Generation Plants Research Articles

Sosialisasi penanaman dan pemanfaatan tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA)

Indonesian people have used herbal plants for generations to overcome health problems, but some people are still lacking in obtaining health services. Tenggareng hamlet, North Jenggik Village, Montong Gading Dstrict, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province is one of the hamlets that has not optimized the yard as land for growing herbal plants. The yard house is suitable land for planting various types of plants. The purpose of this activities was to increase the knowledge of the community, especially about the cultivation and use of medicinal plants. The method used in this community services were lecturing and discussion method. Involving 42 participants. The results of community services are increasing people knowledge and skills related to the planting and utilization of herbal plants. This can be seen from the occurrence of interactive discussions. In conclusion, by conducting socialization and utilization of Family Medicinal Plants can increase public understanding to optimize Family Medicinal Plants.

Production of Sustainable Renewable Energy from Biodegradable Wastes

Renewable energy from ISWM system plays a significant role in clean energy harvesting. SW containing 50% - 60% of methane (CH4) gas, with 40% - 50% carbon dioxide (CO2). CH4 being a valuable resources for clean energy production has 18 - 22 MJm-3 of energy content. Nigeria depends on finite means of energy sources, and are generally non-renewable in nature. Hence, this poise a greater danger to environmental sustainability. Therefore, this research aimed at providing an effective and sustainable dependability from the use of non-renewable to renewable energy sources, leading a shift from oil resource based energy to biodegradable energy & W-t-E resources, all emanating from MSW. Quantitative and qualitative approaches have been adopted in-line with this research work, to effectively evaluate and to extract 100% of CH4 gas (natural gas) available as LFG from SW to be used in domestic, industrial and power electricity generation plants. Technically this is achievable through passive or active gas management system, for an extensive extraction peak productivity period of 1 - 20 yrs. of available waste stream table 3, figure 4 and 7. Similarly an increased waste generated in 2020 from that of 2015, led to the extraction peak production period of 1 – 30 yrs. of continuous energy harvesting table 4, figure 5 and 7 respectively. Hence, there is the need for various stakeholders to invest in effective ISWM to boosting raw material sources for RRR.

Operation-dependent exergetic sustainability assessment and environmental analysis on a large tanker ship utilizing Organic Rankine cycle system

This study focuses on the novel perspective of marine ORC systems with a detailed marine diesel generator plant simulation integrated with an ORC system model to evaluate environmental impacts and energy efficiency increments by reducing the number or the load of generators by using the ORC system support during operation. It is aimed to analyze the fuel-saving potential and sustainability performance of the power generation plant of a tanker ship when an ORC is integrated. The thermodynamic system simulation determined the fuel consumption of the plant within two years regarding six operation modes. The results show that the optimum working fluid is R1336mzz (Z) for the evaporation pressure of 16 bar. Organic Rankine cycle system integration provided a total fuel-saving of 15% from diesel generators and the total fuel consumption of the vessel was reduced by 5.16%. The sustainability performance of the system was ensured with a novel operation-dependent approach that enhances the exergetic sustainability assessment by considering the operation modes of the vessel and the time spent on these operations for a certain time. The load reduction in the generators resulted in better sustainability performance and the operation-dependent indicators were affected by operations having more working hours.

Mapping the potential for a combined generation of electricity and industrial process heat in the northeast of Brazil - Case study: Bahia

Industrial Process Heat represents a large part of the energy demands of industries. A parabolic trough solar plant with cogeneration can meet the thermal and electric demand of these industries, mainly at medium and low temperatures.In this work, a linear parabolic solar plant for generation of electricity (1 MWe) and industrial process heat (1 MWt) were simulated at a small industry situated in the State of Bahia. The levelized costs of heat (LCOH) for an evacuated tube solar plant resulted, for extensive regions west and north (Carinhanha (IGR 10, Guanambi), Barra (IGR 4, Feira de Santana), Bom Jesus da Lapa (IGR 10, Guanambi), Santa Rita de Cássia (IGR 8, Barreiras), Paulo Afonso (IGR 3, Paulo Afonso), Remanso (IGR 6, Juazeiro) and Correntina (IGR 8, Barreiras) of the State of Bahia, in the range of 2.85–2.97 ¢/kWh-t. When compared to the medium LCOH produced by the combustion of natural gas in the United States (2.8 ¢/kWh-t) and in European Union (between 3.5 and 5.9 ¢/kWh-t), have shown to be quite competitive. Even in the case of using non-evacuated tubes collectors, the region mentioned has a LCOH in the range of 3.93 ¢/kWh-t to 4.19 ¢US$/kWh-t and still competes with costs in Europe.The levelized costs of electricity (LCOE), considering a linear parabolic solar power plant with evacuated tube collectors and ORC cycle, resulted in minimum and maximum values of 0.225 US$/kWh-e and 0.591 US$/kWh-e for the State of Bahia. In 2019, commercial enterprises of CSP technology reached LCOE values in the range of 0.10 US$/kWh-e to 0.243 US$/kWh-e and, therefore, the LCOE for the most promising regions of Bahia (west and north) have shown to be competitive in the current market. The study also showed that is indifferent to the use of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) or Vapour Rankine Cycle (VRC) for the generation of solar energy in the promising regions identified in the State of Bahia. The explanation is that, although the ORC is more efficient than the VRC for operational temperatures of this power plant, its cost is still very high, both for still being under development and for its small scale of production. As consequence, the recommendation of this study is the use of VRC turbines, which are already manufactured in the country and are routinely used to convert biomass to electricity.

Simulative comparison of concepts for simultaneous control of heat flow and outlet temperature of heat exchangers for highly flexible use in the test facility “District LAB”

An important measure for decarbonising the heating sector is the transformation of existing district heating (DH) systems into low-emission heating grids based on renewable heat sources. The test facility for DH applications “District LAB (D-LAB)” is currently being set up in order to support the transition by enabling the experimental investigation of various transformation measures. It consists mainly of a Flexible Heating Grid (FHG), which connects several decentralised Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) and is fed by a central generation plant. The HIL units in the FHG should be able to map almost any heat producer or consumer, so that a wide range of investigation scenarios is possible. In order to fulfil this requirement, the Heat Exchanger (HEx) that connects the HIL units with the FHG must extract or feed a defined heat flow from the grid and at the same time ensure a defined secondary-side outlet temperature. In a literature research conducted to the best of our knowledge, it turned out that in all technical applications only one outlet temperature is controlled. Therefore a suitable control concept had to be developed. This has been done by extensive simulative investigations, which are presented in this paper. Two control concepts, (I) “decoupled PID controller”, (II) “Characteristic Field (CF)-Based Control”, were self-developed and compared with each other. In order to represent a large spectrum of possible operating conditions with regard to the transformation of DH systems, 48 investigation scenarios based on target value steps were defined and used for the comparison. Subsequently, the average performance using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as well as the time dependant step responses were examined. It turned out that, the CF-based concept appears to be more suitable for use in the D-LAB. It is conceivable that these results can also be transferred to other test facilities in which both, the heat flow and one outlet temperature need to be controlled.

Holistic Life Cycle Assessment of a biogas-based electricity generation plant in a pig farm considering co-digestion and an additive

This study aims to perform an LCA of the co-digestion of pig manure with two co-substrates (corn silage and elephant grass) and an additive (biochar) to produce biogas for electricity generation. Four scenarios were defined: considering only the digestion of pig manure (Base scenario); co-digestion of pig manure with elephant grass-silage (scenario II); co-digestion of pig manure with corn silage (scenario III), and digestion of pig manure with biochar as an additive (scenario IV). The biogas produced was used for electricity generation in a cogeneration system. The thermal energy obtained from the cogeneration system was used to heat the substrate, maintain a mesophilic digestion temperature (38 °C), and heat the pig stalls. Digestate was considered an organic fertilizer in this analysis. Scenario III presented the worst results for most of the impact categories considered in the LCA, with only a positive impact on ozone depletion (ODP). Scenario II presented a lower impact than Scenario III. Using co-substrates and additives in the digestion of pig manure has allowed a considerable increase in electricity production. However, the environmental impacts of using co-substrates are significant in most impact categories, mainly due to the use of fossil fuels in the chain of silage production.

Machine Learning-Based Approach for Hydrogen Economic Evaluation of Small Modular Reactors

In this study, we evaluate hydrogen production costs using small modular reactors (SMRs). Furthermore, we employ a machine learning-based approach to predict important parameters that affect the hydrogen production cost. Additionally, we use a hydrogen economic evaluation program to calculate the hydrogen production cost when using the two types of SMRs: system-integrated modular advanced reactor (SMART) developed by the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) and NuScale power module™ (NPM) developed by the NuScale Power, LLC. Different storage and transportation means were selected to find the cheapest option. Using SMART, storing hydrogen in compressed gas and transporting it through pipes (CG-Pipe) is the best option, with an estimated cost of USD 2.77/kg. Other options when using SMART include storing in compressed gas and transporting with a vehicle (CG-Vehicle), with an estimated cost of USD 3.27/kg; storing by liquefaction and transporting with a vehicle (L-Vehicle), with an estimated cost of USD 3.31/kg; and storing in metal hydrides and transporting with a vehicle (MH-Vehicle), with an estimated cost of USD 6.97/kg. Using NPM, CG-Pipe is the cheapest option to generate hydrogen, with an estimated cost of USD 2.95/kg. Other options include CG-Vehicle (USD 3.35/kg), L-Vehicle (USD 3.42/kg), and MH-Vehicle (USD 7.04/kg). Hydrogen production using SMART is cheaper than using NPM. However, the observed difference between the hydrogen production costs using the two reactors was insignificant. We conclude that the optimal hydrogen production cost ranges from USD 3.27/kg (CG-Vehicle) to USD 3.42 (L-Vehicle). This conclusion is because the common hydrogen transportation means is with a vehicle. From a machine learning-based approach, we determine the important parameters that affect hydrogen production costs. The most important parameter is the heat consumption (MWth/unit) at hydrogen generation plants, and other parameters include electricity rating and heat for hydrogen generation plants.

The Importance of Power Generation Plants with Blackstart on Power System Restoration after Blackout

Güç sistemleri, elektrik enerjisinin kesintisiz bir şekilde tüketiciye ulaştırılmasını sağlayan ve birbiriyle koordineli çalıştırılan ekipmanların toplamı şeklinde ifade edilen kompleks yapılardır. Ancak bazı durumlarda güç sisteminde tam ya da kısmi olarak sistem çökmesi meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu sistem çökmesi bazen hemen giderilebilirken bazen de giderilmesi uzun sürmektedir. Uzun süren kesintiler sonrasında toplumsal yaşam, gündelik faaliyetler ve üretim faaliyetleri sekteye uğramakta; bu durum maddi olarak büyük bir kayba yol açmaktadır. Güç sisteminin tamamında meydana gelen bir sistem çökmesi sonrasında özenilerek hazırlanmış olan güç sistem restorasyonu planları hemen uygulanmaya başlanmalıdır. Güç sisteminin restorasyonunda kritik bir rol oynayan yeniden toparlanma özellikli güç üretim ünitelerinin konumu ve kapasitesi, sistem çökmesi sonrasında uygulanacak olan restorasyon stratejisine karar vermede büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Yapılan bu çalışmada güç sisteminin tam çökmesi sonrasında yeniden toparlanma özellikli güç üretim santrallerinin sistem restorasyonunda önemini anlamak için gerçek veriler kullanılarak simülasyon çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada sistem çökmesi ve sistem restorasyonunun uygulama safhalarında güç üretim birimlerinin davranışları incelenmiştir. Güç sistem restorasyon planları hazırlanırken dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar ile ilgili bilgi verilmiştir.

Novel control system applied in the modernization of public lighting systems in heritage cities: Case study of the City of Cuenca

Several heritage cities face the need to modernize public lighting systems that are installed on the facades of buildings. The legal obstacles to intervene in heritage infrastructures create a different scenario than other cities. This circumstance raises the question if it is possible to install a modern, innovative lighting system, isolated from the electrical distribution system. This research analyzes the feasibility of modernizing the system using 304 mini photovoltaic generation plants, implementing a novel lighting system control process that indirectly uses sky brightness measurements based on current research at the Catholic University of Cuenca. As a case study, the Historic Center of the City of Cuenca-Ecuador, a World Heritage Site, whose system is made up of 1,252 luminaires, is analyzed. The results conclude that it is feasible to modernize the lighting service with the adoption of the proposed technologies and for control, a novel system based on indirect measurement of sky clarity has been developed. Finally, the political implications are analyzed in the framework of energy efficiency and modernization of the systems, as well as the recommendation to the political decision-makers. The study can be replicated in other cities of the world with similar characteristics.

High volume fly ash concrete activated with naoh, sodium sulfate and limestone.

High amounts of fly ash generated as a by-product of coal combustion in thermal power generation plants have been a concern for years due to their negative environmental impact; in Colombia, for example, this fly ash represents 6,000,000 tons per year. The use of this material in industrial processes is among the many solutions proposed, provided that it has pozzolanic properties useful in cement and concrete industries. The aim of this study is evaluating concrete resistance to compression at different ages, replacing cement by fly ash of 40%, using alkaline activation with NaOH, Sodium Sulfate, and limestone in different proportions. The results show that activation improves fly ash performance and it is possible to achieve better mechanical properties than with mixtures without activation.

Integrated design of photovoltaic power generation plant with pumped hydro storage system and irrigation facility at the Uhuelem-Amoncha African community

— Seasonal and location dependence of renewable energy resources have limited their applications in power generation. Energy storage systems are promising solutions to the intermittence of renewable energy resources. Rural electricity grids are faced with economic sustainability challenges due to low power demand and poverty. A rural grid design around economic drivers like agriculture and micro industries can mitigate poverty and improve economic sustainability of rural grids. This paper presents an integrated design for photovoltaic power generation with a pumped hydro storage system for irrigation and community utilization. The design explored the natural availability of water body in an elevated settlement area that offers a natural storage height for hydro energy storage. A photovoltaic generation plant was designed to power a pump as a turbine system for water storage and generation. HOMER® energy simulation software was deployed in the simulation. The result shows a satisfactory net present cost for the possible integration of a pumped hydro storage system in a photovoltaic generation plant as the most viable option to provide power at a power supply probability of 99.9% and water for irrigation. The benefits from the irrigation and water supply will enhance the community's socio-economic development and sustain the investment.

Activated sugarcane bagasse ash as efficient admixture in cement-based mortars: Mechanical and durability improvements

Biomass ashes can be used in cementitious materials as cement or sand substitution. Nevertheless, ashes resulted from the combustion of biomass in generation plants present drawbacks that can reduce their potential use if they are not previously treated. In this research, industrial sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) was mechanically activated by grinding and its effects evaluated when used as mineral admixture in cementitious materials. Four different substitution rates (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) where used to investigate the influence of the amount of ashes replaced on the durability and mechanical performance of mortars and identify the optimal substitution rate. To get a thorough comprehension, results were also compared to mortars containing untreated ashes. The combination of a performance-based testing campaign (compressive and flexural strength, open porosity, apparent density, water capillary absorption, surface electrical resistivity, rapid chloride migration coefficient) and a set of analytical techniques (XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TGA-DTA) enabled to characterise the mechanical and durability properties of mortars and identify the mechanisms behind the results. The research concluded that, at 28 days, the incorporation of ground SCBA enhances the compressive strength of mortars up to 62%, decreases the porosity of samples by 35%, highly improves the resistance to the diffusion of chlorides by 10 times and improve the interfacial transition zone by narrowing and closing the gap between aggregates and pastes.

Parametric development and multi-aspect assessment of a novel solar energy driven plant for synchronic generation of green hydrogen and electricity

Hydrogen as a fuel has drawn the attention of policymakers and scientists in recent years. Also, the exploitation of solar energy based-technologies cannot be ignored due to solar energy abundance and free nature and due to the problems caused by fossil fuel consumption. On the other hand, the integration of solar energy systems with other common technologies can improve the overall performance and reliability of the power plant. The main aim of this paper is to conceptually design a 0.5 MWel power plant based on solar farms consisting of photovoltaic (PV) panels and parabolic trough collectors (PTC) to generate power and green hydrogen. The proposed power plant uses an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system to generate electricity. An alkaline electrolyzer is installed to produce green hydrogen and oxygen gas. The thermal energy required in this cycle is obtained by a solar farm based on concentrating collectors. On the other hand, since solar energy is intermittently in nature, an electrical energy storage system (PH-CA) has been installed in the power plant. The performance of the power plant has been compared with the assumption of implementation in two different climatic conditions in Asia (Kashi and Langfang). Furthermore, three different scenarios based on different capacities of solar PV and ORC sections have been suggested. The proposed energy system and its configuration have a new design that has not been reported in the literature. It was found that the proposed power plant in Kashi can be better than Langfang. Because the power plant in Kashi needs fewer solar arrays and collectors compared to Langfang. In addition, the exergy destruction of the power plant in Kashi is less than Langfang. Also, the lowest exergy destruction of power plants and required organic fluid in both cities is related to the third scenario. Results indicate the size of the storage system should be approximately 2245 m3. Furthermore, the storage efficiency of the power plant was 62.16 %. Finally, nearly 1.4 kg/h of green hydrogen and 2.7 kg/h of oxygen gas can be obtained from the proposed plant at the selected location.

Improved ANN-Based Approach Using Relative Impact for the Prediction of Thermal Coal Elemental Composition Using Proximate Analysis.

The basic properties of coal influence various procedures of power generation, such as the design of power generation plants, estimation of the current condition of boilers, and total efficiency of power plants. The elemental composition is a needed factor in evaluating the process of chemical conversion and predicting the flow of flue gas and the quality of air in coal combustion. In the past, several relationships have been established using ultimate and proximate analyses. This study aims to predict the elemental compositions of 104 thermal coals used for coal-fired power plants in South Korea using an artificial neural network (ANN) that uses proximate analysis values as input parameters. The ANN-based model was optimized with six activation functions and four hidden layers after evaluating various performance indices, including R2, mean square error (MSE), and epoch, then additional calculations were derived to compare performances from previous research using the mean absolute error (MAE), average absolute error, and average bias error. It was found that the best topology was established using the Levenberg–Marquardt activation function and 10 hidden layers, resulting in the highest R2 value and smallest MSE of all topologies tested. As a result, the relative impact on calculation accuracy was derived from ANN hidden layers to analyze prediction accuracies of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen compositions. Accuracy was improved over previous results by 4.71–0.91% via coal rank division topology optimization. Based on the MAE, the current results are even close in performance to those of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems. They also outperformed previous research models by 5.40 and 7.39% in terms of MAE accuracy. Applicability of the ANN was also analyzed with limitations of the chemical composition of ANNs and present reinforcement measures in the future studies through qualitative analysis comparisons based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Consequently, the relative effect was derived from the ANN hidden layer weight for specific calculation of the relationship between elemental composition and proximate analysis properties. As a result, it was possible to qualitatively analyze how the proximate analysis value affects the composition of elements and calculate the ratio accordingly. The findings of this study provide an improved and efficient approach to predicting the elemental composition of thermal coal, based on data from South Korean power plants. Also, further research can follow schematics from this study with the applicability and accessibility of the ANN.

Optimising VRE capacity in Renewable Energy Zones

Australia experienced significant growth in variable renewable energy (VRE) investment commitments during 2016–2021. A subset of projects experienced material entry frictions which stemmed from inadequate network hosting capacity. In this article we examine the development of Renewable Energy Zones (REZ) as a means by which to help guide forward market commitments and produce greater coordination between generation and transmission plant investments. Using an optimisation model comprising 1500 MW of transmission network infrastructure, we explore various definitions of a ‘fully subscribed REZ’ given portfolio benefits associated with complementary wind and solar resources in Southern Queensland. When minimising cost forms the objective function, full subscription is achieved by developing 2050 MW of VRE, comprising 1700 MW of wind and 350 MW of solar. When maximising output forms the objective function, ~3400 MW of wind and solar is developed in roughly equal proportions, accepting some curtailment is an economic result. And if maximising net cashflows forms the objective, VRE development is complicated by the dynamic nature of spot prices. Specifically, in the early stages of a REZ solar is preferred but as its market share rises and value of output falls, wind investments dominate holding technology costs constant.

Design, modeling and multi-objective techno-economic optimization of an integrated supercritical Brayton cycle with solar power tower for efficient hydrogen production

Solar-driven hydrogen production systems are environmentally benign alternatives to gain more benefits of green hydrogen. In this work, a novel power generation plant based on supercritical Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC) driven by solar heliostat field is designed and optimized to be integrated with an electrolyzer for green hydrogen production. To improve the CBC performance, its waste heat is recovered by an organic Rankine cycle (for additional power generation) and an absorption chiller for compressor inlet cooling. Thermoeconomic models are developed to evaluate the proposed hydrogen production plants and to compare the proposed combined cycle performance with that of standalone CBC-based system, in terms of hydrogen production rate, solar-to-hydrogen exergy efficiency and levelized cost of produced hydrogen. Then, a bi-objective optimization is conducted to attain minimum hydrogen cost and maximum exergy efficiency. The results revealed superior performance of the combined cycle over the CBC-based system. Under the optimum operating condition, the combined cycle yields around 15.8% higher hydrogen production rate and solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, and approximately 4.2% lower hydrogen cost. This implies that, the additional expenditures imposed by adding the bottoming cycles are totally compensated by extra hydrogen production, which in this case it costs 7.01$/kgH2. A comparison with a solar tower-based previous system proved superiority of the present plant by around 5% based on solar-to-hydrogen exergy efficiency.

Digital Twin Formation Method for Distributed Generation Plants of Cyber–Physical Power Supply Systems

The purpose of the study presented in the article was to develop a method for the formation of digital twins for distributed generation plants operating as part of cyber–physical power supply systems. A method of forming a digital twin for a system for automatic regulation of the voltage and rotor speed of a synchronous generator is considered. The structure of a digital twin is presented in the form of a multiply connected model using experimental data. The possibility of using a fuzzy inference system, artificial neural networks, and a genetic algorithm for solving the problem is shown. As a result of the research, neuro-fuzzy models of the elements of the distributed generation plant were obtained, which are an integral part of the digital twin. Based on the simulation results, the following conclusions were drawn: the proposed method for constructing an optimized fuzzy model gives acceptable results when compared with experimental data and shows practical applicability in constructing a digital twin. In the future, in order to simplify the model, it is necessary to solve the problem of optimizing the number of rules in the fuzzy inference system. It is also advisable to direct further research to the formation of a complete hierarchical fuzzy system that connects all elements of the digital twin.

TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GRID-CONNECTED ROOFTOP AND LAND TYPES OF UNLICENSED PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS FOR DIFFERENT CITIES IN TURKEY

Türkiye’de yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından elektrik enerjisi üretimi için lisanssız kapsamda yapılan kurulumlar artarak devam etmektedir. Özellikle elektrik fiyatlarına gelen yüksek oranlı zamlar, tüketicilerin yatırımlarını yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına doğru yönlendirmesini sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, 1215 kWp / 1000 kWe güçlerinde hem arazi hem de çatı kurulumu olarak tasarlanan şebekeye bağlı lisanssız güneş enerjisinden elektrik üretim santrallerinin Türkiye’nin farklı iklim koşullarına sahip 7 şehri için (Ağrı, Antalya, Balıkesir, İstanbul, İzmir, Konya ve Samsun), tekno-ekonomik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizlerin teknik kısmı PVsyst simülasyon programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca tüm şehirler için seviyelendirilmiş enerji maliyeti, net bugünkü değer, iç kârlılık oranı, proje ve öz kaynak geri dönüşleri hesaplanmıştır. Ekonomik analizde, %100 mahsuplaşma, %50 mahsuplaşma-%50 elektrik satış ve %100 elektrik satış opsiyonları kullanılmıştır. Yıllık enerji üretiminde en yüksek değer 1988 MWh/yıl ile Antalya da arazi kurulumunda, en düşük değer ise 1234 MWh/yıl ile Samsun’da çatı kurulumunda elde edilmiştir. Sistem performans oranında en yüksek değer %80,07 ile Ağrı’da çatı kurulumunda, en düşük değer ise %75,92 ile Antalya’da arazi kurulumunda elde edilmiştir. Tüm senaryolar ele alındığında, net bugünkü değer ve iç kârlılık oranı en yüksek Antalya olmuştur.

SIMULATION OF THE EFFECTS OF POSSIBLE REGULATIONS FOR THE LOCATION OF WIND AND PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS IN THE LAZIO REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION (ITALY)

Abstract. The need to make electricity production increasingly sustainable requires careful planning of production plants, mainly for wind and photovoltaic energy conversion. Planning areas correctly, while respecting existing environmental constraints, is not an easy task and requires the collaboration of a panel of experts with different skills. The need to search for new sites to be allocated to renewable energy generation plants is demanded by the most pressing current events: it’s just in such a context that the Italian national legislation is undergoing a revision, which has entrusted the regional administrations with the task of identifying the territorial criteria. By simulations in GIS environments, it’s possible to study the effect of defining certain criteria on the territory, in order to assess in advance which and how many areas could have greater or lesser suitability. Based on this consideration, we proceeded to experiment with the effects of the most common constraints by developing a real simulation on the territory of the Lazio Region. The experimentation used the well-known open environment QGIS 3.22, which made it possible to exploit the possibilities offered by the open territorial databases of the Lazio Region. The first results show that the remaining areas after eliminating all those that are certainly unsuitable are a limited part of the Region itself. The analysis was extended to individual municipalities by comparing average yields per conceivable plant area, then comparing them with inhabitants for an initial estimate of energy needs at least for domestic use.

Advanced exergy and exergoeconomic analyses to evaluate the economy of LNG oxy-fuel combined cycle power plant

Oxy-fuel combustion has attracted wide attention since it is thought to be an advanced technology for CO2 capture from the power generation plant on a large scale. An oxy-fuel combustion system is proposed to raise system energy efficiency utilizing cold energy from liquefied natural gas (LNG). The quantitative research on the exergy consumption, economic feasibility, and optimization strategies of the LNG oxy-fuel combustion system is conducted by advanced exergetic and exergoeconomic analyses. The results show the oxy-fuel system has an exergy efficiency of 46.83 %. The exergy destruction of the oxy-fuel system is 445.51 MW, of which the avoidable part accounts for 81.68 %. In terms of economic feasibility, the oxy-fuel system costs approximately 4.44 × 106$/h, which is considerably higher than the value of 1.99 × 106$/h in the air system. Moreover, more than 78.21 % of the cost in the oxy-fuel system is avoidable, 36.05 % higher than that of the air system. The work discovers that in the combustor of the oxy-fuel system, the improvement of the flue gas treatment unit (FGU) has a significant impact on promoting its net efficiency, and increasing its investment cost rate is not an economic limitation to save the system economy. The study is crucial for the application of oxy-fuel combustion electricity generation technologies.