Arabica Coffee Genotypes Research Articles

Genotype × Environment Interaction Studies of Promising Teppi Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Genotypes in Southwestern Ethiopia

Coffee is the stimulant crop plant that belongs to the genus Coffea, in the family Rubiaceae. The yield variation and pattern of the crop varied within short geographic distance and thus attributed to low productivity and unpredictable production. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of genotype × environment interaction on yields of promising Teppi coffee genotype. In this study, seventeen Arabica coffee genotypes, representing coffee growing areas of Teppi, southwestern Ethiopia were evaluated at six environments. This study was conducted by using completely randomized block design with two replications. The extent of genotype × environment interaction was analyzed by using additive main effect and multiplicative interaction model and genotype main effect and genotype × environment interaction biplot analysis model. The analysis of variance for yield revealed the presence of highly significant differences ( P < 0.01 ) within genotypes, environments and genotype by environment interaction. From the total sum of squares of genotype × environment interaction of yield, environment accounted for 51% while genotypic and GEI effects were 20.5% and 25.32%, respectively. Generally, genotypes with superior performance and suitable environments for coffee were identified. However, further researches have to target hybridization of those superior genotypes with elite lines in feature Arabica coffee breeding program.

Stability of Arabica coffee genotype (Coffea arabica L.) against leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix)

Coffee is now experiencing a serious threat from fungus Hemileia vastatrix which caused epidemic of rust disease in America, Africa, and Asia. As solution, the use of resistant cultivars is the best way. However, interaction between genotype and environment can change the rank of genotypes that shows instability of these genotypes against leaf rust. Purpose of this research was to study stability of genotypes of Arabica coffee against coffee leaf rust. A field experiment was arranged as factorial randomized complete block design with 2 factors (genotypes and climate zones) with three replication. The observed parameters were branch rust incidence, leaf rust incidence, and leaf rust severity. This research result showed significant genotype x environment interaction in all variables. Length of dry season is the most important factor affecting coffee leaf rust because it had the highest correlation coefficient with leaf rust severity (r = 0.662**). Less length of dry season should be the first criteria for selection of coffee farms. The most desired genotype was G7 which performed low leaf rust severity (7.71%) and had a stable resistance indicated by the same leaf rust severity in all environments and 6 SMg. Due to the significant interaction between genotypes and the environment, the genotype to be planted in a region must be tested in that region first.

Nutritional efficiency in phosphorus of arabica coffee genotypes

Nutritional efficiency is a term used to characterize plants in their capacity to uptake and use nutrients, being related to the efficiency of uptake, translocation and utilization of nutrients. Different coffee genotypes are expected to exhibit variability in their nutritional efficiency. This work aimed to evaluate the phosphorus nutritional efficiency in arabica coffee genotypes. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), located in the municipality of Lavras – Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, in a 10x2 factorial scheme (10 arabica coffee genotypes and two dosages of phosphate fertilization), with four replications. Each experimental plot consisted of one pot with ten liters of soil, with one plant. The cultivars Catiguá MG2, MGS Ametista and Sarchimor MG 8840 are neither efficient nor responsive to phosphate fertilization. Progeny H 6-47-10 pl. 3 and the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 are not efficient but are responsive to phosphate fertilization. The cultivars Paraíso MG H 419-1, Topázio MG 1190 and MGS Paraíso 2 are efficient but are not responsive to phosphate fertilization. The cultivars Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 and MGS Aranãs are efficient and responsive to phosphate fertilization. Index terms: Coffea arabica; Cultivars; Mineral nutrition.

Physico-chemical and sensory interactions of arabica coffee genotypes in different water regimes

AbstractThe production of specialty coffee has several factors and parameters that are added up in the course of production, so that the quality is expressed in the act of consumption. Based on this scenario, this study included the analysis of ten genotypes of arabica coffee, the materials being subjected to irrigated and rainfed water regimes, in a low altitude region, to identify responses for sensory and physical–chemical quality. The genotypes were evaluated in a split-plot scheme with a randomized block design, with three replications. Arabica coffee fruits were harvested with 80% cherry seeds and processed by the wet method. Subsequently, the characteristics related to physical–chemical and sensory analyses were evaluated. The genotypes of the Paraíso group showed great variability for the physical–chemical and sensory variables for rainfed and irrigated regimes. The genotypes of the Catuaí group, however, showed less variability for sensory characteristics in both cultivation environments and for physical–chemical characteristics in the irrigated regime. In the sensorial data set, the genotypes Catuaí 144 CCF and Catuaí 144 SFC (when irrigated) and Paraíso H 419-3-3-7-16-2, Paraíso H 419-3-3-7-16-11 and Catucaí 24-137 (rainfed cultivation), are more favourable to the production of specialty coffee at low altitude.

GGE Biplot Analysis of Genotype x Environment Interaction and Bean Yield Stability of Arabica Coffee (<i>Coffee arabica</i> L.) Genotypes in Southwestern Ethiopia

Coffee is the main Ethiopia’s most important agricultural export crop, which is providing about 25-30% of foreign exchange earnings. The estimation of stability performance of the cultivars becomes most important to detect consistently performing and high yielding genotypes. Eleven Arabica coffee genotypes were evaluated in southwestern part of the Ethiopia across four locations for two consecutive years (2014/15 - 2015/16). The objective of the study was to estimate the presence of the interaction between genotypes and environments; and the stability performance of the coffee cultivars for its bean yield. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated twice in each testing location. Genotypes were evaluated by Genotype main effect and genotype x environment interaction (GGE) biplot. The combined analysis of variance indicated that genotypes, environments and GEI showed highly significant (p<0.01). Total variation explained was 41.63% for environments, 9.31% for genotypes and 32.32% for genotype by environment interaction (GEI). This obviously shows that the effect of the genotypes to the total variance was minimal when compare to the environment and the GEI. GGE biplot grouped the environments into four clusters with five genotypes being the winners in different group of environments. Top yielding cultivars namely; L52/2001 and L55/2001; and E6 (Jimma 2015/16) were identified as an ideal genotype and environment, respectively. In this study, stable genotypes, suitable environment for each of the coffee genotype and environment similarity based on bean yield were identified.

Sensory analysis of arabica coffee: cultivars of rust resistance with potential for the specialty coffee market

The objective of this work was to describe the sensory profile of 11 arabica coffee genotypes with different levels of resistance to rust and to evaluate their genetic potential for the production of specialty coffees. The experiments were conducted in three coffee producing municipalities, in the region of Matas de Minas, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replicates and 11 genotypes with different levels of resistance to rust. The sensory analyses of the beverage, which was produced from coffee harvested in the cherry stage, were carried out according to the methodology proposed by the Specialty Coffee Association of America. All genotypes resistant and moderately resistant to rust presented potential for specialty coffee production. The expression of attributes of sensorial quality is distinct in different environments, which increases the marketability and increases the demanded price for specialty coffees. The correlations between attributes were environmentally dependent. The fragrance/aroma, balance, and aftertaste attributes presented correlation higher than 0.8 with the total score in all evaluated environments.

Resistance to nematode Meloidogyne paranaensis in Arabica coffee genotypes introgressed with Coffea liberica

The aim of this study was to prove that Arabica coffee introgressed with C. liberica, have resistance to Meloidogyne paranaensis (Mp). Open pollinated fruits were harvested from mother plants of 29 Arabica coffee genotypes from the IAPAR germplasm bank. Seeds were collected from the fruits and were sown to obtain seedlings to test the resistance to Mp. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with 29 coffee genotypes, 8 replications, and one plant per plot. Cultivars Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 and IPR 100 were used as susceptible and resistant checks, respectively. Seedlings with three to four pairs of leaves were inoculated with 1,400 eggs and juveniles J2 of Mp (IP). At 120 days after inoculation, seedlings were evaluated by counting the nematodes per gram of roots, and the final nematodes population was obtained (FP). The reproduction factor (RF) was calculated using the formula: RF = FP/IP. The reproduction factor reduction was used to classify the resistance levels of genotypes, which were classified as highly resistant (HR), resistant (R), moderately resistant (MR), moderately susceptible (MS), susceptible (S) an highly susceptible (HS). All genotypes differed from Catuaí in resistance factor (RF), five of which did not differ from IPR 100 for RF, and only the line IAPAR 15242 had RF &lt; 1.0. Out of 28 Arabica genotypes introgressed with C. liberica, five HR, 11 R, 11 MR and one MS were identified. However, only IAPAR 15242 and IPR 100 were classified as HR and presented 100% of HR plants, but only the first showed an RF &lt; 1.0. Results revealed that these Arabica coffee genotypes with introgression of C. liberica genes have great potential to be used in breeding programs and they are a new alternative as a source of resistance.

Variability of Genotypes of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Coffee Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix)

Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) caused large damage on Arabica coffee in Asia, Africa, and America. The resistant genotypes released to farmers in Brazil were developed from the existing cultivars. However, the cultivars of Arabica coffee existing in North Sumatra Province of Indonesia is not yet researched to find resistant genotypes. The goal of this reseach was to determine variability of coffee leaf rust and leaf morphology. In total of 84 genotypes growing in this Province were selected using nested design. Data was analyzed using nested design, correlation, stepwise regression, and hierarchical cluster analysis. This research revealed leaf rust severity had high genotypic variation, low heritability, and high genetic adveance. Ratios of leaf morhology showed moderate to high genotypic variation and heritabilities. Leaf rust severity (y) significantly correlated with both ratio of leaf length with leaf area (x1) and ratio of leaf length with leaf width (x2) with equation y = 2,04 + 62,48x1 3,95x2 with coefficient of multiple correlation R = 0,470**. By using leaf rust severity and these two ratios in cluster analysis, one cluster comprised 18 genotypes with medium leaf rust severity. It could be concluded that resistant genotypes of Arabica coffee might be possible to develop from the existing cultivars. Leaf rust severity might not be used as selection parameter in breeding for leaf rust resistance.

Performance of Biochemical Compounds and Cup Quality of Arabica Coffee as Influenced by Genotype and Growing Altitude

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) cultivation in the medium altitude (700-900 m above sea level, asl.) will face problems such as decreasing productivity, physical, biochemical and cup quality and increasing intensity of pest and diseaseattacks. Utilization of plant material that has good productivity and cup quality, resistance to pests and diseases is an effort that can be done to overcome theseproblems. The aims of this study is to evaluate performance of Arabica coffee quality grown at high and medium altitude area, as well as biochemical compound and cup quality changes that occur due to influence of genotypes and genotype × altitude interactions. Eight genotypes of Arabica coffee were evaluated at two locations namely KP Andungsari (1,250 m asl.) and Kalibendo (700 m asl.). The field design for each location was randomized complete block design with three replicates. Observations were made on the two quality aspects, namely the biochemical compounds and cup qualities. The result on the biochemical compounds showed that the altitude significantly affect to the content of caffeine, sucrose, and trigonelline. Effect of genotype × altitude occured to the caffeine, trigonelline, and sucrose content. Diversity of chlorogenic acid content was caused by the genotype effect. Cup test results showed that genotypes grown at high altitude had a better cup quality than genotypes on medium altitude. Cup quality variables that were changed due to altitude difference were fragrance and aroma, flavor, aftertaste, acidity, balance, and overall, while the cup quality variable that did not changed was the body. Characters of coffee aroma at the high altitude were floral, spicy and fruity, while at the medium altitude were herbal, green and grassy. The best quality genotype at the high altitude was K8, while at the medium altitude was K29. Environment (altitude) gives greater influence to the formation of coffee flavor variations produced compared to genotypes.

Phenotypic Diversity in Arabica Coffee Genotypes from Eastern Ethiopia

This study was conducted with objective to determine extent of phenotypic diversity in Arabica coffee accessions from Eastern Ethiopia. Treatments consisted of 49 coffee accessions. The accessions were field planted at Mechara Agricultural Research Center in July, 2005 using simple lattice design with two replications. Total of 15 quantitative characters were recorded using standard coffee descriptors. The collected data were subjected to SAS software for Analysis of variance. Cluster analysis was also done. Mean squares due to coffee accessions were highly significant (p<1%) for all quantitative characters studied except for number of internodes of main stem and average length of primary branch, indicating the presence of remarkable phenotypic variation among the coffee accessions studied. For stem characters, plant height varied from 94.00 to 165.40 cm; number of internodes of main stem ranged from 17.90 to 24.80 cm; internode length of main stem varied from 5.30 to 8.25 cm; diameter of main stem from 3.40 to 5.35 cm. For branch characters, number of primary branches ranged from 30.20 to 43.10; length of primary branch from 43.10 to 105.10 cm; numbers of internodes of primary branch 14 to 26.70; internode length of primary branch was from 3.20 to 5.73 cm; numbers of secondary branch varied from 41.10 to 133.20. For leaf characters, leaf length varied from 9.20 cm to 18.43 cm and with mean of 13.40 cm. Leaf width from 3.49 to 8.77 cm with mean vale of 6.24 cm. Average leaf area of all accessions was 57.96 with variation from 24.63 to 105.45 cm ². Weight of hundred beans ranged from 11 g for five accessions (H-25/04, H-40/04, H-41/04 and H-618/ 98) to 16.5 for H03/04 with mean value of 13.53 g. Cluster analysis grouped the coffee accessions into five groups of different sizes, ranging from one entry in cluster IV and V to 34 in cluster I. Inter-cluster distances were highly significant (p=0.01) except between cluster I and II, indicating presence of considerable phenotypic diversity in coffee accessions from eastern Ethiopia. It is advisable to maintain and evaluate the coffee genotypes for disease resistance, moisture stress tolerance, yield and cup quality in future studies.

Evaluation of arabica coffee propagation using cell suspension culture

Arabica coffee is highly produced in Indonesia, thus need to be propagated using a powerful approach like cell culture in somatic embryogeneis for providing seedlings. The study aimed to evaluate the use of cell cultures in somatic embryogenesis on several Arabica coffee genotypes. The embryogenic calli (200 mg) were subcultured into solid and liquid regeneration media (half concentration of Murashige and Skoog [MS] added with 2 mg/L of kinetine, 35 g/L of sucrose, 400 mg/L of casein hydrolisate, and mall extract). For the somatic embryos germination, MS media was used by adding it with 0.3 mg/L of BAP and 40 g/L of sucrose. The solid media was added with 2.5 g/L of phytagel. This study was used Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) (genotype and media solidity) with 10 replications.. The results showed that production of the number of somatic embryos is highly depended on the genotypes. The size of somatic embryos, fresh weight, and root length on the torpedo and germination phases in liquid media was higher than solid media. Using liquid media at germination phase isn’t recommended, because it can resulted hyperhydricity.

Resistance Variability of Arabica Coffee Genotypes (Coffea arabica L.) to Leaf Rust Disease (Hemileia vastatrix)

&lt;p&gt;Coffee leaf rust disease (&lt;em&gt;Hemileia vastatrix&lt;/em&gt;) causes large damage to Arabica coffee plantation in Asia, Africa, and America. In Indonesia, particularly in North Sumatra, the resistance level of Arabica coffee genotypes is still unknown. The objective of this research was to determine the resistance variability of Arabica coffee genotypes to leaf rust disease and its relation to leaf morphology. A total of 84 genotypes grown in North Sumatra were selected in November 2015 and 2016, and December 2017 using a nested design. Data were analyzed using nested design, correlation, stepwise regression, and cluster hierarchy analysis. The result showed that the G56 genotype performed the most resistant to leaf rust disease, with a severity of 5.21%. The severity of leaf rust disease has high genotypic variation, low heritability, and high genetic advance. Leaf morphological ratios showed moderate to high genotypic variation and heritability. The severity of leaf rust (y) significantly correlated with the ratio of leaf length to leaf area (x&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;) and the ratio of leaf length to leaf width (x&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) with the equation y = 2.04 + 62.48x&lt;sub&gt;1 &lt;/sub&gt;- 3.95x&lt;sub&gt;2,&lt;/sub&gt; and multiple correlation coefficients R = 0.470 **. By using the leaf rust severity and the two ratios in the cluster analysis, these 84 genotypes were grouped into five clusters. The result showed that several Arabica coffee genotypes with a high level of resistance to leaf rust disease are potential to be further developed.&lt;/p&gt;

Phenotypic and genotypic correlation among taste attributes and weight of green bean in Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.)

The coffee taste may primarily affect consumers in choosing coffee to drink. Information on phenotypic and genetic correlation of taste attributes of Arabica coffee is still lacking. The objective of this research was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic correlation among taste attributes and green bean weight of Arabica coffee. In this study, Nested design was used. The taste attributes and green bean weight of 28 genotypes of Arabica coffee growing in North Sumatra Province was analysed. In this research, it is hypothesized that taste attributes and green bean weight have significant phenotypic and genotypic correlation one another. The research result showed that total score performed significant genotypic correlation with fragrance, flavour, aftertaste, acidity, body and overall, respectively. Selection for aftertaste might be the first priority to get higher total score (rG = 0.953**). Sweetness had significant genetic correlation with green bean weight (rG = 0.420*). Total score of the taste attributes showed the highest phenotypic correlation with acidity (rP = 0.862**). Weight of green bean could not be used as selection parameter for better taste because no taste attribute did show phenotypic correlation with green bean weight. Breeding for taste quality through hybridization could be necessary in future research.

Effect of genotype and storage duration on taste and ecovalence of roasted beans of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.)

Coffee genotype that performs delicious taste for long time is an ideal coffee genotype that has to be created. Several researches reported that taste of roasted bean and ground coffee decreased along with duration of storage. However, no research reports revealed information about stability of taste of coffee. The goal of this research was to determine stability of taste. Twenty eight genotypes of Arabica coffee growing in North Sumatra Province of Indonesia were storaged in sealed aluminium foil packs on sorage duration of 0, 6, 12, and 18 months at room temperature. The research was carried out with randomized complete block design with three replications. The stability of taste was calculated by using Wricke’s ecovalence. The result revealed a highly significant differences in taste between genotypes as well as between storage duration. No interaction between genotype and storage duration. Based on the ecovalence, the genotypes could be grouped into 4 clusters. The initial taste score of genotypes at 0 month of storage duration had highly significant correlation with ecovalence of genotypes (r = 0,615∗∗). The higher the initial taste score was, the less stability of the taste was. Genotype Sm16 had the most stable taste over storage duration. It can be conculded that storage duration of roasted bean of Arabica coffee must be less than 6 month. Seletion on highest taste score would be the best way to maintain highest taste score after certain storage period even this genotype could have the lowest tability of taste. The date of roasting of coffee sold to public must be written on the pack.

Review Article: Genetics and Breeding Overview for Coffee Wilt Disease Resistance

The presence of intra- and inter specific variability in the coffee species provide a potential source of resistance to Coffee Wilt Disease (CWD). Additionally, the existence of Robusta and Arabica wilt pathogenic forms enables to design effective breeding strategies to develop resistant cultivars towards each population. The inheritance of resistance to Fussarium xylarioides in Coffea canephora suggested that resistance is controlled by polygenic. Heritability is low to moderate with low genetic gains of choosing a progeny of resistant parents as source of planting materials; so that resistant clones should be propagated vegetatively. Alternatively, in Arabica CWD resistance has been suggested that presence of certain quantitative with qualitative resistance. Moreover, Arabica coffee was lacking or low heterosis for resistance, predominance of additive over non additive genetic effects and estimated of high heritability coupled with genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) for resistance and incubation period; indicated that selection and hybridization are important to improve population and to obtain segregating generation, respectively. The resistant Arabica coffee genotypes were also significantly associated with extended incubation period, leaf area, stem diameter and minimum number of defoliated leaves than the susceptible genotypes. For further screening, promising resistant Arabica coffee genotypes were planted and also under evaluation for other major diseases, yield and quality traits at sick plot of Gera agricultural Research Sub Center, Ethiopia. Generally, CWD symptoms, source of resistance, host-pathogen interaction, resistance screening techniques, genotypes evaluation, inheritance of resistance, hybridization and resistant variety development approaches were comprehensively discussed. Keywords: Coffee Wilt Disease, Coffea Arabica , Coffea canephora , Resistance DOI: 10.7176/JEES/11-9-01 Publication date: September 30 th 2021

Germination performance of Coffea arabica L. genotypes from different altitude, precipitation and temperature of seeds producing farms in Sumatera Utara of Indonesia

Genotypes of Arabica coffee could perform different ability in seed germination. Biochemical contents of seeds could influence germination ability of seeds. Many studies reported that environment of seed producing site such as altitude, precipitation and temperature could affect amount of biochemical contents of seeds. However, germination ability of seeds of arabica coffee growing in different altitude and different climate zones of Sumatera Utara was not yet investigated. This research tested the effect of genotypes and these factors. Seven genotypes from seven different climate zones in seven districts of Sumatera Utara were tested for germination ability using randomized complete block design. The result showed that genotypes were significantly (a = 0.05) and highly significantly different (a = 0.01) in number of days to reach 80 % germination, percentage of germination, height of cotyledon, and height of the first leaf. Number of days to reach 80 % germination showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.930**) with percentage of germination but a significant positive correlation (r = 0.759*) with altitude of farms. It could be concluded that Arabica coffee genotypes affected seed germination ability. Seed germination ability was more affected by elevation of seed producing location rather than by precipitation and temperature.

Plant growth of genotypes of Arabica coffee on water stress

Drought tolerant genotype has to be created due to changing of world climate. Performance of Arabica coffee offspring might be affected by parental environment. In North Sumatra province of Indonesia, Arabica coffee were growing at a wide range of elevation, precipitation and temperature. Hence, drought tolerant genotype might be available in this coffee plantation. The objectives of this research were to determine effect of water stress on performance Arabica coffee genotypes. Seven genotypes which were selected from seven different environments as well as four level of water treatments (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% field capacity) were used. Paramaters were increment of plant height, stem diameter, and leaf number. Factorial experiment namely completely block design with two factors and three replications was conducted in the green house. The result revealed that interaction of genotype and level of water treatment was highly significant. Genotype Tobe2 seemed to be the most tolerant to water stress. Increment of leaf number of descendant had a negative significant correlation with minimum precipitation of parental environment. Increment of stem diameter of offspring positively significantly correlated with average temperature of parental environment. It could be concluded that it could be possible to carry out selection for drought tolerant genotype from the existing population of Arabica coffee. However, selection should be conducted in a controlled condition due to significant GxE interaction.

Sensory analysis and chemical composition of ‘bourbon’ coffees cultivated in different environments

Given the growing participation and appreciation of specialty coffees in the international market, coupled to the intrinsic quality of cultivar Bourbon for the production of differentiated coffees and the environmental diversity of Brazil, this study was conducted, with the objective to evaluate how the interaction between ‘Bourbon’ genotypes and different environments affect the sensory quality of coffees, besides relating the chemical composition (trigoneline, 5-CQA and caffeine) of beans with their sensory profile. Four Arabica coffee genotypes were evaluated: one of them is widely grown in Brazil ( Mundo Novo ) and three belong to the group of cultivar Bourbon. The genotypes were evaluated in a field experiment, in Lavras, MG; Santo Antonio do Amparo, MG and Sao Sebastiao da Grama, SP. Thelatter was the most promising environment for the production of specialty coffees. Genotypes Yellow Bourbon IAC J9 and Yellow Bourbon/SSP were the most suitable for the production of specialty coffees. Regardless of culture environment, the genotype Yellow Bourbon/CM is not suitable for the production of specialty coffees. Caffeine content enabled coffee differentiation regarding beverage quality. Coffees with superior quality have lower caffeine contents. The content of 5-CQAallowed to differentiate environments.

Adaptability and stability of organic-grown arabica coffee production using the modified centroid method

Abstract This study aimed to identify promising arabica coffee genotypes for organic systems. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design, with 30 genotypes and three replications. The adaptability and stability analysis was carried out using the modified centroid method, considering the mean yield of two biennia (2005/2006 and 2006/2007, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009) in three municipalities (Araponga, Espera Feliz, and Tombos), totaling six environments. Significant genotype x environment interaction was observed for yield, and the municipality of Espera Feliz was the only favorable environment. Genotypes were classified into four of the seven groups proposed by the modified centroid method: maximum general adaptability (I), minimum adaptability (IV), mean general adaptability (V), and mean specific adaptability to favorable environments (VI). Cultivars IBC Palma 1, CatucaiAmarelo24/137, Sabia 708, and H 518 are widely adapted, stable, productive and suitable for organic farming.

Ciclo precoce de maturação dos frutos e produtividade em genótipos de café derivadas de C1195-5-6-2

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar cafeeiros com ciclo de maturação precoce e muito precoce com alta produtividade, em progênies de café arábica portadoras de genes de &lt;em&gt;C. racemosa&lt;/em&gt;. O experimento de campo foi instalado no IAPAR, em setembro de 2007, em Londrina, PR, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e parcelas de cinco plantas no espaçamento de 2,5 x 0,5 m. Foram avaliadas 17 progênies F1RC6 derivadas de retrocruzamentos de diferentes genótipos de café arábica com uma planta F2 do genótipo C1195-5-6-2. Como padrões comparativos foram utilizadas as cultivares IAPAR 59, IPR 99 e Catuaí Vermelho IAC 81 que possuem, respectivamente, ciclos de maturação semiprecoce, semitardio e tardio. Foram avaliadas as características produção, vigor vegetativo e ciclo de maturação dos frutos. As avaliações de maturação e vigor foram realizadas através de escala de notas e a produtividade em volume de frutos. As progênies H0509, H0501, H0518, H0513, H0508, H0510, H0505, H0506, H0514 e H0504 foram mais precoces do que seus parentais. Entre elas, as progênies H0518, H0507 e H0508 foram mais produtivos do que as testemunhas e não diferiram estatisticamente quanto ao vigor vegetativo. Foram identificadas 10 progênies F1RC6 de café arábica, portadoras de genes de &lt;em&gt;C. racemosa&lt;/em&gt; com potencial para se tornarem cultivares com ciclo precoce e muito precoce. A característica de ciclo precoce de maturação dos frutos de &lt;em&gt;C. racemosa&lt;/em&gt;, presente no C1195-5-6-2, permaneceu após os diversos ciclos de cruzamento com &lt;em&gt;C. arabica&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;