Generation Of Mobile Devices Research Articles

P‐71: Methods for Adopting High Resolutions Mobile Displays in Alternative Applications, Products and Markets

Mobile displays are overcoming bandwidth hurdles of low cost chip‐on‐glass DDIC manufacturing. Using VESA DSC and MIPI C‐PHY achieves over 6x of additional throughput compared to traditional MIPI D‐PHY interfaces and is driving the next generation of mobile devices, VR/AR headsets and immersive automotive consoles providing higher resolution and frame rate at lower cost and power. Using FPGA/ASSP bridging devices with VESA DSC and MIPI C‐PHY support overcomes the adoption challenges of D‐PHY and eDP based SoCs along with cabling interfaces such HDMI, DP and A‐PHY will be discussed.

Toward the realization of subsurface volumetric integrated optical systems

Next generation mobile devices and computing architectures would benefit from ultra-high bandwidth technologies that efficiently transport and process optical signals. Subsurface fabrication can address this challenge by forming volumetric photonic integrated circuits with a more compact aerial footprint than planar on-chip circuits. These 3D optical systems may utilize densely packed low-loss, freeform optical interconnects for high volume data transfer. In this Perspective, we provide a comparative overview of the two main methods for subsurface fabrication, including our recently developed SCRIBE process, and assess the advantages and future directions of each approach. After analyzing the underlying technologies, we provide a roadmap of important steps to transition from laboratory demonstrations of individual elements to industrial-scale production of subsurface volumetric photonic integrated circuits.

Report from the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance

The Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance (NGMN) was founded by leading international mobile network operators in 2006 with the objective to ensure that functionality and performance of the next generation mobile network infrastructure, service platforms and devices will meet the requirements of operators and, ultimately, will satisfy end user demand and expectations.

Disruption of Patient and Family Centered Care Through the COVID-19 Pandemic

Disruption of Patient and Family Centered Care Through the COVID-19 Pandemic

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The article notes that nowadays the effectiveness of mastering English, which has long been the language of international communication and interaction for servicemen, is becoming essential. It is noted that there exist unresolved didactic problems reducing the quality of organizational and pedagogic tasks which emerge in the course of training. It is stated that in modern military aviation practice military pilots� professional activity is to a great extent characterized by their communicative competence which includes the following components: language competence (ability to communicate in all language aspects); competence of interaction (ability to use language to express communicative intention in an official situation of communication); socio-cultural competence (ability to build intercultural communication with foreign colleagues from other countries); compensatory competence (ability to successfully solve a difficult situation which might occur during flights). The article suggests the most appropriate methods of teaching and training future UAS crew members considering the specificity of goals and content of �English for Special Purposes� as a curriculum subject. Alongside with traditional methods, active teaching/learning methods such as problem-based learning tasks, analysis and solving of specific situations, role-playing games, variety of interactive exercises simulating near-real situations of professional scope are viewed as those of particular importance and efficiency. The main features of problem-based learning are determined: strengthening the focus on the personality of a cadet; expanding opportunities for interaction between a teacher and a cadet in the learning environment; development of cadets� intellectual mobility; increasing opportunities for creativity through independent work with a large number of databases offered by the teacher and present on the Internet; personalization of training through the creation of research projects featuring problematic nature; widespread access to new generation mobile devices, equipment and aircraft. The successive steps of designing a training course in �English for Special Purposes� for future UAS operators in a higher military educational institution are determined by the teacher. Key words: professional training, future UAS operators, English for Special Purposes, methods of problem-based learning.

An Efficient Implementation and Analysis of Tail-Biting Convolution Coding Algorithm for OFDM Based System in Terms of Speed, Memory and Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Using DSP

Fourth Generation (4G) mobile communication system uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). With this technique, high data rate demands are achieved. Tail biting Convolution Coding (TBCC) avoids the data rate loss, hence it is widely used error control coding algorithm in OFDM and other various wireless communication technologies. But, OFDM has increased Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). High PAPR signal consumes more power and makes system power inefficient. To gain supercomputing performance in terms of Speed, Memory and Power on mobile devices, an efficient implementation of algorithms on Digital Signal Processing (DSP) processor is an essential requirement. This requirement becomes more stringent for Fifth Generation (5G) mobile devices. For this, wide scope of knowledge as well as skills are required to understand the algorithm, DSP architecture, instruction set, optimization and performance measurement. In this article, we have implemented TBCC algorithm using Bit by Bit (BYB) and Look Up Table (LUT) approaches on Freescale StarCore SC140 based DSP platform and proposed an efficient algorithm implementation methodology by comparing the machine cycles and memory requirement. We have used coding rate (R) = 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 and constraint length (K) = 5 and K = 9 for implementation of TBCC. Using our proposed LUT approach, we have achieved average 45.82% Computational Complexity Reduction Ratio (CCRR) in machine cycles compared to BYB approach. Proposed LUT approach increases the TBCC execution speed. Our developed fixed point routines can be used for any K ≤ 9. TBCC is also analyzed for PAPR to get an overall profiling results and three dimensional optimization of TBCC algorithm in terms of Speed, Memory and Power.

Optimized ECD Cu RDL Process with Via Filling Capability for Next Generation Packaging

Abstract Next generation mobile devices, especially those with 5G capability, will require higher functionality and speed in combination with shrinking component as well as package dimensions. These requirements pose challenges to upcoming heterogeneous integration. In order to account for the increasingly complex technologies, filling of vias with copper will be required for packaging of the various components. Examples for such via filling applications include next generation radio frequency (RF) filters and multilayer redistribution layers (RDLs). However, the size scales of these applications vary from 100 μm to sub 5 μm. In addition to via filling of different dimensions and aspect ratios, the copper electrodeposition process is also supposed to be able to plate lines and pads within the RDLs. A combination of electrochemical and spectroscopic experiments was applied to optimize organic plating additives with respect to their suitability to deposit copper into this broad variety of structures.

Graphene ribbons with suspended masses as transducers in ultra-small nanoelectromechanical accelerometers

Nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) sensors and actuators could be of use in the development of next generation mobile, wearable, and implantable devices. However, these NEMS devices require transducers that are ultra-small, sensitive and can be fabricated at low cost. Here, we show that suspended double-layer graphene ribbons with attached silicon proof masses can be used as combined spring-mass and piezoresistive transducers. The transducers, which are realized using processes that are compatible with large-scale semiconductor manufacturing technologies, can yield NEMS accelerometers that occupy at least two orders of magnitude smaller die area than conventional state-of-the-art silicon accelerometers.

Review of software applications for agricultural production in Croatia

The application of mobile devices (smartphones, tablets, etc.) to the agriculture sector has been greatly increased in the last decade. The ICT technologies have become an essential part of any business. Using Internet on mobile devices can prove to be essential in agriculture production. A new generation of mobile devices are lower in price and more user-friendly. This paper provides an overview of software applications that are created in Croatia and are mostly in the Croatian language. They are divided into groups of agriculture related applications; agriculture management information apps; agriculture information resource apps; agriculture calculator apps; agriculture news apps, weather apps. The research shows the agri-apps are still in its infancy and we can say that it reflects the state of agriculture in Croatia. Apps are a promising solution for farmers enabling them quick and trustworthy access to information. At the moment, further analyses are needed for scientific proof and improvement of a product

Hadoop MapReduce for Mobile Clouds

The new generations of mobile devices have high processing power and storage, but they lag behind in terms of software systems for big data storage and processing. Hadoop is a scalable platform that provides distributed storage and computational capabilities on clusters of commodity hardware. Building Hadoop on a mobile network enables the devices to run data intensive computing applications without direct knowledge of underlying distributed systems complexities. However, these applications have severe energy and reliability constraints (e.g., caused by unexpected device failures or topology changes in a dynamic network). As mobile devices are more susceptible to unauthorized access, when compared to traditional servers, security is also a concern for sensitive data. Hence, it is paramount to consider reliability, energy efficiency and security for such applications. The MDFS (Mobile Distributed File System) [1] addresses these issues for big data processing in mobile clouds. We have developed the Hadoop MapReduce framework over MDFS and have studied its performance by varying input workloads in a real heterogeneous mobile cluster. Our evaluation shows that the implementation addresses all constraints in processing large amounts of data in mobile clouds. Thus, our system is a viable solution to meet the growing demands of data processing in a mobile environment.

The Impact of Mobile Gadget in EFL Learning: Perceptions of EFL Undergraduates

AbstractMost of young people are enthusiasticin having the most recent mobile gadgets just to boast among their peers. They likely utilize them to make phone calls, take pictures, listen to songs, watch videos, or surf the internet access for learning or just entertainment. In a technologically advanced country like Indonesia, the third and fourth generation (3G, 4G) mobile devices are available at affordable prices, and people of all streams find it necessary to own a mobile gadget for connecting and communicating. Moreover, it has become a common trend among undergraduates to carry a mobile gadget to the classroom as well.In this paper, the researcher emphasize the potential of mobile gadgets as a learning tool for students and have incorporated them into the learning environment.The present study examines the application of mobile gadgetin EFL learning and investigates the perceptions of EFL students about mobile gadget in learning activity. A field study was conducted on thirty undergraduatestudents majoring in accounting study Serang Raya University. The methodology of data collection included a self-report for students and teachers’ and students’ questionnaire. Findings of the research are significant for EFL teachers and researchers for introducing innovative methods and helpful materials for the English classroom.Keywords: Mobile gadget, students’ perception, teachers’ perception..

Smartwatch as an Assistive Technology

Wearables may have notable potential as an assistive technology for persons with various difficulties. Although quite popular, smartwatches' niches are still revealing. One of them is definitely in the domain of assistive technology due to their communication and location features. Positioning features enable parents or caregivers to know the whereabouts of child or persons with disabilities, thus increasing their safety. The paper presents smartwatch tracking system for people with complex communication needs with emphasis on detection of smartwatch wearer's common movement routes. The application is a result of multidisciplinary research performed in the area of information and communication technology, as an assistive technology aiming to explore the technological possibilities of connecting new generations of mobile devices and their technological supplements, or wearables, in order to establish a different communication and location aids.

A Novel 28 GHz Beam Steering Array for 5G Mobile Device With Metallic Casing Application

The design of a novel practical 28 GHz beam steering phased array antenna for future fifth generation mobile device applications is presented in this communication. The proposed array antenna has 16 cavity-backed slot antenna elements that are implemented via the metallic back casing of the mobile device, in which two eight-element phased arrays are built on the left- and right-side edges of the mobile device. Each eight-element phased array can yield beam steering at broadside and gain of >15 dBi can be achieved at boresight. The measured 10 dB return loss bandwidth of the proposed cavity-backed slot antenna element was approximately 27.5–30 GHz. In addition, the impacts of user’s hand effects are also investigated.

Packaging Challenges for the Next Generation of Mobile Devices

Changes in board technology, denser packaging due to board size limitations, and phone thickness trends pose number of technical challenges for designing IC packages for mobile applications. While thin packages are required to meet height constraints requirements, room temperature co-planarity and high temperature warpage become critical issues for packages with thin substrate, die, and mold cap. Similarly, while PoP provides numerous benefits from size and business standpoint; heat dissipation and thickness constraints requires continuous development of new packaging technologies. In addition, changes in board behavior is affecting the overall stress equation, making Chip-Package-Board interaction very important when deciding chip and package level interconnections. This presentation will highlight some of these challenges and identify technology innovations in areas such as System in Package (SIP) to mitigating these factors while simplifying supply chain and improving overall time to market.

Electrochemical Innovation in Electronics: Is Success Sustainable?

Electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering have evolved into important disciplines enabling unprecedented progress in electronics. Because of the complexity of electronic devices the path to innovation requires a thorough understanding of materials and device characteristics, integration of materials and processes and process scale up, and control based on sound electrochemical engineering practices. Four case studies will be examined and common elements in product innovation, themes for success and shortcomings will be indentified. Because of globalization and new economic drivers of growth in developed economies, future success stories have to bring in differentiating solutions to the market place. The electrochemical fabrication of flip-chip solder technology is an extremely selective and efficient process which is extendible to larger wafer sizes, to finer dimensions and to higher C4 density. Modeling, experimental matrices, process control and equipment were developed to enable great manufacturability and scalability of the flip-chip process.1 CIGS solar cells are one the most promising of the thin film solar cell technologies. For the electrodeposition of CIGS different processing approaches have been tried such as electrodeposition of Cu/In/Ga/Se thin films or alloy deposition of CuInGaSe2. 2 Key challenges are the deposition of uniform nm scale thin films on meter large resistive substrates, controlling nucleation and growth and tailoring the microstructure of the thin film in order to control the composition and microstructure of the final chalcopyrite layer.3,4 Electrodeposition of a Cu–In–Ga mixed oxide/hydroxide layer from an aqueous solution has been demonstrated.5 Monolithically integrated power converters are enabling technologies for the fine-grain power management of future microprocessors. A high magnetic inductor Q is required for the buck converter to achieve >90% power efficiency.6 A high Q magnetic inductor poses challenging requirements for the magnetic materials: low coercivity, high permeability, high resistivity in order to minimize eddy current losses and a small damping coefficient in order to have reduce magnetic losses at high frequency.7 We developed selection criterial for the materials based on permeability measurements and the estimation of the magnetic loss tangent. It has been a long journey of materials selection.8 Wearables will be transformed into Thinkables offering cognitive real-time analytics of biological data at the point of sensing. Real-time analytics will require continuous streaming of large data sets. Neuromorphic platforms will play a key role in connecting on-body sensors directly with deep-learning technology creating a closed-loop interface back to the wearer. IBM’s recently introduced neuromorphic TrueNorth chip constitutes the means to transform a Wearable into a Thinkable. By linking TrueNorth technology to advances in electrochemical bio-sensing and deep-learning, we aim to create a first generation of Thinkables in the field of applied neuroscience.9, 10 A big future need is real-time handling of large data sets. Acknowledgement The author gratefully acknowledges Luby T. Romankiw, who introduced electrochemical technology at IBM; M. Datta who had a key role in the R&D of the electrochemically fabricated C4s; D. Lincot, P.-P. Grand for introducing the key challenges in solar cells and collaborating; N. Wang, E. O’Sullivan, B. Doris for collaboration on the magnetic inductor; S. Harrer and the IBM Australia team for discussions and collaboration on bioelectronics, biosensors and cognitive computing. REFERENCES M. Datta, R. V. Shenoy, C. Jahnes, P. C. Andricacos, J. Horkans, J. O. Dukovic, L. T. Romankiw, J. Roeder, H. Deligianni, H. Nye, B. Agarwala, H. M. Tong, P. Totta, J. Electrochem. Soc., 142(11), J. Electrochem. Soc., 142(11), 3778- 3785 (1995).H. Deligianni, S. Ahmed, L.T. Romankiw, Interface, 20, 47 (2011)Q. Huang, et al., JECS, 158(2), D57-D61 (2011).S. Ahmed, et al., JECS, 159(2), D129-D134 (2012).A. Duchatelet, T. Sidali, N. Loones, G. Savidand, E. Chassaing, D. Lincot, S olar Energy Materials & Solar Cells , 119 , 241–245, (2013). N. Wang, D. Goren, E. O’Sullivan, X. Zhang, W. J. Gallagher, P. Herget, et al., IEDM, pp. 307-310, 2014. H. Deligianni, N. Wang, O. Jinka, J. Yoon, E. J. O'Sullivan, L. Romankiw, W. J. Gallagher, No. 905, 228th ECS Meeting in Phoenix, AZ, October 13, 2015. E. O’Sullivan, N. Wang, H. Deligianni, B. Doris, A. Bahgat Shehata, B. C. Webb, L T. Romankiw, W. J. Gallagher, 230th ECS Meeting in Honolulu, HI, October 7-11, 2016. S. Harrer, I. Kiral-Kornek, R. Kerr, B. Mashford, J. Tang, A. Jimeno Yepes, H. Deligianni., “From Wearables to Thinkables-Deep Learning, Nano-biosensors and the Next Generation of Mobile Devices,” White Paper, ICONN 2016, Canberra, AU.10. E. Nurse, B. Mashford, A. Jimeno Yepes, I. Kiral-Kornek, J. Tang, P. Karoly, L. Deligianni, S. Harrer, D. Freestone, “Decoding EEG and LFP signals using deep learning: heading TrueNorth,” accepted ACM Computing Frontiers, 2016.

Materials for High Energy Lithuim Ion Batteries

Advancement of smart electronics, evolution of wearable devices, and growing interest in electric vehicles have created significant needs for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density that provide longer usage time, smaller size, and extended driving range, respectively. Since its introduction to market in 1991, the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has increased significantly, which has been possible through innovation in materials technologies and cell engineering. To meet market’s expectation for LIBs as power sources for electric vehicles and next generation mobile devices, however, further breakthroughs are needed, especially in active materials. In this presentation, recent status and progress in active materials in commercial high energy density LIBs will be discussed.

The Analysis of New Generation Mobile Device Dependencies of Students in Faculty of Education

The development of technology brought about some advantages as well as particular disadvantages. phones which are new generation mobile devices are technological tools for meeting certain needs such as entertainment, social media, realization of daily routines and usage for educational purposes. The facts that new generation mobile devices can realize many transactions and provide solutions for individuals’ needs immediately, arise the continuous interaction of individuals with mobile devices and thus, technological dependency. It is important to determine the usage of mobile technology by instructors who own a particular role in ICT integration process. The habitudes which instructors gained before their professional lives affect their careers. Therefore it is important to determine their usage of new generation mobile technologies in order to earn them the correct habitudes. The aim of this study is to determine the prospective instructors’ usages of smart phones who receive education in different branches of faculty of education in terms of various variables. Research group consists of 217 prospective instructors who are studying in different branches at Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Kelesoglu Faculty of Education. As data collection tool of the study; “personal information form” and Smart Phone Dependency developed by Demirci and friends (2014) are created. The scale is 6-point Likert-type scale. It consists of 33 items. The Cronbach alfa (α) internal consistency coefficient of Phone Dependency Scale is found 0.947. SPSS package program is used in order to analyze the data collected by data collection tools. Descriptive statistics, t-test for independent samples and analysis of variance are used for the analysis of data.

The Impact of Mobile Phones on English Language Learning: Perceptions of EFL Undergraduates

Researchers across the world are examining the educational value and effectiveness of integrating the latest electronic gadgets with teaching-learning activities in the classroom. In spite of the availability of latest electronic gadgets like iPods, tablets, and smartwatches, researchers are more interested in the educational value of the mobile phones for the teaching-learning of English. In a technologically advanced country like Saudi Arabia, the third and fourth generation (3G, 4G) mobile devices are available at affordable prices, and people of all streams find it necessary to own a mobile phone for connecting with their friends and relatives. Moreover, it has become a common trend among undergraduates to carry a mobile phone to the classroom as well. The present study examines the impact of mobile phones on students’ English language learning. A field study was conducted on fifty-two undergraduate male students majoring in English language and literature at Aljouf University, Saudi Arabia. The methodology of data collection included a self-report for students and a teacher questionnaire. Findings of the study are significant for EFL teachers and researchers for introducing innovative methods and resourceful materials for the English classroom.

Studies on inter-component communication latency based on variation number of components and packet size in SDR-SCA waveform application

The ability to use software defined radio SDR in the civilian mobile applications will open up the next generation of mobile devices to reality such as multi-standard personal wireless devices or ubiquitous wireless devices. Many challenges in commercialising SDR are still the subject of interest in the software radio research community. Four main issues that have been already addressed are performance, size, weight, and power. The investigation presents in-depth study of SDR inter-components communications in terms of total link delay related to the number of components and packet sizes in software communication architecture SCA-based systems. The study is based on the investigation of the controlled environment platform. Results indicate the total link delay did not linearly increase with the number of components and the packet sizes. The closed form expression of the delay was modelled using the logistic function in terms of the number of components and packet sizes. The model performed very well when the number of components was large.

Mobile devices in agriculture: attracting new audiences or serving the tech-savvy?

The latest wave of ICT-innovations are based around mobility (smart phones, tablets, wireless networks etc.). Mobility can be a decisive success factor of ICT-adoption, because of the spatial, local and remote nature of farming. New generation mobile devices can also have a lower barrier to entry in terms of skills and cost for the user/farmer. The question is whether these new devices, especially smart phones and tablets are adopted by the farmers who are already using computers and Internet or they are attracting new audiences as well? The author’s research in Hungary on the supply and demand side of the phenomenon shows that the “agri-app-economy” is still in its infancy, and both the supply and demand side are reflecting the current state and the earlier development of ICT-usage in agriculture. At the moment, new generation of mobile devices are not acting as a tool to overcome earlier and existing barriers of adoption, rather as an indicator of the general level of ICT-use in agriculture. Mobile devices are mainly used by “tech-savvy” farmers, as a general purpose technology – partly because of the lack of relevant applications in agriculture.