Generational Shift Research Articles

Religion, culture, and identity: the generational evolution of identification with Buddhism from the perspective of young Chinese Indonesians

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the generational shifts in identification with Buddhism from the perspective of young Chinese Indonesians. The study combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to collect data from 257 respondents spanning three generations (grandparents, parents, and children) across 10 provinces in Indonesia. The findings indicate a general trend of generational decline in Identification with Buddhism among Chinese Indonesians. Identification with Buddhist symbols declines most rapidly, while recognition of Buddhist behavioural patterns shows the least decline. The alignment with Buddhist values and perceptions initially changes slowly but accelerates in decline over time. Additionally, there is a negative correlation between Buddhist identity and emotional engagement, reflecting complex intergenerational dynamics. The analysis also reveals significant effects of regional differences, community relationships, and familial occupational backgrounds on the decline in levels of Identification with Buddhism.

A generational shift: how partisan alignment and the rise of social issues have produced a generation of Democrats

ABSTRACT American political elites are today more neatly divided on a wider range of issues than at any other point in the postwar era. How have these trends affected the political socialization of American youth? We argue that two distinctive aspects of US polarization, namely ideological alignment and the emergence of non-economic issues, have formed the foundation of a generational shift in favor of the Democratic party. We find that Millennials and Gen Z display levels of ideological alignment across economic, civil rights, and moral domains that are equal to or greater than previous generations. Their liberal positions on moral and civil rights issues are not only strongly predictive of vote choice, but also tend to offset any conservative positions on economic issues – in contrast to the way previous generations resolved such ideological tensions. As such, the push for a non-economic political agenda – a popular strategy in the last few decades, especially among Republicans – might well benefit the Democrats electorally as older generations are replaced.

Adults with perinatally acquired HIV in low- and middle-income settings: time for a generational shift in HIV care and global guidance.

Adults with perinatally acquired HIV in low- and middle-income settings: time for a generational shift in HIV care and global guidance.

Membangun Innovative Work Behavior Pada Karyawan Generasi Millennial: Peran Transformational Leadership Dan Employee Engagement

The generational shift in the workforce, from generation X to the millennial generation, requires company leaders to understand the behavior of millennial generation employees and adopt the leadership style used. This study analyzed whether transformational leadership and employee engagement can improve the innovative work behavior of millennial generation employees. This study used a quantitative approach, by surveying 167 millennial generation employees. The data was processed using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that transformational leadership and employee engagement significantly increased innovative work behavior. Transformational leadership will foster engagement among employees, and in the end, will encourage the formation of innovative work behavior.

The structure and evolution of social psychology: a co-citation network analysis

ABSTRACT The present study examined the thematic composition and temporal evolution of social psychology through a co-citation network analysis of 80,350 articles published from 1970 through 2022. Six primary thematic clusters were identified: a broad “Classic Social Psychology” cluster most prominent in the 1970s and 1980s; “Traits & Affect” and “Social Cognition” clusters most influential in the 1990s; and “The Self,” “Intergroup Relations,” and “Big Five” clusters emerging after 2000. A small seventh cluster dedicated to COVID-19 and conspiracy theories emerged around 2021. These trends fit a narrative of generational shifts within distinct social and personality psychology traditions.

Disease-driven domain generalization for neuroimaging-based assessment of Alzheimer's disease.

Development of deep learning models to evaluate structural brain changes caused by cognitive impairment in MRI scans holds significant translational value. The efficacy of these models often encounters challenges due to variabilities arising from different data generation protocols, imaging equipment, radiological artifacts, and shifts in demographic distributions. Domain generalization (DG) techniques show promise in addressing these challenges by enabling the model to learn from one or more source domains and apply this knowledge to new, unseen target domains. Here we present a framework that utilizes model interpretability to enhance the generalizability of classification models across various cohorts. We used MRI scans and clinical diagnoses from four independent cohorts: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, n = 1821), the Framingham Heart Study (FHS, n = 304), the Australian Imaging Biomarkers & Lifestyle Study of Ageing (AIBL, n = 661), and the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC, n = 4647). With this data, we trained a deep neural network to focus on areas of the brain identified as relevant to the disease for model training. Our approach involved training a classifier to differentiate between structural neurodegeneration in individuals with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This was achieved by aligning class-wise attention with a unified visual saliency prior, which was computed offline for each class using all the training data. Our method not only competes with state-of-the-art approaches but also shows improved correlation with postmortem histology. This alignment with the gold standard evidence is a significant step towards validating the effectiveness of DG frameworks, paving the way for their broader application in the field.

‘DAS JUNGE DEUTSCHLAND INTERESSIRT MICH SEHRʼ: ROSA MARIA ASSING UND DER GENERATIONELLE UMBRUCH UM 1830 IM SPIEGEL IHRER BRIEFE UND DIARISTIK AUS DER SAMMLUNG VARNHAGEN

AbstractRosa Maria Assing, born in 1783, belonged to a generation of female authors whose prominence and influence began to wane around 1830. As hostess of an important literary salon in Hamburg, she had had contact with numerous authors of the younger generation since the 1820s, including Heinrich Heine, Karl Gutzkow, Theodor Mundt and Ludwig Wihl. At the same time, she remained faithful to her old literary friends, including the representatives of the so‐called Swabian School of Poets, primarily Ludwig Uhland and Justinus Kerner. This article traces Assing's contact with authors associated with the ‘Vormärz’ and ‘Young Germany’, focusing on her friendship with Heinrich Heine. This leads to conclusions concerning not only the relationship between older and younger contributors to the literary scene of the time but also the generational shift towards the ‘Vormärz’ in general.

Political Martyrdom Revisited: Iran’s Contemporary Perspective and Insights from the Woman-Life-Freedom Uprising

Martyrdom holds significant cultural and historical importance in Iranian culture. It has deep roots in Shia Islam, the predominant religion in Iran, and frequently appears in Iranians’ collective memory. The concept of martyrdom gained significant prominence during the Iran-Iraq War (1980 - 1988) when many Iranians, including soldiers and civilians, lost their lives while defending their country. The war led to a surge in a culture surrounding martyrdom, with commemorations, ceremonies and rituals that continue today. Years after the war, new conceptions of martyrdom appeared, and the traditional ones transformed. The latest uprisings in Iran in 2022, with the slogan ‘woman-life-freedom’, have spurred a lively discussion as to how to consider martyrdom nowadays. This article examines the concept of martyrdom, offering fresh interpretations influenced by generational shifts and the rise of social activism in the 2020s, which diverge from traditional revolutionary ideologies. Drawing from survey data and qualitative interviews, the research proposes a taxonomy of martyr categories.

Coulomb-induced emission time shifts in high-order harmonic generation from H2+

Accurate emission times of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) are vital for high-precision ultrafast detection in attosecond science, but a quantitative analysis of Coulomb effects on this time is absent in the molecular HHG. Here, we investigate the Coulomb-induced emission-time shift in HHG of H2+ with two different internuclear distances R, where the times obtained via the Gabor transform of numerical data from solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation are used as simulation experiment results. Based on the molecular strong-field approximation, we develop a trajectory-resolved classical model that takes into account the molecular two-center structure. By selecting appropriate electron trajectories and including Coulomb interactions, the classical trajectory method can reproduce Gabor emission times well. This consistence reveals that Coulomb tails cause an emission-time shift of ∼35 as at the R = 2.0 a.u. case and of ∼40-60 as at the R = 2.6 a.u. case under the present laser parameters when compared to the Coulomb-free quantum-orbit model. Our results are of significance to probe the attosecond dynamics via two-center interference.

“Genderation,” Identity, and Authenticity in the LGBTQ Marketplace

This study explores how LGBTQ identities and expressions evolve across generations, emphasizing the impact of sociocultural dynamics. It introduces the concept of “Genderation” to capture the fluidity and plurality of LGBTQ identities among younger cohorts, challenging traditional binary frameworks. The paper delves into the complexities marketers face in authentically representing this demographic, urging for inclusive and sensitive communication strategies. It highlights the pivotal role of digital platforms in identity formation and advocates for marketing practices that recognize and celebrate the diversity within the LGBTQ community. The research calls for a broader, global understanding of these generational shifts and a deeper investigation into the intersections of gender and sexuality, offering insightful directions for future inquiry and practice.

Web 3.0 And Utility NFTS in Tourism: Innovations, Prospects, and Generational Shifts

Web 3.0 And Utility NFTS in Tourism: Innovations, Prospects, and Generational Shifts

Position paper of the Berlin-Brandenburg Surgical Society-On the future of surgical further training

Surgical further training faces the challenging task of reconciling technological advancements and patient safety, particularly in the context of the planned hospital reform. Additionally, the generation shift and evolving expectations of GenerationsY andZ in the workplace present further challenges. In response to these demands, the Berlin-Brandenburg Surgical Society (Berlin-Brandenburgische Chirurgische Gesellschaft, BCG) initiated astructured discussion and developed aposition paper during the Neuhardenberg talks (Neuhardenberger Gespräche). Within the framework of the Neuhardenberg talks, four sessions with keynote presentations and discussions took place. Based on the main discussion points, theses and positions were subsequently formulated and digitally voted on. The results reveal aclear consensus favoring flexible working hours models, earlier specialization options and the integration of external rotations in surgical further training. Regarding talent acquisition and early recruitment of residents, there was aclear consensus supporting the promotion of employee engagement and structured early recruitment of students. There was unanimous agreement on the introduction of training associations as an effective means to ensure high-quality surgical further training. One of the central points in the discussions was that high-quality surgical further training will only be achievable within training associations, especially given the impending hospital reform. The BCG plans to develop amodular further training association to make surgical further training in Berlin/Brandenburg fit for the future.

Assessing the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of China's power sector changes in 2010–2020

Power sector changes in China have far-reaching socioeconomic and environmental impacts. To achieve sustainable power transitions, it is crucial to analyze the impact patterns and mechanisms of power sector changes on socioeconomic and environmental systems. For this purpose, we develop a hybrid-unit input-output model with detailed power sectors and endogenous capital for accurately capturing the overall Socio-Economic-Environmental (SEE) impacts induced by power sector changes over 2010–2020, and underlying determinants are identified using the structural decomposition analysis technique. We find that China's power sector changes exerted positive SEE impacts especially after 2015, with a trade-off of creation in value added and employment over CO2 emissions growth. Revealing the impact mechanisms shows that supply chains embodied more impacts than direct demand variants induced by power operation and capacity investments. Increased generation of clean fossil power and expanded capacity investments of renewable power largely contributed to positive SEE impacts, particularly in fuel-related as well as power equipment manufacturing and metal production sectors, while the phase-down of subcritical coal power and capacity reduction of hydropower impeded SEE progress. Production structure improvement and employment intensity decline as well as power generation shifts toward wind and solar power led to negative SEE impacts alongside reductions in value added and employment, and CO2 emissions growth was further induced by more equipment-intensive investment structures. Our empirical results inform policymaking promoting sustainable power transitions.

A Qualitative Analysis of Beliefs about Masculinity and Gender Socialization among US Mothers and Fathers of School-Age Boys.

Internalization of culturally dominant masculine gender role norms can have harmful impacts on the physical and emotional health of men and boys. Although parents play an important role in influencing gender-related beliefs in their children, limited research has examined how contemporary parents conceptualize masculinity and their role in gender socialization. The current study conducted 13 focus groups with Black, Latino, and White parents (N = 83) of school-age boys from rural and urban areas in a large southeastern state in the US. Parent beliefs about masculinity existed across a spectrum from "rigid" (representing narrow, culturally dominant masculine norms) to "flexible" (defining a broader set of behaviors and attitudes as masculine). In general, more flexible beliefs were expressed by mothers than fathers, and by White than Black and Latino parents. Most parents reacted positively to messages about potential harms associated with restrictive masculinity norms; however, many saw these issues primarily as parenting challenges (e.g., teaching boys to resist negative peer influences) rather than related to gender socialization. Some unique themes also emerged within racial/ethnic groups, with Black parents noting the impact of racial discrimination on societal expectations for Black men and fathers, and Latino parents describing generational shifts towards more equitable gender role attitudes and parenting practices. These findings highlight the need for more complex and nuanced messages about masculinity norms and their relationship to health and well-being and can help inform the development of interventions to promote healthy masculine gender socialization, increase health equity, and prevent injury and violence.

드라마 대사의 어휘 계량을 통한 교사-학생 관계의 변화 연구

This paper aims to explore the alteration of teacher-student relationships in youth dramas aired from 1991 to 2012, through the transcription of dialogues and quantitative lexical analysis. Selecting one drama per decade from the 1990s to the 2010s, the study employs morphological analysis and the weighted log- odds ratio to extract key words, categorized into nouns, verbs, adjectives, and sentence-closing ending. By ranking the extracted keywords by their centrality and selecting those of significance, the study examines how the dynamics between teachers and students have changed, discussing these changes in the context of actual drama dialogues. This paper is significant for its quantitative approach to drama dialogues, previously limited to socio-cultural interpretations based on a limited selection of works, offering a diachronic perspective on the shifting dynamics of teacher-student relationships. Dramas, reflecting the thoughts of their times, serve as a suitable medium for studying generational shifts, yet the extensive volume of material has hindered comprehensive research. This study anticipates future holistic approaches to drama analysis, enabling meaningful exploration of cultural and educational shifts over time.

A Different Mindset for a Different Culture: Sustaining the Next-Generation Workforce.

The author is a nurse executive who shares insights into why company leaders must change their mindset in how they build the next-generation nursing workforce culture. Despite the national nursing shortage crisis, nurses continue to be the most trusted profession for the 22nd consecutive year in a row. Technology advancements, generational paradigm shifts, global and domestic business transformations, diversity, equity, inclusion, and employee well-being are trends that have directly impacted the need for these changes. We know that it is not just about recruiting but also about creating a culture where the ambitions, aspirations, and perspectives of the nursing workforce are honored. There are key company strategies that matter to creating a next-generation workforce culture and are transferable to health care. Leaders must think differently about the culture they have to build in order to attract and retain the next-generational nursing and clinical workforce.

Thermal behavior of LiFePO4 battery at faster C-rates and lower ambient temperatures

Extensive focus is needed on the thermal safety of lithium-ion batteries at extreme operating conditions to prevent fire incidents. To accurately investigate the thermal behavior, this study employs a robust electrochemical-thermal model (P2D-T). The model incorporates temperature and concentration-dependent electrochemical parameters translating into an accurate prediction of temporal-spatial temperature variations, heat generation terms and shift in controlling mechanisms. The model has been validated with experimental data (18650 LiFePO4) and computed for a discharge rate of 1 C to 5 C and ambient temperature of 258.15 K to 328.15 K. Results reveal that at normal ambient temperature, the cell temperature gradient rises with the discharge rate (∆T5c2.3=∆T3c1.6=∆T1C). Since, the discharge is electronic conductivity controlled (σs <<σl), spatial non-uniform heat generation peaks form at the positive electrode. The dominant polarization heat (47% contribution, affected by overpotential and local current density) rises, complementing ohmic heat (27% contribution affected by transport resistance), while reversible reaction heat shifts to exothermic near the end of each discharge, contributing to the overall rise in cell temperature. At extreme conditions such as the discharge rate of 5 C and ambient temperature below 263.15 K (-10°C), the cell revealed a critical shift in heat generation mechanisms. Ohmic heat generation starts dominating (31% contribution) where ion transfer limitations (electrolyte diffusivity controlled) lead to non-uniform heat generation at the negative electrode rendering unsafe heat distribution with underutilization of energy (drops by 1.9 Wh/kg).

Are Generation Z Less Car-Centric Than Millennials? A Nationwide Analysis Through the Lens of Youth Licensing

Are young Americans becoming less car-centric? The National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data reveals a noticeable decline in the rate of driver's license acquisition among teens aged 16–20 years, with 65.4 % holding a driver's license in 2017. The percentage is 8.3 % and 8.1 % lower than in 2001 and 2009, respectively. This research compares the differences in driver's license acquisition between Millennials (teens in 2009) and their succeeding generation – Generation Z (teens in 2017) during late adolescence. It also investigates the factors that influence a teen's decision to hold a driver's license. Findings suggest that the dropped licensing rates between the two survey years can be partially explained by a generational shift in attitudes and cultural changes. Some traits of Generation Z, such as making more educational trips and growing up in a digital world, may significantly influence their decisions about obtaining a driver's license. To further explore whether Generation Z will drive less than Millennials once getting a driver's license, a multivariate analysis is conducted on licensed teens in 2009 and 2017, focusing on their driving distances on the survey day. Notably, this study does not find a significant difference between teens aged 18–20 years from the two generations. This research draws implications for planners, practitioners, and policymakers to proactively respond to the possible consequences of changing American car culture.

Abstract 4341: Non canonical mitochondrial hotspot mutations in cancer

Abstract The vast majority of recurrent somatic mutations arising in tumors affect protein-coding genes in the nuclear genome. Here, through population-scale analysis of 15,619 whole tumor genomes, we report the discovery of highly recurrent mutations affecting both the small (12S, MT - RNR1) and large (16S, MT - RNR2) RNA subunits of the mitoribosome. In total, we identified 70 recurrent, hotspot mutations affecting either subunit of the mitoribosome. Compared to non-hotspot positions, rRNA hotspots preferentially affect positions participating in Watson-Crick base pairing, and tend to arise at positions under strong purifying selection in the germline. Consistent with their putative selection, hotspot rRNA alleles arose at higher heteroplasmy than silent mutations under neutral selection. Transcriptional and metabolomic profiling of the m.1227G&amp;gt;A MT - RNR1 hotspot revealed a heteroplasmic dosage-dependent shift in energy generation towards glycolysis. Mutations disrupting the mitoribosome therefore represent a novel class of functional mutations under positive selection in cancer genomes. Citation Format: Sonia Boscenco, Jaqueline Tait-Mulder, Minsoo Kim, Cerise Tang, Mark Zucker, Tricia Park, Wei Wei, Patrick F. Chinnery, Payam A. Gammage, Ed Reznik. Non canonical mitochondrial hotspot mutations in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4341.

Innovative Sunday School Strategy Shaping the Character of Generation Alpha

This research explores innovative strategies to shape the character of Generation Alpha within Sunday School settings, addressing the challenges posed by technological advancements and generational shifts. Employing a qualitative approach and thematic analysis, the study reviews literature on Sunday School innovations, technology integration, character formation, and project-based learning. It identifies key themes: the historical origins of Sunday Schools, the integration of technology in Sunday School learning, character education through storytelling, and project-based learning. Findings underscore the significance of Sunday Schools in shaping moral character and adapting to contemporary needs. Examples of effective technology-based learning media are discussed, emphasizing the importance of aligning content with Christian values. Project-based learning is highlighted as a means to internalize Christian values and promote empathy and responsibility. Blended learning approaches are suggested to enhance motivation and engagement. This research contributes insights and recommendations for educators and church leaders to effectively mold the character of Generation Alpha within Sunday School contexts.