Generic Correlation Research Articles

Evaluation of Formaldehyde Emission from Particleboard Using the Large Chamber and Desiccator Method

The formaldehyde emission from particleboard using different method was investigated in this study. It was found that there is a good correlation between different air exchange rates as they relate to the same product-loading ratio in the large chamber. There was also an indication of a generic correlation between the large chamber and the two-hour desiccator test with a single product designated loading ratio, air exchange rate, and climatic conditions.

Entanglement is not a lower bound for geometric discord

We show that partial transposition of any $2\otimes n$ state can have at most $(n-1)$ number of negative eigenvalues. This extends a decade old result of $2\otimes 2$ case by Sanpera et al [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 58}, 826 (1998)]. We then apply this result to critically assess an important conjecture recently made in [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 84}, 052110 (2011)], namely, the (normalized) geometric discord should always be lower bounded by squared negativity. This conjecture has strengthened the common belief that measures of generic quantum correlations should be more than those of entanglement. Our analysis shows that unfortunately this is not the case and we give several counterexamples to this conjecture. All the examples considered here are in finite dimensions. Surprisingly, there are counterexamples in $2\otimes n$ for any $n>2$. Coincidentally, it appears that the $4\otimes 4$ Werner state, when seen as a $2\otimes 8$ dimensional state, also violates the conjecture. This result contributes significantly to the negative side of the current ongoing debates on the defining notion of geometric discord as a good measure of generic correlations.

A Two-View Concept Correlation Based Video Annotation Refinement

Recently, concept correlation defining the relationship between concepts has been playing an important role in video annotation (or concept detection). To improve the annotation performance, this paper presents a two-view concept correlation based video annotation refinement, using data-specific spatial and temporal concept correlations. Specifically, instead of generic concept correlation within shots, the spatial view estimates a data-specific concept correlation for each shot, via introducing concept correlation bases to map low-level features to high-level concept distribution under the framework of sparse representation. On the other hand, beyond the temporal consistency of one concept, a richer temporal correlation between different concepts respectively locating in the current shot and its neighbors is utilized to adjust the detection scores. In the end, these two types of concept correlations are integrated into a probability calculation based framework to refine the initial results derived from multiple concept detectors. And the experiments conducted on TRECVID 2006-2008 datasets and comparison with existing works demonstrate its effectiveness.

Negative correlation between power-law scaling and Hurst exponents in long-range connective sandpile models and real seismicity

We propose a generic negative correlation between power-law scaling and Hurst exponents for size/magnitude data from real and synthetic earthquakes. The synthetic earthquakes were produced from a conceptual earthquake model, the long-range connective sandpile (LRCS) model. The LRCS model is a new modification of sandpile models that considers the random distant connection between two separated cells instead of neighboring cells. We calculated the Hurst exponent H and the power-law scaling exponent B for event size data in the LRCS model. We systematically explored the relationships between these two exponents ( H and B) and conclusively obtained a negative correlation between H and B. We also found this negative correlation for real earthquake data registered in the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau (CWB) catalog. This negative correlation has not been demonstrated previously for real seismicity, although it has been frequently suggested.

Massless Interacting Scalar Quantum Fields in deSitter Spacetime

We generalize key aspects of arXiv:1010.5367 (and also arXiv:1010.5327) to the case of {\em massless} $\lambda \phi^{2n}$ quantum field theory on deSitter spacetime. As in that paper, our key objective is to derive a suitable "Mellin-Barnes-type" representation of deSitter correlation functions in a deSitter-invariant state, which holds to arbitrary orders in perturbation theory, and which incorporates renormalization. The representation is suitable for the study of large distance/time properties of correlation functions. It is arrived at via an analytic continuation from the corresponding objects on the sphere, and, as in the massive case, relies on the use of graph-polynomials and their properties, as well as other tools. However, the perturbation expansion is organized somewhat differently in the massless case, due to the well-known subtleties associated with the "zero-mode" of the quantum field. In particular, the correlation functions do not possess a well-defined limit as the self-coupling constant of the field goes to zero, reflecting the well-known non-existence of a deSitter invariant state in the free massless scalar theory. We establish that generic correlation functions cannot grow more than polynomially in proper time for large time-like separations of the points. Our results thus leave open the possibility of quantum induced IR-instabilities of deSitter spacetime on very large time-scales.

ICONE19-43273 INVESTIGATION OF CRITICAL HEAT FLUX IN THE ROD BUNDLE USING MECHANISTIC APPROACH IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SUBCHANNEL CODE

Critical Heat Flux (CHF) is one of the important parameters for the thermal design of a rod bundle. Subchannel analysis is recommended in the absence of experimental data to determine the thermal margin of a new fuel design using empirical correlations. However, there are a large number of empirical CHF correlations available even for a simple geometry which indicates that a generic correlation with wide range of validity is not available in the literature and hence mechanistic approach could be more appropriate. A mechanistic model based on the Liquid Film Dryout approach with the constitutive models suitable for the BWR conditions have been employed in conjunction with the subchannel code COBRA-IIIC. This paper deals with the film dryout analysis of a typical BWR fuel bundle considering a simplified mechanistic approach in conjunction with the subchannel code.

Modelling of fluidized bed biomass gasification in the quasi-equilibrium regime for preliminary performance studies of energy conversion plants

Thermodynamic equilibrium-based models of gasification process are relatively simple and widely used to predict producer gas characteristics in performance studies of energy conversion plants. However, if an unconstrained calculation of equilibrium is performed, the estimations of product gas yield and heating value are too optimistic. Therefore, reasonable assumptions have to be made in order to correct the results. This paper proposes a model of the process that can be used in case of deficiency of information and unavailability of experimental data. The model is based on free energy minimization, material and energy balances of a single zone reactor. The constraint quasiequilibrium calculations are made using approximated amounts of non-equilibrium products, i.e. solid char, tar, CH4 and C2H4. The yields of these products are attributed to fuel characteristics and estimated using experimental results published in the literature. A genetic algorithm optimization technique is applied to find unknown parameters of the model that lead to the best match between modelled and experimental characteristics of the product gas. Finally, generic correlations are proposed and quality of modelling results is assessed in the aspect of its usefulness for performance studies of power generation plants.

A hybrid approach to advancing quantitative prediction of tissue distribution of basic drugs in human

A general toxicity of basic drugs is related to phospholipidosis in tissues. Therefore, it is essential to predict the tissue distribution of basic drugs to facilitate an initial estimate of that toxicity. The objective of the present study was to further assess the original prediction method that consisted of using the binding to red blood cells measured in vitro for the unbound drug (RBCu) as a surrogate for tissue distribution, by correlating it to unbound tissue:plasma partition coefficients (Kpu) of several tissues, and finally to predict volume of distribution at steady-state (V ss) in humans under in vivo conditions. This correlation method demonstrated inaccurate predictions of V ss for particular basic drugs that did not follow the original correlation principle. Therefore, the novelty of this study is to provide clarity on the actual hypotheses to identify i) the impact of pharmacological mode of action on the generic correlation of RBCu–Kpu, ii) additional mechanisms of tissue distribution for the outlier drugs, iii) molecular features and properties that differentiate compounds as outliers in the original correlation analysis in order to facilitate its applicability domain alongside the properties already used so far, and finally iv) to present a novel and refined correlation method that is superior to what has been previously published for the prediction of human V ss of basic drugs. Applying a refined correlation method after identifying outliers would facilitate the prediction of more accurate distribution parameters as key inputs used in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and phospholipidosis models.

Some M-ary Sequence Designs for Pulse-Based UWB and Other Systems Based on PPM

This paper describes various block waveform encoded (M-ary) signal designs using pulse-position-modulation (PPM) that are useful in pulse-based ultra wideband (UWB) communications in wireless, cable and twisted-pair wire channels, and in other systems based on PPM (not necessarily of UWB nature). This work is focused in four interesting M-ary PPM signal designs: Orthogonal, Equicorrelated, N-orthogonal, and Generic Correlation designs. The designs are based on algebraic constructions with favorable correlation properties, mapping the algebraic constructions into sequences of time shifts to get PPM signals with good correlation properties. For each signal design, the normalized correlation properties are described, the design method is given, and examples of the designs are presented.

Large non-Gaussianities in the effective field theory approach to single-field inflation: the bispectrum

The methods of effective field theory are used to study generic theories ofinflation with a single inflaton field and to perform a general analysisof the associated non-Gaussianities. We investigate the amplitudes and shapes of the various generic three-point correlators, the bispectra, which may be generated by different classes of single-field inflationary models. Besides the well-known results for theDBI-like models and the ghost inflationary theories, we point out that curvature-related interactions may give rise to large non-Gaussianities in the form of bispectra characterized by a flat shape which, quite interestingly, is independently produced by several interaction terms. In a subsequent work, we will perform a similargeneral analysis for the non-Gaussianities generated by the generic four-point correlator, the trispectrum.

Quantum process estimation via generic two-body correlations

Performance of quantum process estimation is naturally limited to fundamental, random, and systematic imperfections in preparations and measurements. These imperfections may lead to considerable errors in the process reconstruction due to the fact that standard data analysis techniques presume ideal devices. Here, by utilizing generic auxiliary quantum or classical correlations, we provide a framework for estimation of quantum dynamics via a single measurement apparatus. By construction, this approach can be applied to quantum tomography schemes with calibrated faulty state generators and analyzers. Specifically, we present a generalization of "Direct Characterization of Quantum Dynamics" [M. Mohseni and D. A. Lidar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 170501 (2006)] with an imperfect Bell-state analyzer. We demonstrate that, for several physically relevant noisy preparations and measurements, only classical correlations and small data processing overhead are sufficient to accomplish the full system identification. Furthermore, we provide the optimal input states for which the error amplification due to inversion on the measurement data is minimal.

Superheavy research at RIKEN

At RIKEN, Japan, we performed experiments to study the productions and decays of the heaviest elements produced by 208Pb- and 209Bi- based ‘cold fusion’ reactions. A gas-filled recoil separator GARIS was used for the study. In the study of 209Bi( 70Zn, n) reaction, we observed two decay chains originating from an isotope of the 113th element, 178113, which were assigned firstly by generic correlation of the alpha decay chains connected into the previously known decay of 266Bh and 262Db via previously unknown alpha decays of 278113, 274Rg, and 270Mt. In addition, decay properties of an isotope 266Bh and its daughter nucleus 262Db produced by the 248Cm( 23Na, 5n) reaction were studied. 266Bh was clearly identified from the correlation of the known nuclide, 262Db, providing further confirmation of the discovery of 278113.

SUPERHEAVY RESEARCH AT RIKEN

At RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) in Japan, we have performed experiments to study the productions and decays of the heaviest elements produced by one neutron emission channels of 208 Pb and 209 Bi based heavy-ion induced fusion reactions. A gas-filled type recoil separator has been used for collecting evaporation residues of the reactions separating them from high intensity beam particles. The reactions studied were 208 Pb (58 Fe , n )265 Hs , 208 Pb (64 Ni , n ) 271 Ds , 209 Bi (64 Ni , n ) 272 Rg , 208 Pb (70 Zn , n ) 277112, and 209 Bi (70 Zn , n ) 278113. In studies of the first four reactions we have provided the independent confirmations of the productions and their decays of the isotopes, 265 Hs , 271 Ds , 272 Rg , and 277112, as well as the decay properties of their decay daughters, previously studied by Hofmann et al., a group of Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Germany. In the last reaction, we observed two decay chains originated from the isotope 278113, assigned firstly by generic correlation of the alpha decay chains connected into the previously known decay of 266 Bh and 262 Db via previously unknown alpha decays of 278113, 274 Rg and 270 Mt .

Quantification of the coarsening kinetics of γ′ precipitates in Waspaloy microstructures with different prior homogenizing treatments

We report on quantification of the γ′ precipitate population, and its coarsening behavior, in controlled Waspaloy microstructures synthesized to possess γ matrix grain sizes ranging from 13 to 89 μm. The grain microstructures were produced by initial solution-treatments at 1045, 1090 and 1145 °C. The γ′ precipitates were obtained by aging at 779 and 796 °C for times ranging from 0.1 to 263.5 h. Specimen characterization was conducted via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, DC four-point probe resistivity and ex situ ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) experiments at each aging time. The γ′ size distribution, obtained from the USAXS analysis, transformed from an initial unimodal to an eventual bimodal distribution with continued aging. The overall coarsening kinetics, although non-steady state, followed t 1/3 behavior, when the primary γ′ radius was used as the quantifying precipitate dimension. The coarsening rate constants were primarily determined by the aging temperature used, while the influence of prior homogenizing treatments was minimal to non-existent. A generic correlation was found to exist between a newly proposed figure-of-merit of scattering, η based on the USAXS-derived γ′ precipitate distribution(s) and the measured electrical resistivity.

A novel approach to the rapid assignment of 13C NMR spectra of major components of vegetable oils such as avocado, mango kernel and macadamia nut oils

Assignment of (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of major fatty acid components of South African produced vegetable oils was attempted using a method in which the vegetable oil was spiked with a standard triacylglycerol. This proved to be inadequate and therefore a new rapid and potentially generic graphical linear correlation method is proposed for assignment of the (13)C NMR spectra of major fatty acid components of apricot kernel, avocado pear, grapeseed, macadamia nut, mango kernel and marula vegetable oils. In this graphical correlation method, chemical shifts of fatty acids present in a known standard triacylglycerol is plotted against the corresponding chemical shifts of fatty acids present in the vegetable oils. This new approach (under carefully defined conditions and concentrations) was found especially useful for spectrally crowded regions where significant peak overlap occurs and was validated with the well-known (13)C NMR spectrum of olive oil which has been extensively reported in the literature. In this way, a full assignment of the (13)C{1H} NMR spectra of the vegetable oils, as well as tripalmitolein was readily achieved and the resonances belonging to the palmitoleic acid component of the triacylglycerols in the case of macadamia nut and avocado pear oil resonances were also assigned for the first time in the (13)C NMR spectra of these oils.

Superheavy research in Japan

At RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) in Japan, we have performed experiments to study the productions and decays of the heaviest elements produced by one-neutron emission channels of 208Pb and 209Bi based heavy-ion-induced fusion reactions. A gas-filled-type recoil separator has been used for collecting evaporation residues of the reactions separating them from high intensity beam particles. The reactions studied were 208Pb( 58Fe,n) 265Hs, 208Pb( 64Ni,n) 271Ds, 209Bi( 64Ni,n) 272Rg, 208Pb( 70Zn, n) 277112, and 209Bi( 70Zn,n) 278113. In studies of the first four reactions we have provided the independent confirmations of the productions and their decays of the isotopes, 265Hs, 271Ds, 272Rg, and 277112, as well as the decay properties of their decay daughters, previously studied by Hofmann et al., a group of Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Germany. In the last reaction, we observed two decay chains originated from the isotope 278113, assigned firstly by generic correlation of the alpha decay chains connected into the previously known decay of 266Bh and 262Db via previously unknown alpha decays of 278113, 274Rg and 270Mt.

Naturally flavorful supersymmetry at the LHC

The suppression of flavor and $CP$ violation in supersymmetric theories may be due to the mechanism responsible for the structure of the Yukawa couplings. We study model independently the compatibility between low-energy flavor and $CP$ constraints and observability of superparticles at the LHC, assuming a generic correlation between the Yukawa couplings and the supersymmetry breaking parameters. We find that the superpotential operators that generate scalar trilinear interactions are generically problematic. We discuss several ways in which this tension is naturally avoided. In particular, we focus on several frameworks in which the dangerous operators are naturally absent. These frameworks can be combined with many theories of flavor, including those with (flat or warped) extra dimensions, strong dynamics, or flavor symmetries. We show that the resulting theories can avoid all the low-energy constraints while keeping the superparticles light. The intergenerational mass splittings among the sfermions can reflect the structure of the underlying flavor theory, and can be large enough to be measurable at the LHC. Detailed observations of the superparticle spectrum may thus provide new handles on the origin of the flavor structure of the standard model.

Towards the construction of local logarithmic conformal field theories

Although logarithmic conformal field theories (LCFTs) are known not to factorise many previous findings have only been formulated on their chiral halves. Making only mild and rather general assumptions on the structure of an chiral LCFT we deduce statements about its local non-chiral equivalent. Two methods are presented how to construct local representations as subrepresentations of the tensor product of chiral and anti-chiral Jordan cells. Furthermore we explore the assembly of generic non-chiral correlation functions from generic chiral and anti-chiral correlators. The constraint of locality is studied and the generality of our method is discussed.

Universal correlations of isotope effects inY1−xPrxBa2Cu3O7−δ

The oxygen-isotope $(^{16}\mathrm{O}∕^{18}\mathrm{O})$ effect on the zero-temperature superconducting energy gap ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{0}$ is studied for a series of ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Pr}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ samples $(0.0\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.45)$. In analogy to the isotope effect on the superconducting transition temperature, the isotope effect on ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{0}$ increases with decreasing gap magnitude. A generic correlation between both isotope effects is established, which has been predicted from a polaronic model.

Enthalpy of Solvation Correlations For Gaseous Solutes Dissolved in Linear Alkanes (C5C16) Based on the Abraham Model

AbstractData have been assembled from the published literature on the enthalpies of solvation for gaseous solutes dissolved in the linear alkane solvents, pentane through hexadecane. A total of more than 500 experimental data points were compiled. It is shown that an Abraham solvation equation with five descriptors can be used to correlate the experimental solvation enthalpies of 118 solutes in hexane at 298 K to within a standard deviation of 1.82 kJ/mol for a dataset that spans a range of 89 kJ/mol. Division of the experimental values into a training set and test set shows that there is no bias in predictions, and that the predictive ability of the hexane solvent correlation is better than 2 kJ/mol. The 500+experimental values were combined into a single dataset and used to derive a generic alkane Abraham model correlation equation that predicted the enthalpies of solvation of gaseous solutes in linear alkane solvents to within a standard deviation of 1.82 kJ/mol, which was comparable in predictive accuracy to the solvent‐specific Abraham correlation equations derived for hexane (1.82 kJ/mol), heptane (1.85 kJ/mol), and hexadecane (1.84 kJ/mol).