Generation Of Scientists Research Articles

Yanwei Lum.

"The biggest challenge facing my generation of scientists is trying to make sense of the large amount of data and information available … Guaranteed to make me laugh is watching dinosaur cartoons with my son." Find out more about Yanwei Lum in his Introducing … Profile.

Professor Andreas Graner: driven by the quest to unlock crop plant genomes for conservation and utilization of germplasm for breeding.

Professor Andreas Graner stands as a towering figure in international crop plant genomics research, leaving an indelible imprint on the field over the past four decades. As we commemorate the 80th anniversary of Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany and Professor Graner's retirement in September 2023, here we celebrate and acknowledge his profound impact on crop genome analyses and genebank genomics. His trailblazing work extends from developing the first integrated RFLP map of barley, establishing the foundation of barley genome sequencing, and advancing functional genomics of malting quality, to pioneering the use of high-throughput phenomics. As the dedicated custodian of Germany's largest ex situ genebank at IPK Gatersleben, Professor Graner has fortified the institution's collection management and crop research, thereby contributing significantly to global efforts on conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources through genomics approaches. Alongside his impressive array of scientific achievements, Professor Graner's inspiring mentorship has nurtured a new generation of scientists, including us, leaving a lasting legacy in the field. This tribute underscores his enduring influence and celebrates his unwavering dedication to the scientific community.

Pandemic Impact on Early Career Researchers in the United States

This study’s research aim is to discover how the COVID-19 pandemic impacts early career researchers’ work lives, prospects, and scholarly communication behavior. Early career researchers (ECRs), including doctoral students, post-docs, and pre-tenure faculty, are the next generation of scientists, researchers, scholars, teachers, and academic leaders, and are considered “vulnerable” when compared to their more senior colleagues. Part of an eight-country study, we present findings from long semi-structured interviews of 22 ECRs within the sciences and social sciences from a variety of regions in the United States. Transcripts were approved by the participants and responses were coded into a project-approved spreadsheet for analysis. The coding sheets were multi-faceted, containing both quantitative and qualitative data. Key findings include loss of research productivity due to lab closures and/or human subject research. The most recurring negative impact is the loss of formal and informal in-person meetings. For the majority, the pandemic has not deterred ECRs to deviate from their chosen academic career paths.

Increasing racial diversity in the North American Plant Phenotyping Network through conference participation support

AbstractA key goal of the North American Plant Phenotyping Network (NAPPN) annual conference is to cultivate a new generation of scientists from diverse backgrounds. As part of their effort to diversify the plant phenomics research community, NAPPN acquired funding to cover all attendance costs for participants from historically black colleges and universities (HBCU) for the 2022 annual meeting. Seven award recipients represented the first attendees from HBCUs in the conference's 6‐year history. In this commentary, we report on the impact of the conference awards, including lessons learned, and the future of the award.

Seismic Soundoff: Uncovering the hidden history of Ghana

Cyril D. Boateng discusses his SEG field camp, “Investigating the slave trade in southeastern Ghana using integrated geophysical techniques.” He explains the concept behind “the archaeology of slavery” and describes the various geophysical investigations used across four communities. This conversation highlights the significant value that geophysics brings to a problem. It shows how SEG field camps are an invaluable tool for building the next generation of scientists and providing humanitarian benefits.

Tribute to Ernie Gould

Tribute to Ernie Gould

Ten simple rules for designing and conducting undergraduate replication projects.

Conducting a replication study is a valuable way for undergraduate students to learn about the scientific process and gain research experience. By promoting the evaluation of existing studies to confirm their reliability, replications play a unique, though often underappreciated, role in the scientific enterprise. Involving students early in this process can help make replication mainstream among the new generation of scientists. Beyond their benefit to science, replications also provide an invaluable learning ground for students, from encouraging the development of critical thinking to emphasizing the importance of details and honing research skills. In this piece, we outline 10 simple rules for designing and conducting undergraduate replication projects, from conceptualization to implementation and dissemination. We hope that these guidelines can help educators provide students with a meaningful and constructive pedagogical experience, without compromising the scientific value of the replication project, therefore ensuring robust, valuable contributions to our understanding of the world.

Cooling and lubrication techniques in grinding: A state-of-the-art review, applications, and sustainability assessment

Grinding technology is an essential manufacturing operation, in particular, when a component with a superfinishing and an ultra-resolution is yearned. Meeting the required strict quality checklist with maintaining a high level of productivity and sustainability is a substantive issue. The recent paper outlines the lubrication and cooling technologies and mediums that are used for grinding. Furthermore, it provides a basis for a critical assessment of the different lubrication/cooling techniques in terms of machining outputs, environmental impact, hygiene effect, etc. Meanwhile, the paper put light on the sustainability of different cooling/lubrication strategies. The sustainability of machining aims to get the product with the best accuracy and surface quality, minimum energy consumption, low environmental impact, reasonable economy, and minimum effect on worker’s health. The paper revealed that despite some cooling/lubrication mediums like mineral oils and semisynthetic, afford sufficient lubrication or cooling, they have a significant negative impact on the environment and public health. On the other hand, emulsions can overcome environmental problems but the economy and the energy consumption during grinding are still a matter of concern. Biodegradable and vegetable oils are considered eco-friendly oils, but they suffer from a lack of thermal stability which affects their ability of efficiently cooling. Using the cooling medium with the lowest amount can achieve the goal of the economy but it may be reflected negatively on the machinability. Furthermore, cryogenic lubrication doesn’t provide sufficient lubrication to reduce friction and hence energy consumption. The research described in the paper is such a comprehensive compilation of knowledge regarding the machinability and machining performance under different cooling and lubrication systems that it will aid the next generation of scientists in identifying current advancements as well as potential future directions of research on ecological aspects of machining for sustainability.

Bringing research closer

Getting young people inspired by and excited about science and research is crucial for nurturing the next generation of scientists and innovators. Two flagship European initiatives are highlighting the importance of European research for the future and connecting researchers and children to share the wonders of science. The European Researchers' Night is an annual European sci-comm and promotion event that connects scientists and the general public, particularly young people and brings research to life through educational and entertaining activities. The goal is to showcase the diversity and impacts of science and inspire young people to pursue science and research careers. By demonstrating the tangible, day-to-day impacts, the event seeks to increase the general public's appreciation of research and innovation. The event took place in 25 European countries this year. The new 'Researchers at Schools' initiative implemented by European Researchers' Night projects as of the 2022-23 editions will bring top researchers to schools and provide the opportunity for teachers and pupils to engage with them on important topics. In doing so, teachers and pupils can better understand societal challenges and how research is key to overcoming these, while access to STEAM (science, technology, arts and mathematics) subjects can be improved.

“Science breathes only one air, the oxygen of facts”: On the 120th anniversary of the birth of Academician V.V. Parin

March 18, 2023, marks the 120th anniversary of the birth of Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences Vasilii Vasil’evich Parin (1903–1971), an outstanding scientist, one of the founders of space physiology and medicine, who made a great contribution to circulatory physiology, space cardiology, medical cybernetics, and in the field of practical astronautics, to medical support for the first human flights into space. His achievements as an organizer of medical science, national health care, and higher medical education are also significant. Careful preservation and development of the experience and knowledge accumulated by predecessors, implementation of innovative ideas, and transfer of scientific heritage to students and followers—this is how Academician V.V. Parin saw the connection between generations of scientists. In the history of world science, his name is rightfully present not only thanks to his pioneering research work but also through his lifelong demonstration of humanity, dedication, and devotion to spiritual and moral values.

From aroma chemistry via bioactives to toxicology—remembering the broad expertise of Michael Granvogl in food science

On March 23, 2022, the field of food science lost a pioneering and impassioned scientist through the tragic and untimely passing of Prof. Michael Granvogl. Born on December 21, 1974 in Munich, Germany Michael’s inquisitive nature led him to study food chemistry at the Technical University of Munich (TUM). After graduating in 1998, he remained at TUM to pursue a doctoral degree (conferred in 2007), then habilitation (2016), qualifying him as Associate Professor in Food Chemistry. In 2019, Michael Granvogl was appointed Full Professor at the Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Germany where he managed a young and dynamic team of enthusiastic scientists in their pursuits to push the boundaries of food chemistry research in their specialized disciplines. Indeed, Michael was a renowned international subject-matter expert on multiple facets of food chemistry, foremost on aroma-active compounds and food-borne toxicants, with a deep knowledge of their formation and degradation mechanisms, and with skilled application of effective extraction procedures and comprehensive analytical techniques to explore and elucidate their nature. Beyond his teaching and research, Michael was a staunch and dedicated member of the Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (AGFD) of the American Chemical Society (ACS), taking active and prominent roles on the executive committee to promote the field and support the next generation of scientists. As a native of the city of Munich, it might be noted that his passion for science, evidenced in lecture theaters and laboratories, was mirrored in his private life through his enthused and loyal support of his native soccer team, FC Bayern Munich. That team must now move forward with the loss of one dedicated fan, but the field of food chemistry – in particular the sub-discipline food bioactives – must overcome the void previously filled with Michael Granvogl’s stalwart presence and must cope with the absence of discoveries that will no longer materialize. There are many researchers in the field who lost a dedicated mentor, an esteemed colleague and a dear friend on that fateful day in spring 2022.

Rethinking the Ph.D. dissertation in botany: Widening the circle.

Rethinking the Ph.D. dissertation in botany: Widening the circle.

A comparison of elementary teachers' verbal supports for students in inclusive and general classroom contexts during an NGSS‐aligned science, engineering, and computer science unit

AbstractElementary teachers are tasked with the challenge of implementing Next Generation Science Standards‐aligned projects that integrate science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and computer science (STEM + CS) in a variety of classroom contexts. This study investigates how teachers verbally support students in two classrooms, one general education class and one inclusive class with a larger proportion of students with individualized educational plans, to engage in a Next Generation Science Standards‐aligned, STEM + CS unit. Teachers' verbal support for students to understand how (pragmatic) and when and why (epistemic) to use practices was examined during whole‐class discussions for a 4‐week unit in science, engineering, and computer science‐focused lessons. Bi‐weekly teacher surveys and weekly teacher interviews provided insight into the teachers' perceptions of students and project activities in each class section. Teachers reported instructional decisions to modify their enactment of the interdisciplinary curricular materials for the Inclusive Class and discussed their rationales for these modifications. Results suggest that instructional decisions that teachers made in how to verbally support students may depend upon their own knowledge of the different disciplines being integrated, their prior beliefs of students in different classroom contexts, and their in‐the‐moment perceptions of student needs. These factors may have led to different learning experiences for the students in each class section. Findings underscore the need for more research to better understand what kinds of support students and teachers need to be able to integrate engineering, science, and computer science content and practices within their elementary classrooms and provide equitable learning opportunities for all students.

Fresh takes on five health data sharing domains: Quality, privacy, equity, incentives, and sustainability.

As entities around the world invest in repositories and other infrastructure to facilitate health data sharing, scalable solutions to data sharing challenges are needed. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 experts to explore views on potential issues and policy options related to health data sharing. In this Perspective, we describe and contextualize unconventional insights shared by our interviewees relevant to issues in five domains: data quality, privacy, equity, incentives, and sustainability. These insights question a focus on granular quality metrics for gatekeeping; challenge enthusiasm for maximalist risk disclosure practices; call attention to power dynamics that potentially compromise the patient's voice; encourage faith in the sharing proclivities of new generations of scientists; and endorse accounting for personal disposition in the selection of long-term partners. We consider the merits of each insight with the broad goal of encouraging creative thinking to address data sharing challenges.

Christopher Newton

Helvetica Chimica ActaVolume 106, Issue 3 e202300007 Author ProfileFree Access Christopher Newton First published: 31 January 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.202300007AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Graphical Abstract I chose chemistry as a career because I always loved building things (born largely out of a Lego obsession as a child). The secret to being a successful scientist…I don't know about THE secret (nor what constitutes successful for that matter), but I am confident I wouldn't be where I am today without strong and effective mentorship. I only hope I can pay it forward. A key experience in my career was trying (and failing) to reproduce an old synthesis of 1,2-dinitroethylene. … Position: Assistant Professor, University of Georgia, Athens, USA E-mail: [email protected] Twitter – Homepage: www.newton-lab.org ORCID: 0000-0002-8962-5917 Education: 2009 BSc (Chemistry), Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 2014 PhD with Michael Sherburn, Australian National University 2015–2018 Postdoc with Nicolai Cramer, EPFL, Switzerland 2018–2021 DECRA Fellow, University of Adelaide, Australia Research: Cycloaddition reactions, natural product synthesis Hobbies: According to my students it would be using ChemDraw… although I would argue enjoying good food, good wine, and watching live music. I chose chemistry as a career because I always loved building things (born largely out of a Lego obsession as a child). The secret to being a successful scientist… I don't know about THE secret (nor what constitutes successful for that matter), but I am confident I wouldn't be where I am today without strong and effective mentorship. I only hope I can pay it forward. A key experience in my career was trying (and failing) to reproduce an old synthesis of 1,2-dinitroethylene. The procedure required copious amounts of lead(II) nitrate, dinitrogen tetroxide, oxygen, ethylene, an open flame, and several dry ice/acetone baths. It's in those moments you gain a deep appreciation for the importance of developing user-friendly chemistry. A research group is successful, because of teamwork, comradery, diversity, creativity, inclusivity, hard work, high morale… the list goes on. I am incredibly lucky that my group has cultivated just such a working environment, largely of their own volition. It's now up to me not to mess it up! The biggest challenge facing my generation of scientists is administrative responsibilities (I kid, but still…). With my research, I want to achieve… I think the dream for many of us in the field is to develop chemistry that is adopted by industry for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. Valuable advice from a more senior colleague at the beginning of my career was ‘create your own luck by trying everything'. It's all too easy to talk yourself out of running that next experiment. If I were not a scientist, I would likely be a (failed) author, for I initially intended to pursue creative writing at university. I celebrate success by socializing (drinking) with friends. I process failure by socializing (drinking) with friends. One of my achievements was to receive the inaugural Mander award from the Royal Australian Chemical Institute. I was lucky enough to interact with the late Lew Mander on several occasions during my time as a PhD student (including boring him to sleep during a research seminar – a valuable lesson in audience engagement). Guaranteed to make me laugh is my research group (not always intentionally). In a spare hour I am often trawling through music blogs/websites/podcasts in search of new artists. My favorite way to spend a holiday is returning to New Zealand to spend quality time with friends and family. What I appreciate most about my friends is sharp wit. My favorite drink isa South Australian Shiraz (surprisingly easy to come by here in Athens, Georgia). My three top papers 1I. Dissanayake, J. D. Hart, E. C. Becroft, C. J. Sumby, C. G. Newton, ‘Bisketene Equivalents as Diels–Alder Dienes', J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 13328– 13333. 2C. G. Newton, S. L. Drew, A. L. Lawrence, A. C. Willis, M. N. Paddon-Row, M. S. Sherburn, ‘Pseudopterosin synthesis from a chiral cross-conjugated hydrocarbon through a series of cycloadditions', Nat. Chem. 2015, 7, 82– 86. 3C. G. Newton, D. N. Tran, M. D. Wodrich, N. Cramer, ‘One-Step Multigram-Scale Biomimetic Synthesis of Psiguadial B', Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 13776– 13780. Volume106, Issue3March 2023e202300007 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Martina Letizia Contente

Martina Letizia Contente

Training the Next Generation of Researchers in the Organ-on-Chip Field

Organ-on-chip (OoC) technology bridges the principles of biology and engineering to create a new generation of in vitro models and involves highly interdisciplinary collaboration across STEM disciplines. Training the next generation of scientists, technicians and policy makers is a challenge that requires a tailored effort. To promote the qualification, usability, uptake and long-term development of OoC technology, we designed a questionnaire to evaluate the key aspects for training, identify the major stakeholders to be trained, their professional level and specific skillset. The 151 respondents unanimously agreed on the need to train the next generation of OoC researchers and that the training should be provided early, in interdisciplinary subjects and throughout the researchers’ career. We identified two key training priorities: (i) training scientists with a biology background in microfabrication and microfluidics principles and (ii) training OoC developers in pharmacology/toxicology. This makes training in OoC a transdisciplinary challenge rather than an interdisciplinary one. The data acquired and analyzed here serves to guide training initiatives for preparing competent and transdisciplinary researchers, capable of assuring the successful development and application of OoC technologies in academic research, pharmaceutical/chemical/cosmetic industries, personalized medicine and clinical trials on chip.

Neutrophils and their friends.

Neutrophils and their friends.

PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF FORMING PEDAGOGICAL PROFICIENCY OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF HIGHER MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

At the present stage of information society development there is a growing demand for preparation of a new generation of scientists and pedagogical workers, who would be able to actively cooperate with their students, create the innovative educational space focused on students’(cadets’) inquiries and needs, involving them into dynamic cognitive independent activity and informal education by means of mastering the disciplines, able to develop and implement authorial methods into the educational practice. These new requirements for teachers deepen the issues of their training, professional development and, in particular, their pedagogical excellence formation. The purpose of this article is to determine the pedagogical conditions for the pedagogical excellence formation of future teachers of higher military educational institutions. In order to conduct the research in a proper way, the author used such research methods as theoretical analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization of scientific literature. In addition, the author took into account her own empirical experience of training the future teachers of higher military educational institutions at the second (master's) and third (educational-scientific) levels of higher education.
 The research outcomes, presented in the article, prove that the formation of pedagogical excellence should begin during the teachers’ training and continue throughout their pedagogical work. In addition, it is extremely important to lay the foundation that will open teacher’s personal opportunities and allow them to achieve acme in their professional work. Moreover, it is necessary to pay attention to the formation of professional knowledge, pedagogical skills, professionally important qualities, pedagogical techniques and culture as components of teacher’s pedagogical excellence.
 To achieve this, nine pedagogical conditions, significant for the pedagogical excellence formation of future teachers of higher military educational institutions, are identified and described in the article as an outcome of the research, namely: motivation of research and teaching staff to train qualified future teachers; favorable socio-psychological climate in the educational environment; educational process interactivity at a higher military educational institution; educational process technologicalization; mastering psychological and pedagogical disciplines, in particular "Pedagogical Skills of a Teacher of Higher Military School"; participating in teaching practice; providing (building) an individual educational trajectory of the future teacher; involvement of future teachers in non-formal and informal education; combination of training and practice of military-professional activity (e.g. military internship, command-staff exercises).

CONTRIBUTION OF PERM RESEARCHERS TO THE STUDY OF RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN CONSERVATISM

The three-hundredth anniversary of Perm focuses on various achievements of residents of the city and the region as a whole. The significant contribution of Perm scientists to the development of various branches of science and art actualizes the appeal to the creative heritage of local historians, the scale of which has an all-Russian character. Perm historical school of the study of domestic and foreign conservatism has rich traditions and is one of the leading in the Russian Federation. Originated in the Soviet years, when its founder P. Yu. Rakhshmir was developing a research interest in analyzing certain aspects of conservatism in Western countries. Today the school continues to function successfully, a new generation of scientists is emerging, its luminaries continue to work, thereby expanding our understanding of various aspects of such a multifaceted and complex phenomenon as conservatism.