General Competence Research Articles

The modality of historical thinking in the latest Greek primary school curriculum and the new challenges in history education

AbstractThis paper refers to the concept of ‘historical thinking’ as it appears in the three versions of the recent Greek History Curriculum for primary school. It is a comparative study of the discourse of the three versions of the recent history curriculum for primary school. The methodological approach of this study was founded on Critical Discourse Analysis. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning and context of this term as presented in the three versions of the history curriculum and to compare the findings of the study with corresponding references in the international literature regarding the terms of ‘historical thinking’. This study demonstrated that this term is not the same in all three versions of the curriculum. In the first version of the curriculum the term ‘historical thinking’ is mentioned autonomously and we also separately identify the term ‘critical thinking’, while in the second and third versions a synthesis of the term is observed, which eventually becomes ‘critical historical thinking’. As a result of this observation, the use of the terms is critically and comparatively studied. The main conclusion is that the term ‘critical historical study’ refers much more to the development of general skills and competences with cognitive characteristics and much less to the critical understanding of the historical past. Furthermore, the conclusions of this study suggest a perspective for historical thinking in contemporary curricula with new challenges such as the relationship of historical education with artificial intelligence and children's representations.

Abstract 4138484: Exploring medical students’ clinical preparedness to provide cardiovascular care for sexual and gender minorities

Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) have unique risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). A higher likelihood of tobacco use, inadequate exercise, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity have been found, driven by increased psychosocial stressors across the lifespan. Specific treatments, especially gender-affirming hormone therapy, can also increase the CVD risk. Even though SGM-related issues have been introduced into medical education, students’ expertise regarding cardiovascular care for SGM populations has not been studied. The present study examines the clinical preparedness, attitudes, and basic knowledge of medical students regarding cardiovascular care for SGM populations. Medical students from Germany were recruited to take part in an online survey. Additionally, medical students from the UK and the USA will be recruited in the future. We used a variety of channels for recruitment (e.g., mailing lists of student councils, social medical groups). The LGBT-DOCSS was used to assess SGM-related clinical competency. Based on prior work of our research group, we developed items to assess the knowledge of SGM-related cardiovascular care and educational needs. We calculated descriptive statistics to describe the outcomes of interest. Currently, 217 medical students (20% final-year) from 5 German medical schools participated in the study. Regarding general SGM-related clinical competency, participants scored below average on clinical preparedness (3.4/7.0), above average on basic knowledge about SGM-specific healthcare (5.1/7.0), and low on explicit bias and prejudice towards SGM individuals (6.4/7.0). 84 % of the participants reported not feeling appropriately prepared to deliver cardiovascular care for SGM populations. Most participants (72 %) only knew about one or two SGM-specific CVD risk factors. There was a high interest in learning about cardiovascular care for SGM populations (96%) and a preference to implement the issue in medical school curricula (93%). Additional data from Germany, the USA, and the UK will be presented at the time of the conference presentation. The present study provides insights into the clinical preparedness of medical students regarding cardiovascular care for SGM populations. Despite showing a high interest in learning about SGM-specific cardiovascular care, most medical students feel underprepared on the issue. Implementing SGM-specific cardiovascular health into medical school curricula could close this gap.

Welfare Service Providers’ Narratives of Digital Literacies Among Vulnerable Youths in Norway

AbstractThe rapid digital transformation of society has intensified the need to develop general digital competence in the population, as it has become an essential requirement for participating in education, civil society, and the workforce. Digital competence has also become vital for benefiting from digitalized welfare services in rapidly digitalized societies such as Norway. Though the majority of citizens benefit from the increased accessibility and effectivity of the public sector as the result of digitalization, some life situations increase vulnerabilities in accessing welfare services. In this paper, we explore how the welfare service providers of youths not in education, employment, or training narrate the digital literacy of this group of youths. Drawing from an ecological and intersectional perspective on socio-digital inequalities, this paper operates under the premise that these service providers bear the responsibility of disrupting the cycle of socio-digital inequalities that youths might experience. This paper presents the results of a qualitative study conducted through seven individual and group interviews and two workshops with 20 welfare service providers. The findings shed light on how welfare service providers navigate the uncertainty surrounding the concept of digital literacy which is further challenged by the absence of guidelines—a lack that may inadvertently lead to new forms of exclusion and invisibility among youths.

Preparing the future pharmacy workforce: competency-based undergraduate curricula for teaching, learning and assessment with a focus on antimicrobial stewardship

Abstract Introduction Competency-based teaching, learning and assessment underpins the requirements for initial training and education of pharmacists (IETPs) in the UK and is set by the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC). This competency-based pedagogic approach is conducive when teaching antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) since it ensures that rather than only reciting and absorbing content, student pharmacists gain the necessary skills and behaviours to apply knowledge effectively in clinical practice. This is particularly relevant since newly graduate pharmacists will need to show competency in independent prescribing at the point of graduation from 2026 and education needs to evolve to incorporate prescribing skills including decision making. Aim The aim of this project was to develop a UK-wide national AMS competency framework specifically tailored for student pharmacists and foundation year trainees. Method A working group of academics and pharmacy practitioners from all four nations and with expertise in AMS was set up in September 2022. Student pharmacists from a national organisation (BPSA) and a professional pharmacy body (RPS) are also members. Development of the consensus indicative curriculum for student pharmacists was adapted from published frameworks including those for UK undergraduate medical students1, and a UK wide set of generic AMS competencies for undergraduate healthcare professional education2. The results of a survey3 conducted across Schools of Pharmacy (SoP) aiming to determine the nature and extent of implementation of the latter generic competencies, also informed this project. To ensure consistency, the group has worked with the British Society for Chemotherapy (BSAC) to align to the Keep Antibiotics Working (KAW) website, that provides resources for pharmacy students and educators, aligned to the curriculum domains. No ethics approval was required for this study since it did not involve any participants. Results The final curriculum consists of six domains: Infection prevention and control, antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial prescribing and stewardship, vaccine uptake, person-centred care and interprofessional collaborative practice. Each domain includes a competency statement together with accompanying descriptors (74) clearly outlining the knowledge and application required by the newly qualified pharmacist. To support implementation of the framework, the individual competencies were mapped to the revised GPhC standards for the IETPs together with Royal Pharmaceutical Society Prescribing Competency Framework that link to AMR and AMS. The group has also developed a set of suggested practice-based activities aligned with the framework domains to support pharmacists supervising or assessing students on placement. Discussion/Conclusion This project is timely to support development of future pharmacists as leaders in AMS and ensure a portable workforce, since pharmacists will be independent prescribers at the point of registration from 2026. A limitation of the development is the fact that not all SoP have been involved in the process; however, efforts are being made to communicate curriculum content as widely as possible. Though it is not mandatory to implement this curriculum, it provides a benchmark for embedding the competencies into undergraduate pharmacy curricula and allows identification of topics that may not be adequately covered. It also promotes consistency of approach across schools. (500 words)

ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ ДОКТОРІВ ФІЛОСОФІЇ ЗА ОСВІТНЬО-НАУКОВОЮ ПРОГРАМОЮ «ТЕОРІЯ ТА МЕТОДИКА НАВЧАННЯ ХІМІЇ»

The article reveals the issue of training doctors of philosophy as an important condition for the development of the scientific and educational potential of modern society. The purpose of the article is to focus on the objective need to train Doctors of Philosophy in the subject specialty 014.06 Secondary Education (Chemistry) to ensure further development of the field of theory and methods of teaching chemistry and to reveal the content and structure of the educational and scientific programme «Theory and Methods of Teaching Chemistry», which is designed to ensure it. The statistical analysis of the provision of educational and scientific institutions of our country with highly qualified specialists in the theory and methodology of teaching chemistry demonstrates the objective need to train Doctors of Philosophy in the subject specialty 014.06 Secondary Education (Chemistry) of the field of knowledge 01 Education / Pedagogy both to ensure the quality of educational services at all levels of higher education and to promote the development of the scientific field of the theory and methodology of teaching chemistry as a whole. The article describes the educational and scientific programme «Theory and Methods of Teaching Chemistry» in the subject speciality 014.06 Secondary Education (Chemistry), field of knowledge 01 Education / Pedagogy, which is implemented at theVinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University . The purpose of the educational and research programme is to train specialists at the third (educational and research) level of higher education (eighth qualification level according to the National Qualifications Framework) who are able to formulate and solve complex scientific and practical problems in the field of theory and methods of teaching chemistry, organise and carry out research and educational activities. The programme defines the integral, general and special competences and formulates the learning outcomes to be demonstrated by a Doctor of Philosophy in the subject speciality 014.06 Secondary Education (Chemistry). The content of the educational and scientific components of the programme «Theory and Methods of Teaching Chemistry» is also revealed and the educational components that ensure the achievement of the programme learning outcomes are described.

KEY FEATURES OF PROFESSIONAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF ENGINEERS

The authors analyze the approaches towards interpreting the notions of “foreign language competence”, “foreign language communicative competence”, and “professional foreign language communication”. The professional foreign language competence of the specialist is regarded as a result of the integration of professional and foreign language communicative competence. The interrelation between the university graduate's general communicative competence and professional foreign language competence is scrutinized. The components of foreign language communicative competence of engineering students are analyzed. The structure of this competence is based on the analysis of requirements set for the graduates by the job market. Cognitive and operational-technological competences comprising the professional section of the specialized part of the social-professional foreign language competence of the trainee engineer are relevant to the special competences of the linguistic section staying in a dynamic interaction with them. The offered model was successfully tried out during the interconnected learning of engineering subjects and a foreign language at Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic National University.

The Impact of General Education Satisfaction on Core Competencies in the Cyber University Teaching and Learning Environment

The objective of this study is to identify the characteristics of students at Cyber universities and to empirically analyze the impact of their satisfaction with general education on core competencies. A survey was conducted with 1,196 students from S Cyber University in the metropolitan area, with the objective of assessing their satisfaction level with general education and core competencies. The study employed a variety of analytical techniques, including correlation analysis, descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, simple and multiple linear regression analysis, to verify the relationships between general education satisfaction and core competencies.</br>The findings revealed that significant differences in some core competencies were identified based on gender, transfer status, and whether students had been enrolled for more than two semesters, underscoring the necessity for tailored educational programs that consider demographic factors and learning experiences. Secondly, the results of the simple linear regression analysis indicated that student satisfaction with general education had a significant positive impact on all core competencies, with the strongest effect observed on the communication and cooperation competency. Thirdly, the results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated that satisfaction with general education had a significant positive impact on all core competencies. Additionally, factors such as enrollment for more than a year, gender, and age group had a significant positive effect on some core competencies.</br>Based on the findings, the study emphasizes the crucial role of general education in enhancing core competencies within the Cyber university learning environment. It also proposes the development of tailored educational programs aimed at improving specific competencies, such as global citizenship. Moreover, the study confirms that even in remote learning environments, general education plays a key role in promoting interaction and cooperation among students. This suggests that enhancing the quality of general education can maximize students' learning experiences and contribute to the achievement of Cyber universities' educational goals.

신규간호사의 임상수행능력에 영향을 미치는 요인

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of new graduate nurses’ self-leadership, organizational socialization, and preceptors’ communication style on clinical competency in order to improve their clinical competency. A total of study subject were 123 nurses who had worked for less than 12 months of clinical experiences at an advanced general hospital in J city. The collected data were analyzed using frequency percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis by SPSS/WIN 27.0 program. There were no significant differences between new graduate nurses’ general characteristics and clinical competency(F=1.01, p=.390). The factors affecting new graduate nurse’s clinical competency were self-leadership (β=.59, p<.001), and organizational socialization-job satisfaction (β=.15, p=.046), explaining 45.1% of the variance (F=49.24, p<.001). Based on the results of this study, the effective education program is needed to enhance new graduate nurses’ positive self-leadership as well as to increase job satisfaction in order to better perform clinical competency.

Teaching Decimal Operations to Develop Mathematical Thinking and Reasoning Competency for Primary School Students in Vietnam

Vietnam is in the process of comprehensively reforming education. In 2018, the Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training issued the General Education Program. In addition to general competencies, the 2018 General Education Program also aims to develop specific competencies for students, including mathematical competency. Mathematical competency includes 5 component competencies: mathematical thinking and reasoning; mathematical modeling competency; mathematical problem solving competency; mathematical communication competency; competency in using mathematical tools and means. This article presents some measures to develop mathematical thinking and reasoning competency for 5th grade students through teaching the content of calculations with decimals in primary school. These are also some suggestions for managers and teachers of primary schools in Vietnam to improve the quality of teaching Mathematics in general.

EXPERIENCE OF IMPLEMENTING THE DISTANCE E-COURSE “STATISTICAL METHODS IN PHARMACY” IN THE MATHEMATICAL TRAINING OF FUTURE PHARMACEUTICAL SPECIALISTS

The article is dedicated to the issue of distance and online learning in higher pharmaceutical education. In the paper, the main principles and characteristic features of the concept of distance learning are outlined, the main advantages and disadvantages of using distance and e-learning in pharmaceutical and medical higher education are discussed. Considerable attention is paid to the use of distance learning technology in the process of math training for students pursuing higher education in the field of pharmacy. In addition to technical means and the structural-methodological component of the distance course development process, special attention is given to psycho-pedagogical aspects, which includes a focus on increasing the motivation of this group of education seekers to master disciplines related to exact sciences. It is demonstrated, using the example of the developed by the authors distance course “Statistical Methods in Pharmacy”, implemented with the LMS Moodle, that a successful combination of methodological approaches and innovative teaching methods, aimed at implementing a competency-based approach in education, along with modern information technology providing online access to educational content, including tools for feedback support, practical skills development, and automated self-assessment, ensures the effectiveness of achieving educational goals by learners and the formation of professional competencies defined by the educational program. The course was tested, certified, and implemented in the fundamental training of future pharmaceutical professionals at the National University of Pharmacy. It is concluded, that the implementation of distance learning technology in the practice of Ukrainian higher pharmaceutical and medical education is necessary not only due to the current conditions that make it impossible to organize full-fledged offline education but also because of the efficiency of these technologies, primarily for organizing independent students’ work, that ensures the development of learners’ autonomy, contributes to the development of information culture, general digital competence, and a range of soft skills, including communication, interaction, collaboration in a digital environment, and the rational use of study time.

Developing and validating a scale for English-medium instruction pedagogical competency in multilingual and multicultural classrooms

ABSTRACT This study aimed to create a scale that is better aligned with and tailored to the needs and perspectives of students for evaluating teachers’ EMI pedagogical competency in the multilingual and multicultural higher education context. Based on a literature review, a preliminary scale was developed. After an expert survey of six EMI experts to ensure face and content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to validate the scale by examining its convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal consistency. The result suggested that the scale was comprised of 22 items and 3 factors, viz., ‘general EMI pedagogical competency’, ‘adapt teaching to adjust for variation in culture and academic/linguistic ability’, and ‘boosting student involvement and positive affection toward EMI. The scale exhibited adequate reliability and validity and could be employed to evaluate tutors’ EMI competency in multilingual and multicultural classrooms. This study argued that in addition to possessing general EMI pedagogical competency, teachers should also develop additional competency related to widely-discussed student EMI anxiety and multilingual and multicultural backgrounds. This scale could serve as a framework for EMI professional development in the higher education sector, but also a tool enhancing teachers’ reflexivity in their EMI practice.

What Do Chemistry Teachers Say About Scientific Creativity and the Development of Rosella Flower Extract Indicators as a Learning Medium for Acid-Base Titration?

The rapid development of industry 4.0 makes scientific creativity an important skill for every individual to be able to adapt and develop. Therefore, in the learning process, it is necessary to provide for the development of students' scientific creativity both as a professional skill and as a general life competency. This research aims to describe teachers' perceptions of learning acid-base titration using natural indicators from Rosella Flower extract to increase students' scientific creativity. The research method used was a survey method by distributing questionnaires to 21 high school chemistry teachers throughout Bandar Lampung City. The results of the research show that 100% of teachers have never developed an acid-base titration indicator from Rosella flower extract, and trained students' scientific creativity by providing a real problem. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that it is necessary to develop natural indicators from Rosella Flower extract as a learning medium for acid-base titration to increase students' scientific creativity.

SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL STANDARD OF "PERSONAL FITNESS TRAINER" IN UKRAINE

Professional staff is needed for the effective functioning of health fitness. There are no professional standards for fitness staff in Ukraine, so there is no single standardized approach to determining the list of job functions, general and special competencies, the required knowledge, skills and practical abilities. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and develop a professional standard of "Personal Fitness Trainer" taking into account international experience. Methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical observation, functional analysis, documentary method, method of expert evaluations, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The development of a professional standard for "Personal Fitness Trainer" was based on regulatory acts and the algorithm formed for the health fitness system. There have been identified 60 necessary labor actions which ensure the performance of 9 labor functions of a fitness trainer. The professional standard takes into account the needs of employers, consumer requirements and will be the basis for the industry standard of higher education in the relevant specialty. Conclusions. The developed professional standard for "Personal fitness trainer" is relevant, complies with regulatory acts and established algorithm, adapted to the system of fitness. The expediency of developing a professional standard "Personal fitness trainer" was based on the study of the actual state and prospects of application of fitness staff. The professional standard provides requirements for the content and quality of professional activity; list of general competencies; requirements for the level of qualification, medical contraindications to work, work experience, level of education of a fitness trainer; a list of labor functions and labor actions and the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities; list of subjects and means of work and definition of professional competencies, etc. The professional standard "Personal fitness trainer" should be the basis for the industry standard of higher education in the relevant specialty.

Development of phonetic skills of students in teaching English in a non-linguistic university

Importance. The topicality of teaching students the right pronunciation is explained by the fact that phonetic aspect is one of the components of the language competence. The problem of necessity of forming a phonetic competence of students studying a foreign language at a non-linguistic institution is considered. The aim of the study is to consider the difficulties of developing students’ phonetic skills when teaching English in a non-linguistic university, as well as the suggestion of measures to eliminate these difficulties.Materials and Methods. Within the framework of the research, referring to modern scientific sources on the problem posed, the basic difficulties have been revealed, the material related to measures on solving the difficulties of students in the development of pronunciation skills has been systematized and generalized, various measures to eliminate errors and improve pronunciation skills have been proposed.Results and Discussion. The examples of traditional phonetic exercises of varying complexity, as well as innovative ones, the use of which is supposed to improve the pronunciation skills of students, are considered; methods for assessing phonetic skills have been defined.Conclusion. Forming of phonetic competence is an important component of the general language competence of students. By means of a variety of teaching materials, active practice and creating a suitable environment, students can improve their phonetic skills and achieve a higher level of English proficiency. The practical application of the results of the research can be used in teaching English at a non-linguistic university.

Early Cues from Parent-Child Interaction: Comparisons Among Young Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Language Disorder and Children not Diagnosed with a Disability.

Over the past ten years, there has been a significant improvement in the sensibility and specificity of the earlier diagnosis of ASD. However, parenting traits were relatively explored among children with different disabilities. We aimed to clarify the characteristics of parent-child interaction among children with ASD and DLD, compared with children not diagnosed with a disability. The study recruited 280 children aged 1.5-3.9 years (30 children with ASD, 48 children with DLD, and 202 TD children) and their primary caregivers. Parent-child interaction was measured based on video recordings and observation. One-way ANOVA was used for the comparison of IRS-C scores among the three groups, and the t-test was used for pairwise comparisons; effect size was also calculated. Children's age and sex were further considered as grouping category in our analyses. All comparison models were adjusted by demographic background (i.e. child age and sex, sibling, main caregiver, mother education, and family annual income). Children with ASD showed the lowest level of general social competence compared to children with DLD (d = 1.298, P < 0.001) and TD group (d = 1.833, P < 0.001). Children with DLD showed less responsiveness (d = 0.780, P < 0.001) and less empathy (d = 0.706, P < 0.001) than TD children. Caregivers of children with ASD also showed the lowest level of parenting attributes relative to caregivers of children with DLD (d = 0.978, P < 0.001) and caregivers of TD children (d = 0.860, P < 0.001). The child- and parent-related traits also varied by child age and sex. We posit that parent-child interaction necessitates greater attention with respect to early screening and identification.

PECULIARITIES OF TEACHING THE DISCIPLINE "ORTHOPEDIC DENTISTRY, INCL. IMPLANTATION" SPP DENTISTRY AT MILITARY CONDITION

In the conditions of rapid development of modern dentistry, the providing of high-quality dental services is extremely important and requires the presence of qualified specialists. Therefore, their acquisition of professional competences should take place starting from the student ranks. Educational discipline "Orthopedic dentistry, incl. implantation" OPP Dentistry is studied by students during 3-5 courses and ensures that students acquire integral, general and professional competencies for the future provision of high-quality dental consultations and services with the use and application of modern aesthetic orthopedic structures for the replacement of partial and complete defects of the dentition, as well as elimination of pathology, which contributes to the occurrence of defects in the hard tissues of the teeth. In addition, the process of examining patients in order to establish a diagnosis and draw up a treatment plan is important. Therefore, the application of the latest teaching methods includes a combination of both theoretical knowledge and practice and consolidation of acquired and properly mastered practical skills. The education of foreign students is of great importance, which, in connection with military actions and constant air alerts caused by the danger caused by the activity of enemy strategic aviation taking place in our country, is conducted in a mixed format (online for students who are at home (by border) and offline for foreign students living and studying in Ukraine) using innovative multimedia teaching methods. The constant and continuous development of modern technologies in the field of stomatology also requires the introduction of the latest training tools and methods associated with the use of modern methods and technological support. All these challenges today are combined with student education, which takes place under martial law and requires a special approach. Therefore, it is important to provide education seekers with proper professional and safe learning conditions, which will make it possible to fully and comprehensively provide a comprehensive complex of both theoretical and practical training of future dental specialists. Thanks to the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the clear consolidation and mutual cooperation of teachers and students, the learning process not only does not stop, but also continues to develop productively, making it possible to provide and provide a sufficient amount of professional competences under the condition of simultaneous and parallel objective control of the acquisition and consolidation of appropriate level of knowledge of students of all courses and areas of dentistry. The purpose of the study is directed to the organization and implementation of the latest teaching methods with the maximum use of modern equipment and methods while respecting life safety. Materials and methods. The Department of Orthopedic Dentistry of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University implements the educational program "Orthopedic Dentistry, incl. implantation" SPP Dentistry in military time conditions, aimed at students' acquisition of integral, general and professional competencies for the future provision of high-quality dental services. Research results. They indicate the need to introduce the latest actions and methods of training in connection with the constant development of modern technologies in the branch of dentistry. The conclusions of this study indicate the presence of feedback from students who is interested and stimulated by a new approach in studying, combined with real clinical cases and modern methods of their treatment and orthopedic treatment.

Assessing and Improving the Quality of Undergraduates in Preschool Education Programs in China: The Course Experience

This study examined the current status of course satisfaction among Chinese preschool undergraduate students and the prediction of five influencing factors on students satisfaction: teacher instruction, course management, course setting, course environment, and course resources. The findings revealed that: 1. the mean value of course experience was M=3.861 (out of 5); 2. there were differences in the satisfaction of undergraduate students' course experience by different background variables; 3. course, course resources, and loyalty had significant predictive power on undergraduate students' satisfaction with course experience; 4. instructor instruction (TI) did not significantly predict students' satisfaction with course experience (SCES) (p&gt; 0.001); 5. Faculty instruction (TI) in this study had the highest mean satisfaction score (M = 4.191) and the mean satisfaction score was only (M = 3.861). The results show that the current status of course satisfaction among Chinese preschool undergraduates is at an moderate level, and there is more space for improvement; although students' satisfaction with teacher instruction (TI) is high, effective teacher instruction does not have a substantial impact on the acquisition of SCES or general competencies, and this passive learning and teaching style leads to a lack of independent learning and active participation among Chinese preschool undergraduate students.

The concept of state financial control and the legal status of the subjects of its provision

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of state financial control and the legal status of the subjects of its provision. It is noted that, in practice, the system of state financial control bodies is extremely extensive and includes a large number of bodies that do not interact properly. It is proposed to understand state financial control as the activity of state authorities and local self-government regulated by financial and legal norms, based on the principles of legality, independence, objectivity, efficiency and aimed at protecting the financial interests of the state, business entities and citizens. It is emphasized that the Law of Ukraine «On the basic principles of state financial control in Ukraine» does not operate with the concept of «subject of state financial control», but only generally indicates the rights of the state financial control body, and the duties and responsibilities of its officials. It is indicated that the President of Ukraine, being the head of state and possessing a special legal status, supervises financial activities. Control powers in the field of financial resources management can be exercised by the President of Ukraine by adopting decrees, the effect of which is aimed at regulating financial relations. It is noted that the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is assigned to the state body of general financial competence, but it determines the main guidelines for the development of the entire financial system of the country by adopting and approving laws. The specific results of the activities of bodies of special competence depend on its actions. It has been established that the Accounting Chamber occupies a separate place in the system of state financial control bodies, it is the highest body of state financial control of Ukraine, it is formed by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, subordinate to and accountable to it. The Accounting Chamber, in accordance with Article 98 of the Constitution of Ukraine, on behalf of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, controls the receipt of funds from the State Budget of Ukraine and their use.

On the Mathematical Background of Sliding Mode-Based Friction Compensation of a Micro-Telemanipulation System

Modeling of various phenomena in engineering work is always a kind of simplification of real processes, aiming at a model where a certain level of mathematical theory and computational procedures is sufficient. If the complexity of the required theory corresponds to the general mathematical competence of engineers, then technical problems can be treated separately in engineering (or physical) models without regard to the mathematical background. However, in some advanced engineering fields, the harmonized development of engineering and mathematical models and toolboxes is necessary to find efficient solutions. For example, modeling variable structure systems in ideal sliding mode requires a mathematical toolbox that goes far beyond general engineering competence through the theory of discontinuous right-hand-side differential equations. Although sliding mode control is popular in practice and the concept of sliding mode allows a significant reduction of model complexity, its exact mathematical description is rarely encountered. The problem of friction compensation of a micro-telemanipulator using sliding mode control demonstrates a harmonized application of the mathematical and engineering approaches. Based on Filippov’s theory, the ideal sliding mode can be discussed. Although an ideal system cannot be implemented in reality, the real systems can be kept close enough to it; therefore, the discussion of the solution of the ideal model is important for practical applications. Although several elements of the topic are available in the literature, in this paper a unique complex approach is given for users of sliding mode control with experimental considerations, different engineering models, and codes. The paper concludes that sliding mode control is a case where engineering and mathematical modeling are inseparable and requires the competence of both fields.

Разграничение компетенции арбитражных судов и судов общей юрисдикции по делам о признании и приведении в исполнение решений иностранных судов

The article is aimed at identifying the commercial courts and courts of general jurisdiction competence delimitation peculiarities in cases of issuing of issuing foreign judgments recognition and enforcement. Having reviewed the formation of the judicial systems of states and the competence of the courts in their structure specifics, the author concludes that the specialization of the foreign court that made the judgment can be taken into account in the matter of delimiting jurisdiction in the pending case. Analyzing the application of such a criterion for delimiting competence as the subject composition, the author reveals its ineffectiveness considering the participation of foreign persons in the case category, since the establishment of their status and rights to the subject of business activity may be associated with a considerable number of the foreign jurisdiction legal system features, defining their personal law. The article concludes that the main approach to delimiting competence should be to identify the legal relationship nature resolved by a foreign court.