Geneva Mechanism Research Articles

Design and implementation of tilting‐plate drainage equipment for paddy field

AbstractDrainage equipment is an important part of paddy field drainage and irrigation system, and its performance research and application are conducive to the promotion and implementation of high‐standard farmland construction. Aiming at the different water demand of rice in different growing stages, low water level control precision, large manual operation and extensive management of existing drainage machinery, a tilting‐plate drainage equipment using upper overflow mode was proposed in this paper. Based on the Geneva mechanism principle, a unique linkage mechanism is designed, which can realize water retaining operation and silt discharge operation through a single motor drive, and the relationship between the motor angle and the water retaining height is established. Through mechanical analysis and dynamic simulation of the mechanism, the motion characteristics of the water baffle, silt plate and the change of the motor torque are studied. A remote control system based on a 4G module is designed to control the drainage equipment easily through the user layer. The performance test of the prototype shows that the precision error of the optimized water retaining height control is less than 3.75%. The maximum height of water retaining operation is 180 mm, and the maximum load of silt discharge operation is 10 kg, which can meet the actual operation requirements. The design is beneficial to improve the precision and intelligence level of paddy field drainage management, and the research process can provide some help for the development and application of this kind of equipment.

A method to synthesise groove cam Geneva mechanisms with increased dwell period

The present study develops a method to synthesise the groove cam Geneva mechanism with increased dwell period. The main condition of the synthesis is to provide the desired law of motion of the wheel. Additional synthesis conditions are the limitation of the maximum pressure angle and the limitation of the minimum curvature radius of the cam profile. Unlike the conventional Geneva mechanisms, the synthesised groove cam Geneva mechanisms enable motion of the wheel due to an arbitrarily specified law, double locking of the wheel at its dwell-to-motion and motion-to-dwell transitions, absence of soft impacts in the extreme positions. The analysis shows that for the cycloidal law of motion, number of slots in range 3–15 and additional dwell coefficient in range 0–0.7, the operating time coefficient can be provided in wide range from 0.053 to 0.765. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated by numerical examples.

Analysis of Mechanical Error in Spherical Geneva Mechanism - A Stochastic Approach by

Analysis of Mechanical Error in Spherical Geneva Mechanism - A Stochastic Approach by

Review with Analytical-Numerical Comparison of Contact Force Models for Slotted Joints in Machines

The pin-in-the-slot joint is a common element in machines, and the dynamics of joints with clearances is an actively investigated topic. Important applications of such a joint can be found in Geneva mechanisms, robotized gear selectors, centrifugal vibration absorbers (CPVA) and other important mechanical devices. The paper will review the main analytical steps required to obtain the equations characterizing the different force contact models. Furthermore, a numerical test bench where such models are introduced for modeling the clearances between the pin and slot is proposed. In this regard, the present study will offer a comparison and discussion of the numerical results obtained with the different force contact models herein reviewed.

Design and Development of Fertilizer Point-Applied Device in Root-Zone

HighlightsWe proposed an intermittent fertilization device driven by a Geneva mechanism.We explored fertilizer particles distribution performance by DEM-MBD simulation.We studied the factors affecting the distribution length of fertilizer particles in the FPAD.It showed that the mechanical implementation of RZF is effective in improving fertilizer utilization.Abstract. Root-zone fertilization (RZF) can improve fertilizer utilization, but effective mechanical implementation methods are lacking. This article innovatively proposes an intermittent fertilization device driven by a Geneva mechanism, which can discharge fertilizer into points. The fertilizer discharge uniformity of the fertilizer feeder device was studied. The DEM-MBD method examined the factors affecting the distribution length of fertilizer particles in the fertilizer point-applied device. When the height of the fertilizer discharged is lower, the amount of fertilizer released from the hole is smaller. The operating speed is slower, the distribution of fertilizer particles is more concentrated, and the concentration of fertilizer particles discharged by the 5-slot fertilizer discharging device is better than that of the 6-slot fertilizer discharging device. Field experiments show that the average plant height and diameter of RZF is higher than Banding fertilization (BF) in different growth periods, which can increase the yield by 4.57%. It shows that the mechanical implementation of RZF is effective in improving fertilizer utilization. Keywords: DEM-MBD, Fertilizer point-applied device, Particles distribution, Root-zone fertilization.

Contact temperature analysis of the classical Geneva mechanism through numerical methods

In this study, the flash temperature of the classical Geneva mechanism has been studied using the numerical method. An excessive sliding motion between the wheel and pin leads to the generation ofheat at the contact surfaces, which raises the surface temperature of the two contacting bodies. The flash temperature has been anticipated for differentloading cases and coefficients of friction. The analytical Blok equation results are compared with the finite element results, and the results are satisfactory for maximum temperature. Based on the simulation results, the maximum contact temperature occurred in the driving crankpin within 10-15° and 70–75° of the angular position, and as the load increased the contact temperature also increases. In addition, the angular velocity increment produced higher temperatures than the torque load increments.

Design and experiment of vertical pneumatic fertilization system with spiral Geneva mechanism

In the traditional fertilization method, a large amount of fertilizer is applied, which causes congestion easily. It is not conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture. In this work, a vertical pneumatic fertilization system with a spiral Geneva mechanism was designed according to the operational requirements of variable-rate and smooth fertilization. The uniformity in discharging fertilizer with different spiral angles was simulated and analyzed by extended discrete element method (EDEM) based simulation software, from where the spiral angle of the fertilizer discharge wheel was determined to be 45°. The fertilization system includes a fertilizer apparatus with a spiral Geneva mechanism, whose optimal performance parameters were obtained from the bench experiment. The accuracy and uniformity of the fertilizer application system were taken as the evaluation indicators. The linear relationships of the discharged amount of fertilizer with the rotational speed and the opening of the fertilizer discharging wheel were verified by both static blowing fertilization and field experiments. The static blowing experimental results show that the discharged amount of fertilizer has a high linear correlation and accuracy with both the opening and rotational speed, and the highest correlation occurs with the rotational speed. The rotational speed and opening have significant effects on the discharged amount of fertilizer and the average coefficient of variation. The effect of the rotational speed was the most significant. According to the model obtained by multiple regression fittings, the optimal parameters were determined when the average coefficient of variation was small, the rotational speed was 15.9 r/min and the opening was 34.4 mm. Therefore, the purpose of precise fertilization can be achieved by adjusting the opening or rotational speed in a way to get the exact amount of fertilizer discharged as required by the corresponding crops. The field experiment showed that the variation coefficient of each fertilizer discharged decreases first and then increases with an increasing opening under different rotational speeds, which is consistent with the theoretical value. When the opening was 40 mm or 50 mm, the variation coefficient reached the minimum value, which is far less than the qualified index of 7.8%. In the static blowing experiment and the dynamic field experiment, the stability of the fertilizer discharging device can be significantly enhanced with the utilization of the pneumatic conveying fertilizer. This study can provide a theoretical reference for parameter selection and optimization of vertical spiral fertilization systems. Keywords: precision fertilization, fertilizer apparatus, variable rate technology, spiral Geneva mechanism, simulation analysis, performance experiment DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211404.6575 Citation: Chen H B, Zheng J F, Lu S J, Zeng S, Wei S L. Design and experiment of vertical pneumatic fertilization system with spiral Geneva mechanism. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(4): 135–144.

Optimization of selective laser etching (SLE) for glass micromechanical structure fabrication.

In this work, we show how femtosecond (fs) laser-based selective glass etching (SLE) can be used to expand capabilities in fabricating 3D structures out of a single piece of glass. First, an investigation of the etching process is performed, taking into account various laser parameters and scanning strategies. These results provide critical insights into the optimization of the process allowing to increase manufacturing throughput. Afterward, various complex 3D glass structures such as microfluidic elements embedded inside the volume of glass or channel systems with integrated functional elements are produced. A single helix spring of 1 mm diameter is also made, showing the possibility to compress it by 50%. Finally, 3D structuring capabilities are used to produce an assembly-free movable ball-joint-based chain and magnet-actuated Geneva mechanism. Due to minimized friction caused by low (down to 200 nm RMS) surface roughness of SLE-produced structures, the Geneva mechanism was shown to be capable of rotating up to 2000 RPM.

Geneva Mechanism Geometric Resolution

Geneva Mechanism Geometric Resolution

Design and experiment of vertical pneumatic fertilization system with spiral Geneva mechanism

In the traditional fertilization method, a large amount of fertilizer is applied, which causes congestion easily. It is not conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture. In this work, a vertical pneumatic fertilization system with a spiral Geneva mechanism was designed according to the operational requirements of variable-rate and smooth fertilization. The uniformity in discharging fertilizer with different spiral angles was simulated and analyzed by extended discrete element method (EDEM) based simulation software, from where the spiral angle of the fertilizer discharge wheel was determined to be 45°. The fertilization system includes a fertilizer apparatus with a spiral Geneva mechanism, whose optimal performance parameters were obtained from the bench experiment. The accuracy and uniformity of the fertilizer application system were taken as the evaluation indicators. The linear relationships of the discharged amount of fertilizer with the rotational speed and the opening of the fertilizer discharging wheel were verified by both static blowing fertilization and field experiments. The static blowing experimental results show that the discharged amount of fertilizer has a high linear correlation and accuracy with both the opening and rotational speed, and the highest correlation occurs with the rotational speed. The rotational speed and opening have significant effects on the discharged amount of fertilizer and the average coefficient of variation. The effect of the rotational speed was the most significant. According to the model obtained by multiple regression fittings, the optimal parameters were determined when the average coefficient of variation was small, the rotational speed was 15.9 r/min and the opening was 34.4 mm. Therefore, the purpose of precise fertilization can be achieved by adjusting the opening or rotational speed in a way to get the exact amount of fertilizer discharged as required by the corresponding crops. The field experiment showed that the variation coefficient of each fertilizer discharged decreases first and then increases with an increasing opening under different rotational speeds, which is consistent with the theoretical value. When the opening was 40 mm or 50 mm, the variation coefficient reached the minimum value, which is far less than the qualified index of 7.8%. In the static blowing experiment and the dynamic field experiment, the stability of the fertilizer discharging device can be significantly enhanced with the utilization of the pneumatic conveying fertilizer. This study can provide a theoretical reference for parameter selection and optimization of vertical spiral fertilization systems. Keywords: precision fertilization, fertilizer apparatus, variable rate technology, spiral Geneva mechanism, simulation analysis, performance experiment DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211404.6575 Citation: Chen H B, Zheng J F, Lu S J, Zeng S, Wei S L. Design and experiment of vertical pneumatic fertilization system with spiral Geneva mechanism. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(4): 135–144.

Analysis of Geneva mechanism using dwell symmetrical coupler curve mechanism

Conveyor belt is a dedicated machine which is used in transporting the goods in assembly line area. This machine is driven by using a single mechanism for an operation. Here the focus is on the Geneva wheel which is used for this respective operation. Geneva Wheel mechanism here rotates and the index the roller in the conveyor belt one by one step. As we know there is the major drawback of a Geneva mechanism that jerk a lot while the operation is in process due to which it loses its acceleration. Here a symmetrical coupler curve of 4 bar mechanism which run on a Dwell curve is added to avoid the jerk as low as it can. The forces are analysed on the simulated mechanism with meshing method and the result to be presented in a graphical order, which represent the Von Mises stress and displacement.

Synthesis of Two New Mechanisms Which Generate a Highly Aesthetic Design Image—The Flower of Life

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to develop the field of mechanisms that generate aesthetic curves, as they can be useful in designing machines for the manufacture of highly beautiful products. We started from the image of the Flower of Life and we set out to build mechanisms in the field of mechanical engineering that can generate this image. (2) Methods: First, we studied in detail the geometry of the figure. Secondly, based on the mathematical considerations, we made the synthesis of a mechanism able to trace this image, based on the Geneva mechanism with intermittent movement. We completed this mechanism with other kinematic chains, so we generated the proposed curve. Next, we made the synthesis of the second generating mechanism. This was a gear mechanism with compound profiles to which we added additional kinematic chains to generate the Flower of Life curve. Further on, kinematics was applied to confirm the drawing of the curves with the closed loop method. (3) Results: The results obtained following the study and presented in the paper show that the two created mechanisms generate images (trajectories) identical to the Flower of Life. Moreover, other images similar to the Flower of Life, with great artistic potential, were obtained. (4) Conclusions: The aim of the study was achieved, the authors proposed two new mechanisms which generate a highly aesthetic design image—the “Flower of Life”. The paper provides all the notions of structure and kinematics that are necessary to calculate the mechanisms and also analyzes other kinematic possibilities of the created mechanisms. The paper contributes to the development of a new field in the Theory of Mechanisms: generating aesthetic curves.

Geneva Mechanism Geometric Resolution

Geneva mechanisms have been used to obtain an output intermittent circular motion by the means of a continuous circular motion. It offers the option of having a rest time with between motions in the output link. This paper is intended to provide the geometric resolution of this mechanisms via number of steps and diameter of output link. The approach is theorical and does not include tolerances for pins, grooves or locking wheels.

Study behavior of Geneva mechanism using 3D printing technology

The authors developed a study for behaviour of Geneva mechanism considering different materials and technologies. Generally, there are three basic types of Geneva motion mechanisms named external, internal and spherical. In this paper the authors considered external Geneva mechanism. The design and machining of a conventional Geneva mechanism are generally well known, but there are some particularities, if we consider 3D printing technologies. Conventional, Geneva mechanisms are used to low-speed applications, or to those in which noise and vibration are of no importance. Using PLA+Copper or ABS materials noise and vibrations are reduced considerably. Also, the entire mechanism has a reduced weight. There were considered different fill factors for 3D printed parts. The experimental setup allows fast changing of mechanism parts. This research aims the study of behaviour of 3D Printed machine elements like: springs, bearings, clutches gears, bellows, diaphragms, bushes, brakes, sliders, etc developed by authors.

Comparison of AR and physical experiential learning environment in supporting product innovation

This article compares how virtual and physical learning aids enhance learners’ product innovation capability, that is, design experiences and domain knowledge. The virtual aid utilises augmented reality (AR) allowing learners to experience a range of animated mechanisms using smart devices. The legacy physical aid mechanisms were made using three-dimensional printers. We studied the effects of both manipulatives on learners’ understanding of mechanical movements, for example, rack and pinion, and Geneva mechanism. To investigate learning impact of each aid, we compared the experimental results derived from two learners groups (13 participants each). This study provides a case to support product innovation education under an experiential learning environment. The outcomes showed that both aids were useful in enhancing design experiences and domain knowledge. Pre-and-post attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction motivation of both aids was found to be similar. However, distinctive differences were observed in terms of divergent search for ideation, suggesting for further research in combining both aids. We also found that learners’ learning motivation is lower in AR-based aid.

Design of a novel coaxial eccentric indexing cam mechanism

A novel coaxial eccentric indexing cam mechanism (CEC) is proposed for high-speed automatic machineries. In comparison with the conventional indexing cam mechanisms such as parallel, globoidal, cylindrical cam mechanisms as well as the Geneva mechanism, the merits of this novel mechanism are: (1) more compact structure and (2) higher indexing rate. The structure and transmission principle of the mechanism are introduced and the cam profiles are formulated with an emphasis to derive two design criteria. The influences of the geometric parameters on the kinematic performance of the mechanism are also discussed through significant numerical analyses. Finally, the dynamic performance of a virtual prototype is analyzed with the aid of SolidWorks, and the physical prototype is manufactured to verify the validity of this design.

Modelling of Rapid Injection Moulding by Geneva Mechanism in Plastic Manufacturing

Modelling of Rapid Injection Moulding by Geneva Mechanism in Plastic Manufacturing

Design and Fabrication of Multilevel Car Parking System- using Geneva Mechanism

Design and Fabrication of Multilevel Car Parking System- using Geneva Mechanism

REVIEW ON GENEVA MECHANISM AND ITS APPLICATION

REVIEW ON GENEVA MECHANISM AND ITS APPLICATION

Creating New Generation of Actuators for Shut-off and Control Ball Valves with Double-Gate

The paper considesr non-global structural analogues actuators for shut-off and control ball valves with double-gate, providing exceptional technical characteristics (bandwidth and control range) in comparison with the analogues. Equipping such ball valve with an intelligent actuator featuring a special Geneva mechanism allows using only one actuator to provide the shut-off function, control, and deduction of a required working position with no energy required. This provides significant additional economic benefits compared to the known imported functional equivalents. The analytical review of existing constructive actuators solutions is conducted and the issued related to the calculation of their main characteristics are reviewed.