-RGA-BRGA performed well.

Study on Genetic Variability and Heritability in F3 Population of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) for Yield and its Components

Yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt), is significant among legume vegetable crops. Global warming and climate change can significantly impact its cultivation, yield, and production. This study examined the F3 population of five yardlong bean families: F3-1, F3-2, F3-3, F3-4, and F3-5. The findings revealed that all five families exhibited high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for yield per plant, indicating substantial variability for these traits in their progenies. For all the characters under consideration, the genotypic variation coefficient was lower than the phenotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability, along with high genetic advance per mean (GAM), was observed in pod weight, pods per plant, yield per plant, and vine length. This indicates significant potential for selecting these traits within these specific populations due to the wide range of variation and the influence of additive gene action. The study will help in selecting traits for further crop improvement programs.

The identification of yield components, genetic variability, and heritability to determine the superior cocoa trees in West Papua, Indonesia

Abstract. Suparno A, Arbianto MA, Prabawardani S, Chadikun P, Tata H, Luhulima FDN. 2024. The identification of yield components, genetic variability, and heritability to determine the superior cocoa trees in West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2363-2373. One of the obstacles to increasing the productivity of cocoa is the existence of superior cocoa clones. This research, therefore, was carried out to select the superior cocoa tree candidates from the existing cocoa plantation populations over 30 years old, using a descriptive method on the yield components of superior cocoa candidates in PT. Cokran Cocoa Plantation, South Manokwari. This research was conducted from May 2020 to May 2022. The initial information on 32 superior cocoa trees was obtained from the farmers who were involved and worked at the PT. Cokran Cocoa Plantation for 30 years. Cocoa was planted on an area of 1,680 ha with a spacing of 2 x 4 m. Data on the 13 quantitative characters of the cocoa pod and cocoa beans were analyzed using ANOVA (SAS V.9 For Window). These 13 quantitative data, including 11 qualitative data of leaves and fruit were used to analyze the relationship of kinship pattern among the accessions using NTSys ver. 2.1. Results of the research show that 8 cocoa accessions had a high production potential of more than 6,000 g per tree annually, namely CKR-02, CKR-03, CKR-04, CKR-09, CKR-12, CKR-26, CKR-28, and CKR-41 accessions. Accessions that produced 1,000 g of dry cocoa beans in less than 20 pods were CKR-03, CKR-04, CKR-07, CKR-09, CKR-12, CKR-15, CKR-22, CKR-26, CKR-40, and CKR-41. Candidate cocoa clones that have the potency to produce dry cocoa beans with grade AA quality were CKR-03, CKR-04, CKR-12, CKR-26, CKR-40, and CKR-41. Wide phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations were found among the 32 accessions. High heritability was produced by pod length, pod girth, pod fresh mass, seed number/pod, seed fresh mass, and seed dry mass. The cluster analysis showed a wide morphological diversity of the 32 cocoa accession candidates based on the yield component characters.

Studies on Estimates of Heritability and Genetic Advance for Certain Quantitative Traits in Fieldpea (Pisum sativum L. var. arvense)

Twenty two field pea genotypes were evaluated for estimation of variability, heritability and genetic advance. The Fieldpea genotypes were sown in, Randomized Block Design with three replications at the experimental farm of department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Kamla Nehru Institute of Physical and Social Sciences Sultanpur 228118 (U.P.) India, during Rabi, season 2022-2023. Phenotypic data were recorded for nine characters viz. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100-grain weight, grain yield per plant and biological yield per plant. It was reported that in general the value of phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) is slightly higher than the value of genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) indicating the importance of environment in the phenotypic performance of the genotypes studied. The maximum value of GCV was observed for plant height (31.94), grain yield per plant (20.02). High estimates of heritability in broad sense (h2b) were recorded for plant height (97.28), days to 50% flowering (83.96), 100-grain weight (78.48) and days to maturity (64.83). High estimates of genetic advance as percent of mean were recorded for plant height (64.89), 100-grain weight (25.28) and grain yield per plant (25.15). Thus, the characters (plant height, days to 50% flowering, 100-grain weight etc) having high value of GCV, heritability as well as genetic advance may be exploited in Fieldpea breeding program for further improvement in grain yield.