Generation Capacity Research Articles

A novel seasonal grey prediction model with time-lag and interactive effects for forecasting the photovoltaic power generation

Electricity is one of the most important energy sources for the progress of human society. Photovoltaic power generation (PPG) has great potential as a renewable energy source to support sustainable development. However, the unpredictability of photovoltaics because of the uncertain weather conditions, time lags and the complex interactions among related factors may result in instabilities in PPG, which limits its applications in the electric power system. Therefore, accurately identifying the related factors and representing the interactions are the key issues in predicting PPG. For this purpose, a novel seasonal grey prediction model with time-lag and interactive effects, denoted as SGMLI(1,n), is developed to predict the capacity of photovoltaic power generation. More specifically, a time-lag driving term, a periodic driving term, and an interaction driving term are proposed to represent the lag relationship, periodicity, and the interactive effects between two factors, respectively. Utilizing the least square method and the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), the optimal solution to the nonlinear programming problem is estimated. For elaboration and verification, six grey forecasting models, two statistical techniques, and two machine learning models, are employed for comparison with the SGMLI(1,n) model. Experimental results reveal that the SGMLI(1,n) outperforms benchmark models in forecasting PPG.

Site selection for offshore renewable energy platforms: A multi-criteria decision-making approach

This paper presents a novel methodology for site selection of Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) systems, addressing the growing global energy demand and the need for sustainable solutions to climate change. Focusing on the wave energy, a relatively untapped renewable energy source, this research focuses on optimizing the Wave Energy Converter (WEC) deployment amidst the uncertainties of the offshore environment. The study involves a comprehensive evaluation of potential sites, considering key factors like power generation capacity, mooring system fatigue life, and tether response to extreme loads. Initial wave data analysis for various locations is followed by numerical simulations of a point absorber WEC under different environmental conditions. A Bayesian Network (BN) model is then employed to integrate uncertainties into a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), enhancing the robustness of site selection. This approach facilitates the calculation of utility values for various sites, leading to the identification of the optimal decision alternative based on maximum expected utility. This work provides a detailed framework for renewable energy stakeholders, helping in the assessment of both profitability and survivability of WECs in chosen locations. It significantly contributes to minimizing economic and performance risks associated with ORE system installations, promoting efficient and sustainable energy production from ocean resources.

A guide to adaptive immune memory.

Immune memory - comprising T cells, B cells and plasma cells and their secreted antibodies - is crucial for human survival. It enables the rapid and effective clearance of a pathogen after re-exposure, to minimize damage to the host. When antigen-experienced, memory T cells become activated, they proliferate and produce effector molecules at faster rates and in greater magnitudes than antigen-inexperienced, naive cells. Similarly, memory B cells become activated and differentiate into antibody-secreting cells more rapidly than naive B cells, and they undergo processes that increase their affinity for antigen. The ability of T cells and B cells to form memory cells after antigen exposure is the rationale behind vaccination. Understanding immune memory not only is crucial for the design of more-efficacious vaccines but also has important implications for immunotherapies in infectious disease and cancer. This 'guide to' article provides an overview of the current understanding of the phenotype, function, location, and pathways for the generation, maintenance and protective capacity of memory T cells and memory B cells.

Can Sri Lanka be a net-zero nation by 2050?—Current renewable energy profile, opportunities, challenges, and recommendations

Sri Lanka as a country has tremendous potential for harnessing energy from renewable sources such as solar, wind, and hydro. However, as of 2018, only 39 % of Sri Lanka's energy generation capacity was harnessed through renewable energy sources. The continuous increase in electrical energy demand and the drastic increase in vehicle population over the past few years have resulted in much of its annual income being spent on purchasing fossil fuels from foreign countries. This has placed the country's future at risk due to the predicted shortage of fossil fuel reserves and in release of an unexpected level of harmful emissions to the environment. In the meantime, Sri Lanka also has an ambitious plan of achieving Net Zero by 2050. The study conducted a systematic review followed by a time series analysis to first identify the present state of the renewable energy progress of the country and through the time series analysis recognize any discrepancies in these efforts. The initial findings revealed the lack of coordination amongst relevant institutions and contrasting government policies such as the increase in investment for non-renewable energy resources as well as backing away from providing initial investment needed to boost the usage of renewable sources for businesses and smaller entities. The study further identified sectors such as transportation and non-renewable power generation activities as the two main barriers deterring the country from having a feasible plan for its efforts for net zero by 2050. From a non-governmental perspective, the study also recognized the knowledge gap and lack of awareness in the wider population of the long-term benefits of switching to renewable sources.

Simulation test of 50 MW grid-connected “Photovoltaic+Energy storage” system based on pvsyst software

With the implementation of the national “double carbon” strategy, the installed capacity of new energy power generation continues to grow, and stable photovoltaic power generation solutions have received increasing attention. The PV + energy storage system with a capacity of 50 MW represents a certain typicality in terms of scale, which is neither too small to show the characteristics of the system nor too large to simulate and manage. This study builds a 50 MW “PV + energy storage” power generation system based on PVsyst software. A detailed design scheme of the system architecture and energy storage capacity is proposed, which is applied to the design and optimization of the electrochemical energy storage system of photovoltaic power station. Based on the results of PVsyst operation simulation test, the operation performance of 50 MW “PV + energy storage” power generation system is explored. The results show that the 50 MW “PV + energy storage” system can achieve 24-h stable operation even when the sunshine changes significantly or the demand peaks, maintain the balance of power supply of the grid, and save a total of 1121310.388 tons of CO2 emissions during the life cycle of the system. The various parts of the system, including the photovoltaic array, the energy storage unit and the grid interface, demonstrated efficient collaborative performance in the simulation environment of PVsyst.The analysis of power generation shows obvious seasonal changes. The unit power generation is higher from March to September, and the more the power generation is the overall annual power generation shows good consistency and predictability under the regulation of the energy storage system. Through the analysis of different operating scenarios, the key parameters that affect the system performance are further determined, such as lighting conditions, battery storage capacity, power consumption device efficiency. For lighting conditions, the total radiation amount of the incident lighting surface takes the most proportion in the interval of 380–900 W/m2 and 25-60kwh/m2/Bin. The simulation test also reveals the important role of energy storage unit in power grid demand peaking and valley filling, which has an important impact on balancing the instability of photovoltaic power generation and improving the system response ability.

A concentration reflector device of a bifacial photovoltaic module

Abstract At present, the development of bifacial photovoltaic modules is rapid, but there is a lack of concentrating light devices in bifacial photovoltaic modules for power generation. This paper analyzes the changing patterns of solar altitude and azimuth angles and the influence of plane mirror reflection concentrating light on the performance of bifacial photovoltaic power generation. Using MATLAB programming, it calculates the pattern of change of the intensity of reflected light with the installation height h of the plane mirror. Then, a double plane mirror concentrating device is designed, which can do real-time dynamic tracking of the sun’s azimuth and altitude angle and realize the power generation capacity of the PV module is multiplied.

EMG-Constrained and Ultrasound-Informed Muscle-Tendon Parameter Estimation in Post-Stroke Hemiparesis.

Secondary morphological and mechanical property changes in the muscle-tendon unit at the ankle joint are often observed in post-stroke individuals. These changes may alter the force generation capacity and affect daily activities such as locomotion. This work aimed to estimate subject-specific muscle-tendon parameters in individuals after stroke by solving the muscle redundancy problem using direct collocation optimal control methods based on experimental electromyography (EMG) signals and measured muscle fiber length. Subject-specific muscle-tendon parameters of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior were estimated in seven post-stroke individuals and seven healthy controls. We found that the maximum isometric force, tendon stiffness and optimal fiber length in the post-stroke group were considerably lower than in the control group. We also computed the root mean square error between estimated and experimental values of muscle excitation and fiber length. The musculoskeletal model with estimated subject-specific muscle tendon parameters (from the muscle redundancy solver), yielded better muscle excitation and fiber length estimations than did scaled generic parameters. Our findings also showed that the muscle redundancy solver can estimate muscle-tendon parameters that produce force behavior in better accordance with the experimentally-measured value. These muscle-tendon parameters in the post-stroke individuals were physiologically meaningful and may shed light on treatment and/or rehabilitation planning.

Small Modular Reactors in Romania’s Energy Future. Two Essential Perspectives: Capital Costs and Public Perception

Abstract In 2023, during the annual United Nations Conference on Climate Change (COP28), Romania joined the Net Zero Nuclear Initiative and the Ministerial Declaration for the tripling of nuclear capacity by 2050, which recognizes the key role of nuclear energy in achieving net zero goals worldwide. In this context, wanted to implement national projects and strategies to achieve the global goal of tripling nuclear power generation capacity by 2050 (taking 2030 as a reference) and to act to ensure that nuclear power plants are operated in security conditions. This paper examines the potential of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) in Romania's energy landscape, considering the country's recent commitment to the Net Zero Nuclear Initiative and the goal of tripling nuclear capacity by 2050. The focus is on integrating new nuclear technologies, particularly SMRs, and modernizing existing facilities like the Cernavodă Power Plant. The study also explores the economic benefits, public perception challenges, and the role of European and American expertise in advancing SMR technology. For the first time, using specialized literature and data from public sources, the study aims to analyze the prospects for SMR projects developed in Romania to overcome two essential perspectives: capital costs and public perception in many communities where concerns related to nuclear safety, radioactive waste management, and potential risks associated with nuclear technologies exist.

Urban Waste Management Solution through SRF Cofiring in Coal-Fired Power Plants

Abstract Solid Recovery Fuel (SRF) is a highly effective waste product processed through sorting and separation from non-combustible materials in Indonesia. The SRF is then dried to increase its calorific value and ensure homogeneity. Most Indonesian SRF is derived from urban waste, which is predominantly organic material, making it comparable to biomass and having a calorific value akin to lignite coal. The state-owned electricity company, PLN, collaborates with local governments responsible for waste management to utilize SRF as a fuel source in coal-fired power plants through cofiring. This renewable energy mix is an optimal solution, eliminating the need to construct new power plants and optimize waste management programs and local government budgets without burdening PLN’s operational costs when managed through an appropriate collaborative scheme. PT PLN Indonesia Power has successfully conducted research and development efforts to transform urban waste into SRF through the Waste Treatment Facility program. They have also utilized SRF cofiring in coal-fired power plants up to the heat rate testing stage. This alternative solution benefits all stakeholders in addressing the waste management challenge. This program presents an opportunity to optimize waste management costs implemented by local governments, ultimately saving electricity generation costs. Moreover, it may help reduce the financial burden of constructing and operating conventional solar power plants. SRF cofiring in coal-fired power plants is a reliable and cost-effective renewable energy solution. The successful pilot project showcased the positive outcomes achievable through a collaborative management scheme that utilizes SRF products and environmentally friendly electricity generation for sustainable waste management. This approach effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions and enhances renewable energy generation capacity, highlighting the significant impact possible through this method.

An overview on Brazilian Energy Market

Abstract Brazil is a major player in the global energy market, with the seventh largest electricity generation capacity in the world. The country's energy sector is characterized by a strong reliance on hydropower, but there is also a growing trend towards renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. This article makes a general overview on Brazilian energy market, focusing on legal framework, regulatory authorities and transport and distribution system both on electricity and oil and gas sectors. It is also presented the today market situation. Finally, the article concentrates on energy produced from renewable sources and make a parallel on renewable energy market comparing the situation in Brazil, India and China.

Analysis of output characteristics of positive feedback piezoelectric energy harvester based on nonlinear magnetic coupling.

In light of the limitations of the current piezoelectric energy harvesters and the demand for self-power supply in wireless sensor nodes, a novel positive feedback piezoelectric energy harvester based on nonlinear magnetic coupling is proposed. The operational characteristics of this energy harvester are investigated from three perspectives: theory, simulation, and experiment. First, a nonlinear electromechanical coupling mathematical model that describes the dynamic response of the energy harvester system is established by combining the Hamilton variational principle with the piezoelectric theory. This provides a theoretical foundation for subsequent research. Second, finite element method simulations are employed to optimize the structural parameters of the energy harvester and study the impact of nonlinear magnetic force on its output performance. Finally, an experimental prototype is fabricated and an experimental test system is constructed to validate the designed positive feedback piezoelectric energy harvester. The results demonstrate that changes in the longitudinal beam angle have minimal effect on energy capture efficiency. By appropriately increasing the bending surface length, reducing initial magnetic moment, and augmenting mass block weight, wider working frequency bands and higher power generation capacity can be achieved when vibrating in low-energy orbits. The experimental findings align closely with theoretical design values and contribute to advancing broadband multi-directional piezoelectric energy harvesting technology in order to provide high-performance vibration-based power solutions for wireless applications.

Power (re)distribution: How dominant capital regained control of the Energiewende

The Energiewende (energy transition) is the dynamic and contested project of energy transition in Germany. It encompasses both the sociotechnical transformation of the German electricity system and the reorganization of the sector’s ownership structure. In this paper, we present a Capital-as-Power (CasP) based analysis, investigating industrial path-dependency and innovation as part of the dialectics of power and sociotechnical change in capitalism. According to CasP, dominant capital seeks to increase its differential accumulation, i.e., accumulation relative to a benchmark. Energiewende policies initially decreased the differential accumulation of dominant electricity firms in Germany. However, we find that by concentrating their control over the shrinking conventional generation capacity, while variable generation expanded, dominant firms gained the leverage needed to increase differential prices and profits, thus managing to regain sectoral control by increasing their threat to reliable power supply. We find that these processes coincide with spatial centralization, ownership concentration, and decreasing penetration rates of renewable energy resources in Germany. By presenting new conceptual tools and empirical findings, we trace the ways in which the recovery of dominant capital in the German electricity sector shapes and restricts energy transition processes.

A Circular-Linear Probabilistic Model Based on Nonparametric Copula with Applications to Directional Wind Energy Assessment.

The joint probability density function of wind speed and wind direction serves as the mathematical basis for directional wind energy assessment. In this study, a nonparametric joint probability estimation system for wind velocity and direction based on copulas is proposed and empirically investigated in Inner Mongolia, China. Optimal bandwidth algorithms and transformation techniques are used to determine the nonparametric copula method. Various parameter copula models and models without considering dependency relationships are introduced and compared with this approach. The results indicate a significant advantage of employing the nonparametric copula model for fitting joint probability distributions of both wind speed and wind direction, as well as conducting correlation analyses. By utilizing the proposed KDE-COP-CV model, it becomes possible to accurately and reliably analyze how wind power density fluctuates in relation to wind direction. This study reveals the researched region possesses abundant wind resources, with the highest wind power density being highly dependent on wind direction at maximum speeds. Wind resources in selected regions of Inner Mongolia are predominantly concentrated in the northwest and west directions. These findings can contribute to improving the accuracy of micro-siting for wind farms, as well as optimizing the design and capacity of wind turbine generators.

Adaptations to nitrogen availability drive ecological divergence of chemosynthetic symbionts.

Bacterial symbionts, with their shorter generation times and capacity for horizontal gene transfer (HGT), play a critical role in allowing marine organisms to cope with environmental change. The closure of the Isthmus of Panama created distinct environmental conditions in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) and Caribbean, offering a "natural experiment" for studying how closely related animals evolve and adapt under environmental change. However, the role of bacterial symbionts in this process is often overlooked. We sequenced the genomes of endosymbiotic bacteria in two sets of sister species of chemosymbiotic bivalves from the genera Codakia and Ctena (family Lucinidae) collected on either side of the Isthmus, to investigate how differing environmental conditions have influenced the selection of symbionts and their metabolic capabilities. The lucinid sister species hosted different Candidatus Thiodiazotropha symbionts and only those from the Caribbean had the genetic potential for nitrogen fixation, while those from the TEP did not. Interestingly, this nitrogen-fixing ability did not correspond to symbiont phylogeny, suggesting convergent evolution of nitrogen fixation potential under nutrient-poor conditions. Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the nifHDKT operon by including other lucinid symbiont genomes from around the world further revealed that the last common ancestor (LCA) of Ca. Thiodiazotropha lacked nif genes, and populations in oligotrophic habitats later re-acquired the nif operon through HGT from the Sedimenticola symbiont lineage. Our study suggests that HGT of the nif operon has facilitated niche diversification of the globally distributed Ca. Thiodiazotropha endolucinida species clade. It highlights the importance of nitrogen availability in driving the ecological diversification of chemosynthetic symbiont species and the role that bacterial symbionts may play in the adaptation of marine organisms to changing environmental conditions.

Development of Automatic Object Detection and IoT for Garbage Pickup Assignment Problem

Waste management remains a challenge in certain cities, particularly in allocating fleets responsible for collecting garbage from temporary disposal sites. Inadequate planning can lead to the accumulation of substantial waste piles. This study aims to enhance truck assignment by considering truck capacity and the collection route. The assignment process incorporates the fundamental concept of the transportation problem, precisely the northwest corner method. The volume of waste transported aligns with the resident or industrial population within the designated service area. The waste generation capacity determines the future fleet and quantity, forming a crucial element of the ensuing distribution channel. A monitoring system integrating object detection and the Internet of Things (IoT) has been devised to ensure effective garbage collection. Cameras strategically positioned at temporary disposal sites transmit real-time images. The system evaluates garbage collection capacity through object detection facilitated by neural network training. The research outcomes demonstrate the system's capability to identify waste pile levels and validate the garbage pickup process by the designated fleet. Future research should focus on assignment and scheduling in waste transportation, enabling fleet allocation within specific timeframes. Additionally, an object detection algorithm refinement is necessary for more precise identification of waste pile locations.

АСПЕКТИ ПОБУДОВИ СИСТЕМИ ЕЛЕКТРОПОСТАЧАННЯ АВІАЦІЙНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ДЖЕРЕЛ РОЗОСЕРЕДЖЕНОЇ ГЕНЕРАЦІЇ

The aviation industry is a component of the transport structure of any developed country. In Ukraine, among other types of transport, air transport occupied a worthy place before the armed confrontation. Undoubtedly, the time will come and the further restoration of air transport in Ukraine is inevitable. Unmanned aerial vehicles, which have become indispensable components of reconnaissance operations, are also actively developing today. The main factor in ensuring the functioning of aviation enterprises is electricity supply. Undoubtedly, the power supply systems of aviation enterprises are made with double redundancy, however, as world and domestic experience shows, there is still a need to increase the level of reliability of the power supply systems of aviation enterprises. Therefore, the task of introducing additional generating capacities into the power supply systems of aviation enterprises remains relevant. The advantages of implementing the proposed power supply scheme for aviation enterprises using distributed sources of electrical energy are: the block structure of the system, which consists of typical electrotechnological devices, which makes it possible to relatively quickly provide electricity to responsible consumers of electrical energy, and makes it possible to increase generation capacity in the future. Meanwhile, today's promising ones are electric energy accumulators based on hydrogen technologies, among which fuel cells should be singled out. Not the last role is played by the safety of operating fuel cells in the conditions of aviation enterprises, which maintains aviation safety at a sufficient level. The article highlights the vision proposed by the authors regarding the reconfiguration of the existing power supply systems of aviation enterprises using sources of distributed generation. This approach should increase the safety of operation by accumulating systems on the reliability of power supply systems of aviation enterprises. The proposed power supply system using sources of distributed generation for operation in the conditions of aviation enterprises makes it possible for the power supply system of these enterprises to acquire new properties due to the modularity of generating units of sources of distributed generation of electric energy.

Gas turbine modification: A review

Energy is a vital part of life today and it is utilized by humans to carry out work. Energy is required in different forms e.g. chemical, mechanical, electrical etc. Electricity is a secondary energy resource due to its dependence on other primary energy resources like coal, natural gas, wind, solar, hydro etc. and it is one of the most important energy source needed today because man relies on it for a lot of processes and activities. Electricity generated by renewable means have zero effect on the environment while electricity generated by non-renewable means generate pollution to the atmosphere and deplete energy resources. 51% of the electricity generated in the world today is derived from fossil fuel which is a nonrenewable energy resource. Natural gas power plants account for 23.1% of electricity generation in the world while gas turbines makes up a large percentage for natural gas plants in power generation. Gas turbines can be modified to increase their generation capacities with the aim of reducing pollution associated with combustion of fossil fuel. Nigeria relies mainly on gas turbine to supply electricity to the grid. 81% of power plants in Nigeria are thermal power plants while 17.59% are hydro-power plants. Gas turbine power plants make up 89% of the thermal plants in Nigeria today and they mostly operate using simple cycle. This data shows that there is a lot of potential to increase gas turbine efficiency in the Nigerian electricity space while reducing pollution and reducing fuel consumption.

Design and Control Strategy of an Integrated Floating Photovoltaic Energy Storage System

Floating photovoltaic (FPV) power generation technology has gained widespread attention due to its advantages, which include the lack of the need to occupy land resources, low risk of power limitations, high power generation efficiency, reduced water evaporation, and the conservation of water resources. However, FPV systems also face challenges, such as a significant impact from aquatic environments on the system’s stability and safety and high operational and maintenance costs, leading to large fluctuations in the grid-connected power output. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate energy storage devices with FPV systems to form an integrated floating photovoltaic energy storage system that facilitates the secure supply of power. This study investigates the theoretical and practical issues of integrated floating photovoltaic energy storage systems. A novel integrated floating photovoltaic energy storage system was designed with a photovoltaic power generation capacity of 14 kW and an energy storage capacity of 18.8 kW/100 kWh. The control methods for photovoltaic cells and energy storage batteries were analyzed. The coordinated control of photovoltaic cells was achieved through MPPT control and improved droop control, while the coordinated control of energy storage batteries involved a droop charge–discharge mode, a constant-voltage charging mode, and a standby mode. The simulations were realized in MATLAB/Simulink and the results validated the effectiveness of the coordinated control strategy proposed in this study. The strategy achieved operational stability and efficiency of the integrated photovoltaic energy storage system.

Price responsiveness of solar and wind capacity demands

Accurate estimates of the price responsiveness of residential, commercial, and industrial electricity demands are essential for energy policy modelling, integrated resource planning, and determining a competitive wholesale electricity market's generation levels, prices, and capacity investments. Hence, we estimate the own-price elasticities of solar and wind capacity demands of a load serving entity (LSE) that provides retail electricity service, thereby answering two interrelated research questions: (1) does solar capacity demand far exceed wind capacity demand? and (2) are solar and wind capacity demands price-elastic? Inspired by the theory of input demand under input price uncertainty, our innovative methodology integrates (a) wholesale spot energy price forecasts by time of day; (b) pseudo data found by minimizing a LSE's annual risk-adjusted budget for procuring solar and wind capacities; and (c) econometric analysis of (b) to estimate the extent of substitutability between solar and wind capacities and the own-price elasticities of solar and wind capacity demands. Using Texas as an illustrative example, we find that when solar and wind power purchase agreements have similar energy prices, solar capacity demand is approximately four times wind capacity demand. Further, the own-price elasticity estimates are −5.34 for solar capacity demand and −5.65 for wind capacity demand. As a result, solar and wind capacity demands tend to substantially grow (shrink) in response to declining (rising) solar and wind energy prices. This lends support to proposals to raise solar and wind energy prices for mitigating the adverse effects of large-scale variable renewable energy development on an electric grid's efficient operation and system reliability. However, adopting such proposals also slows the grid's pace of decarbonization, thus underscoring the policy and regulatory challenges in the quest for a clean and sustainable electricity future. Hence, our policy recommendation of price managing solar and wind capacity demands is a topic of policy debate that deserves the attention of an electric grid's stakeholders.

A structure-guided strategy to design Golgi apparatus-targeted type-I/II aggregation-induced emission photosensitizers for efficient photodynamic therapy

The Golgi apparatus (GA) is a vital target for anticancer therapy due to its sensitivity against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress that could lead to cell death. In this study, we designed a series of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based photosensitizers (TPAPyTZ, TPAPyTC, TPAPyTM, and TPAPyTI) carrying different ROS with selective GA-targeted ability. The in vitro study showed that TPAPyTZ and TPAPyTC displayed strong AIE characteristics, robust type-I/II ROS production capabilities, specific GA-targeted, high photostability, and high imaging quality. The cell-uptake of TPAPyTZ was found primarily through an energy-dependent caveolae/raft-mediated endocytosis pathway. Remarkably, TPAPyTZ induced GA-oxidative stress, leading to GA fragmentation, downregulation of GM130 expression, and activation of mitochondria caspase-related apoptosis during photodynamic therapy (PDT). In vivo experiments revealed that TPAPyTZ significantly inhibited tumor proliferation under lower-intensity white light irradiation with minimal side effects. Overall, our work presents a promising strategy for designing AIEgens for fluorescence imaging-guided PDT. Additionally, it enriched the collection of GA-targeted leads for the development of cancer theranostics capable of visualizing dynamic changes in the GA during cancer cell apoptosis, which could potentially enable early diagnosis applications in the future. Statement of significanceAIE luminogens (AIEgens) are potent phototheranostic agents that can exhibit strong fluorescence emission and enhance ROS production in the aggregate states. In this study, through the precise design of photosensitizers with four different electron-acceptors, we constructed a series of potent AIEgens (TPAPyTZ, TPAPyTC, TPAPyTM, and TPAPyTI) with strong fluorescence intensity and ROS generation capacity. Among them, TPAPyTZ with an extended π-conjugation displayed the strongest ROS generation ability and anti-tumor activity, resulting in an 88 % reduction in tumor weight. Our studies revealed that the enhanced activity of TPAPyTZ may be due to its unique Golgi apparatus (GA)-targeted ability, which causes GA oxidative stress followed by effective cancer cell apoptosis. This unique GA-targeted feature of TPAPyTZ remains rare in the reported AIEgens, which mainly target organelles such as lysosome, mitochondria, and cell membrane. The successful design of a GA-targeted and potent AIEgen could enrich the collection of GA-targeted luminogens, providing a lead theranostic for the further development of fluorescence imaging-guided PDT, and serving as a tool to explore the potential mechanism and discover new GA-specific drug targets.