Generation Wireless Communication Networks Research Articles

Image Transmission through OFDM System under the Influence of AWGN Channel

OFDM system is one among the modern techniques which is most abundantly used in next generation wireless communication networks for transmitting many forms of digital data in efficient manner than compared with other existing traditional techniques. In this paper, one such kind of a digital data corresponding to a two dimensional (2D) gray-scale image is used to evaluate the functionality and overall performance of an OFDM system under the influence of modeled AWGN channel in MATLAB simulation environment. Within the OFDM system, different configurations of notable modulation techniques such as M-PSK and M-QAM are considered for evaluation of the system and necessary valid conclusions are made from the comparison of several observed MATLAB simulation results.

Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm based phase correction in optical wireless communication

Optical wireless communication (OWC) enables to establish the backhaul in the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication networks. The air turbulence, however, could distort the phases of optical signals, thus limit transmission capacity. In this paper, we study the correction of phase distortions by using the Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm. The air turbulence-induced phase is generated by the Monte-Carlo phase screen method, which characterizes the realistic air turbulence effect on the optical signals. The numerical results reveal that the GS algorithm is able to retrieve the phase information with fast convergence by adopting a proper initial condition. Also, the GS algorithm based phase correction in OWC is confirmed.

A Review on Cognitive Radio for Next Generation Cellular Network and its Challenges

Cognitive Radio (CR) is considered an intelligent technology. It improves the utilization of the radio spectrum. The increasing number of new devices has resulted in growing congestion of the ISM bands. FCC issued an order only permitting unlicensed users (secondary users) to operate in white space without interfering with licensed users (primary users). Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) provides a solution to the problem of additional spectrum requirements by utilizing the spectrum more efficiently. CR is able to sense the spectrum and share the spectrum with unlicensed users. There are number of popular spectrum sensing techniques in CR such as cyclostationary feature detection, energy detection and matched filter detection, which capture the best available spectrum. They use a spectrum dynamically in wireless communication network. A CR with multicarrier technique (OFDM and FBMC) are the next generation of advanced cellular network, which would provide better spectrum utilization and therefore have greater capacity. In this study we have described and reviewed CR technology and its numerous features that may play a very essential role in the field of next generation wireless communication networks.

On Bandwidth Efficiency analysis for LS-MIMO with Hardware Impairments

Large scale multiple-input-multiple output (LS-MIMO) systems are one of the most promising candidates for $5^{th}$ generation wireless communication networks. Many researchers have claimed that LS-MIMO systems increase energy efficiency (EE) and bandwidth efficiency (BE) exponentially because of large number of antennas. Significant increase in transmission directivity also increases sum rate and data throughput but implementation of LS-MIMO is complex in terms of hardware. As the number of antenna elements increase, it becomes necessary that the manufacturing material of antenna must be very cheap and size of antenna element should be very compact. Large number of antenna elements and other hardware components induce different impairments in the system due to amplifier distortion, quantization noise, and phase noise. Since these impairments come as a gift with large scale antenna regime and they effect EE and BE of the system, it is necessary to investigate them for practical scenarios. In this paper, we consider a LS-MIMO single cell scenario with the inclusion of hardware impairments. We derive new expressions for MMSE estimator and achievable rates including effects of hardware impairments. We analyze hardware impairments on the basis of derived expressions. We perform simulations using derived sophisticated impairments model with realistic measurements.

High-Speed for Data Transmission in GSM Networks Based on Cognitive Radio

This paper mainly studies data transmission DT rate in the modern communication systems. Increasing the need to improve the sensitivity of the control systems to detect low signals weak capacity density in view of the increasing communications systems new radio that use the capacity is decreasing and the scope of the taking of spaciousness and frequencies are on the rise. This proposed approaches Methodology: Of the combined macro cellular and micro cellular networks on the principles of the cognitive radio, Provide in parallel with the work of the main GSM network to transfer data at a rate of several tens of megabits per second depending on the High-speed for Data transmission in GSM networks based on Cognitive Radio (CR) technology and its various aspects that may play a very important role in the field of next generation wireless communication networks.

A Fast Convergence Multiuser Detection Scheme for Uplink SCMA Systems

Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a competitive non-orthogonal multiple access technique for fifth generation wireless communication networks which can accommodate massive connectivity. Among the existing multiuser detection schemes for uplink (UP) SCMA systems, the asynchronous message passing algorithm (ASYN-MPA) scheme, where messages are updated sequentially, generally converges faster than the synchronous variant, where all messages are updated in parallel manner. Nevertheless, the specific pre-defined order of the ASYN-MPA scheme is not always the best option. In this letter, we tackle the problem of how to schedule message for the ASYN-MPA scheme that results in the best convergence rate. Specifically, a novel residual-aided message propagation approach for scheduling messages in the ASYN-MPA scheme, termed residual-aided MPA, is proposed for UP SCMA systems, which exploits the dynamic selection of the message which has the largest residual. Simulations show that the proposed scheme with two iterations provides very similar bit error rate performance to the existing multiuser detection schemes with six iterations (only less than 0.05 dB degradation), whose complexity is reduced substantially.

Broadband and 28/38-GHz Dual-Band Printed Monopole/Elliptical Slot Ring Antennas for the Future 5G Cellular Communications

The mobile industry has seen significant growth; it evolved from analog to digital second generation (2G) Global System for Mobile (GSM), then to high-data rate cellular wireless communication such as third generation (3G) Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), and further to packet optimized 3.5G High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and fourth generation (4G) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE advanced systems [1]. The 4G wireless communication systems have been deployed in many countries. However, with the widespread use of wireless devices and mobile services, there are still some challenges that cannot be absorbed until the 4G, such as the spectrum crisis and high-energy consumption [2]. The race to search for innovative solutions to enable the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication networks era has begun. Once developed, the 5G network will permit gigabitper-second transmission on compatible mobile devices. 5G is expected to meet the requirements to enable higher capacity, higher rate, more connectivity, higher reliability, lower latency, greater versatility, and application domain-specific topologies. New concepts and design approaches are in dire need. Future 5G will most likely use millimeter-wave frequencies. Beamforming could be one of the solutions for the future 5G cellular communications. Theoretical feasibility and prototype results for millimeter-wave (mmWave) beamforming as an enabling technology for 5G cellular communications have been discussed in [3]. Achieving higher data rates with mmWave beamforming for next generation communications is proposed in [4]. Author has contributed in designing several slot/monopole antenna designs for ultrawideband (UWB) applications [5–15]. Different monopole antenna shapes with ultra-wide bandwidth have been proposed in [5–7]. An elliptical slot antenna with elliptical shaped microstrip-line fed radiator for UWB operation has been introduced in [5]. Another monopole antenna with a trapezoidal shaped patch with two elliptical shaped cuts from its edge forming a J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves (2016) 37:308–317 DOI 10.1007/s10762-016-0252-2

A Survey on Optimized QOS Provisioning forNGMN

In this review paper, basic mechanisms of providing QOS and its implementation over the long-term evolution (LTE) mobile network are introduced. Explosive growth in wireless subscribers, increasing deployment of multiplay applications for mobile platforms and demand for superior user experience are driving the need for quality of service (QoS) in mobile broadband networks. Long term evolution (LTE) is the next generation wireless communication network which is an all-IP based system. Nowadays, more and more kinds of services are being transmitted on wireless communication network with different requirements. So, to satisfy the quality of service (QoS) of multi-service requirements is one of the key challenges that need to be dealt in the LTE system.

Study on a resource allocation scheme in multi-hop MIMO-OFDM systems over lognormal-rayleigh compound channels

For new generation wireless communication networks,this paper studies the optimization of the capacity and end-to-end throughput of the MIMO-OFDM based multi-hop relay systems. A water-filling power allocation method is proposed to improve the channel capacity and the throughput of the MIMO-OFDM system based multi-hop relay system in the Lognormal-Rayleigh shadowing compound channels. Simulations on the capacity and throughput show that the water-filling algorithm can improve the system throughput effectively in the MIMO-OFDM multi-hop relay system.

Reliability evaluation of 5G C/U-plane decoupled architecture for high-speed railway

To facilitate the mobility of heterogeneous networks, control plane (C-plane) and user plane (U-plane) decoupled architecture is being considered by the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication network, in which relatively crucial C-plane is expanded and kept at dependable lower frequency bands to guarantee transmission reliability and the corresponding U-plane is moved to available higher frequency bands to boost capacity. Moreover, we apply this architecture to future professional high-speed railway wireless communication system to fulfill the wireless access desire of train passengers. However, for such emerging architecture, there still exist many problems to be solved to guarantee the reliable transmission. In this article, the problem of how to appropriately evaluate the transmission reliability of C/U-plane decoupled architecture is investigated. Due to the lack of ability to reflect the importance of C-plane, conventional outage probability cannot properly indicate the transmission reliability of C/U-plane decoupled architecture whose primary design consideration is that C-plane more heavily affects the transmission reliability thereby being kept at dependable lower frequency bands. Based on this, a novel indicator named unreliability factor (URF) is proposed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that URF can exactly highlight the effects of C-plane on the entire transmission process. Hence, it is more appropriate to employ URF as the indicator to evaluate the transmission reliability of C/U-plane decoupled architecture.

Indoor Massive MIMO Channel Modelling Using Ray-Launching Simulation

Massive multi-input multioutput (MIMO) is a promising technique for the next generation of wireless communication networks. In this paper, we focus on using the ray-launching based channel simulation to model massive MIMO channels. We propose one deterministic model and one statistical model for indoor massive MIMO channels, both based on ray-launching simulation. We further propose a simplified version for each model to improve computational efficiency. We simulate the models in indoor wireless network deployment environments and compare the simulation results with measurements. Analysis and comparison show that these ray-launching based simulation models are efficient and accurate for massive MIMO channel modelling, especially with application to indoor network planning and optimisation.

Massive MIMO Channel Models: A Survey

The exponential traffic growth of wireless communication networks gives rise to both the insufficient network capacity and excessive carbon emissions. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) can improve the spectrum efficiency (SE) together with the energy efficiency (EE) and has been regarded as a promising technique for the next generation wireless communication networks. Channel model reflects the propagation characteristics of signals in radio environments and is very essential for evaluating the performances of wireless communication systems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the state of the art in channel models of massive MIMO. First, the antenna array configurations are presented and classified, which directly affect the channel models and system performance. Then, measurement results are given in order to reflect the main properties of massive MIMO channels. Based on these properties, the channel models of massive MIMO are studied with different antenna array configurations, which can be used for both theoretical analysis and practical evaluation.

Energy efficient power allocation strategy for downlink MU-MIMO with massive antennas

With the increasing energy consumption, energy efficiency (EE) has been considered as an important metric for wireless communication networks as spectrum efficiency (SE). In this paper, EE optimization problem for downlink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system with massive antennas is investigated. According to the convex optimization theory, there exists a unique globally optimal power allocation achieving the optimal EE, and the closed-form of the optimal EE only related to channel state information is derived analytically. Then both the approximate and accurate power allocation algorithms with different complexity are proposed to achieve the optimal EE. Simulation results show that the optimal EE obtained by the approximate algorithm coincides to that achieved by the accurate algorithm within the controllable error limitation, and these proposed algorithms perform better than the existing equal power allocation algorithm. The optimal EE and corresponding SE increase with the number of antennas at base station, which is promising for the next generation wireless communication networks.

Performance Analysis of a Two-Hop MIMO Mobile-to-Mobile via Stratospheric-Relay Link Employing Hierarchical Modulation

Next generation wireless communication networks intend to take advantage of the integration of terrestrial and aerospace infrastructures. Besides, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architecture is the key technology, which has brought the wireless gigabit vision closer to reality. In this direction, high-altitude platforms (HAPs) could act as relay stations in the stratosphere transferring information from an uplink to a downlink MIMO channel. This paper investigates the performance of a novel transmission scheme for the delivery of mobile-to-mobile (M-to-M) services via a stratospheric relay. It is assumed that the source, relay, and destination nodes are equipped with multiple antennas and that amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying is adopted. The performance is analyzed through rigorous simulations in terms of the bit-error rate (BER) by using a recently proposed 3D geometry-based reference model in spatially correlated flat-fading MIMO channels, employing a hierarchical broadcast technique and minimum mean square error (MMSE) receivers.

A Secure Relay-Assisted Handover Protocol for Proxy Mobile IPv6 in 3GPP LTE Systems

The LTE (Long Term Evolution) technologies defined by 3GPP is the last step toward the 4th generation (4G) of radio technologies designed to increase the capacity and speed of mobile telephone networks. Mobility management for supporting seamless handover is the key issue for the next generation wireless communication networks. The evolved packet core (EPC) standard adopts the proxy mobile IPv6 protocol (PMIPv6) to provide the mobility mechanisms. However, the PMIPv6 still suffers the high handoff delay and the large packet lost. Our protocol provides a new secure handover protocol to reduce handoff delay and packet lost with the assistance of relay nodes over LTE networks. In this paper, we consider the security issue when selecting relay nodes during the handoff procedure. During the relay node discovery, we extend the access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) in 3GPP specifications to help mobile station or UE to obtain the information of relay nodes. With the aid of the relay nodes, the mobile station or UE performs the pre-handover procedure, including the security operation and the proxy binding update to significantly reduce the handover latency and packet loss. The simulation results illustrate that our proposed protocol actually achieves the performance improvements in the handoff delay time and the packet loss rate.

Digital forensics of WLM 8.1 via check point methodology within corporate intranet in future communication security

AbstractWindows Live Messenger (WLM) is one of the most prevalent ubiquitous Instant Messaging (IM) application programs being used by voluminous people worldwide to establish their cyber social lives. It dramatically changes the way of communication for human beings in the past decade in all aspects. However, WLM is like a sharp double‐edge sword, especially the exploited vulnerabilities concerning information security. Consequently, there is an urgent necessity for Digital Forensics (DF) to be strongly enforced within the organizations in order to specifically identify the real causes of the information breaches when utilize WLM. Few researches have formally incorporated the DF of WLM into generic guidelines for the associate personnel to follow. In this paper, we provide the system architecture of the experiment accompanied with our proposed Check Point (CP) methodology trying to disclose the possible digital evidences that could be explicitly collected and scientifically presented as probative evidences with respect to the persistently mushrooming information security incidents in the next generation wireless communication networks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Impact of MIMO Techniques on the Interoperability between UMTS-HSDPA and WLAN Wireless Systems

Next generation wireless communication networks integrate in a seamless manner existing technologies such as 3G wireless networks and WLANs in order to create a heterogeneous system with improved capacity and complementary coverage. Besides, they support more mobile users and a variety of services with variable bandwidth and QoS anytime anywhere. In this paper, we first present a survey of the most recent methods that achieve interoperability between 3G and WLAN systems. Motivated by the above presented methods, we propose a mechanism that achieves interoperability between an HSDPA cellular system and a WLAN radio access network. The mechanism is based on the definition and calculation of a cost function which uses suitable metrics to trigger interoperability. The performance of the interoperability mechanism is evaluated by means of system level simulations, assuming that both HSDPA and WLAN are enhanced with MIMO space-time coded techniques. Extensive simulations have shown that the incorporation of MIMO schemes greatly affects the inter-system handovers while significant performance enhancements can be achieved at the system level.

An open service architecture for adaptive personal mobile communication

Currently, 3GPP is reinventing the telecom model of services in wireless Internet-a model that is not well suited to meet the demands of new modes of personal mobile communication, enabled by wireless packet services and multimedia devices, or the ability to deal with increasingly heterogeneous wireless infrastructure (one interpretation of 4G). This article characterizes the properties of service architectures in relation to the steps taken in successive generations of wireless communication networks for personal communication. The article then continues to present a novel service architecture for open communication in wireless Internet, describing its necessary properties and evaluating its merits. Finally, we present our experiences from building application prototypes based on our service architecture, in an urban wireless testbed consisting of WLAN extensions to a gigabit Ethernet network.

On the voice‐data integration in third generation wireless access communication networks

AbstractMobile wireless communications, which includes cellular telephones, land mobile radio, and personal communication systems, have experienced enormous growth over the last decade. Data services represent a critical component of future wireless communications, but have received little attention. While some attention has been given to specialized mobile data networks, less has been directed at the ongoing design of data services in evolving digital cellular networks. In this paper we report on the results of a simulation study which explores voice‐data integration performance in third generation wireless communication networks. These networks are designed to provide access to broadband ISDN networks for large numbers of mobile voice and data users. The primary goal of the paper is the development of multiple access transmission protocols that will enable the voice and data terminals to efficiently share the terminal to base station wireless channel. Reservation Random Access (RRA) protocols are used for voice traffic, and multiple random access contention protocols are used for data traffic. The RRA protocols used enable the data terminals to precisely determine the end of voice packet contention periods, therefore providing a natural separation between voice and data contention. Such voice data integration mechanisms allow the voice contending terminals to resolve their contention without any interference from the data terminals. Data contention resolution does not degrade the voice performance, since it follows the voice contention resolution. The above approach is a promising alternative to other existing proposals due to its superior data packet throughput‐delay performance under steady state, and voice performance under transient conditions. Our results show that dispersed voice and data terminals can efficiently share a wireless channel.