Generation Of Hydroxyl Radicals Research Articles

TME-Activated MnO2/Pt Nanoplatform of Hydroxyl Radical and Oxygen Generation to Synergistically Promote Radiotherapy and MR Imaging of Glioblastoma

TME-Activated MnO2/Pt Nanoplatform of Hydroxyl Radical and Oxygen Generation to Synergistically Promote Radiotherapy and MR Imaging of Glioblastoma

Piezo-modulated interface field facilitating hydroxyl radical formation of SrTiO3/ZnO heterojunction for water purification

Piezo-modulated interface engineering is an effective method for tuning the charge transfer process to enhance piezocatalytic dynamics. In this study, SrTiO3/ZnO heterojunctions were successfully synthesized via hydrothermal methods to degrade carbamazepine in water. The optimal SrTiO3/ZnO-5 % sample exhibited a remarkable 99.9 % degradation efficiency of carbamazepine within 60 min under ultrasonic vibration. The piezocatalytic reaction rate (k value = 0.0746 min−1) was 4.63 times and 10.97 times higher than that of pure SrTiO3 and pure ZnO, respectively. Reactive species scavenger tests, electron paramagnetic resonance techniques, and bands gap analysis revealed that the enhanced activity can be attributed to the construction of an interfacial electric field in SrTiO3/ZnO heterojunctions and the modification of an internal piezoelectric polarized field. This allowed charge redistribution and transport across the SrTiO3/ZnO heterojunction interface, and facilitated the generation of hydroxyl radicals (HO•) through simultaneous hole oxidation and electron reduction. This study provides a comprehensive mechanistic understanding about piezoelectric heterojunctions in the catalytic redox reactions, and offers valuable insights for designing more effective piezoelectric heterojunctions for the degradation of pharmaceutical organic pollutants.

Spontaneous Generation of Alkoxide Radical from Alcohols on Microdroplets Surface.

Water microdroplets have been demonstrated to exhibit extraordinary chemical behaviors, including the abilities to accelerate chemical reactions by several orders of magnitude and to trigger reactions that cannot occur in bulk water. One of the most striking examples is the spontaneous generation of hydroxyl radical from hydroxide ions. Alcohols and alkoxide ions, being structurally similar to water and hydroxide ions, might exhibit similar behavior on microdroplets. Here, we report the spontaneous generation of alkoxide radicals from alcohols (RCH2OH) in aqueous microdroplets through quantum chemical calculations, quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, ab initio MD simulations, and mass spectrometry. Our results show that an electric field (EF) on the order of 10-1 V/Å and partial solvation at the air‒water interface jointly promote the dissociation of RCH2OH into RCH2O- and H3O+ ions. QM/MM MD simulations indicate that RCH2O- can be ionized to produce RCH2O• radicals on the microdroplet surface. Furthermore, partial solvation and the EF collaboratively catalyze the isomerization of the RCH2O• radical into a more stable tautomer, R•CHOH. This study highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying the widespread generation of radicals at the microdroplet surface and provides insights into the importance of fundamental alcohol chemistry in the atmosphere.

Spontaneous Generation of Alkoxide Radical from Alcohols on Microdroplets Surface

Water microdroplets have been demonstrated to exhibit extraordinary chemical behaviors, including the abilities to accelerate chemical reactions by several orders of magnitude and to trigger reactions that cannot occur in bulk water. One of the most striking examples is the spontaneous generation of hydroxyl radical from hydroxide ions. Alcohols and alkoxide ions, being structurally similar to water and hydroxide ions, might exhibit similar behavior on microdroplets. Here, we report the spontaneous generation of alkoxide radicals from alcohols (RCH2OH) in aqueous microdroplets through quantum chemical calculations, quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, ab initio MD simulations, and mass spectrometry. Our results show that an electric field (EF) on the order of 10‐1 V/Å and partial solvation at the air‒water interface jointly promote the dissociation of RCH2OH into RCH2O‐ and H3O+ ions. QM/MM MD simulations indicate that RCH2O‐ can be ionized to produce RCH2O• radicals on the microdroplet surface. Furthermore, partial solvation and the EF collaboratively catalyze the isomerization of the RCH2O• radical into a more stable tautomer, R•CHOH. This study highlights the molecular mechanisms underlying the widespread generation of radicals at the microdroplet surface and provides insights into the importance of fundamental alcohol chemistry in the atmosphere.

Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation of Pharmaceuticals: Optimization of the Process by Response Surface Methodology

Batch heterogeneous catalytic ozonation experiments were performed using commercial and synthesized nanoparticles as catalysts in aqueous ozone. The transferred ozone dose (TOD) ranged from 0 to 150 μM, and nanoparticles were added in concentrations between 0 and 1.5 g L−1, with all experiments conducted at 20 °C and a total volume of 240 mL. A Ce-doped TiO2 catalyst (1% molar ratio of Ce/Ti) was synthesized via the sol–gel method. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to identify the most significant factors affecting the removal of selected pharmaceuticals, with TOD emerging as the most critical variable. Higher TOD resulted in greater removal efficiencies. Furthermore, it was found that the commercially available metal oxides α-Al2O3, Mn2O3, TiO2, and CeO2, as well as the synthesized CeTiOx, did not increase the catalytic activity of ozone during the degradation of ibuprofen (IBF) and para-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA). Carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF) are compounds susceptible to ozone oxidation, thus their complete degradation at 150 μM transferred ozone dose was attained. The limited catalytic effect was attributed to the rapid consumption of ozone within the first minute of reaction, as well as the saturation of catalyst active sites by water molecules, which inhibited effective ozone adsorption and subsequent hydroxyl radical generation (●OH).

Fe(II) Induced Porphyrin Nanoaggregates Assembled in the Liquid-Liquid Interface with Dual Enzyme-like Activity for Colorimetric Determination of Methimazole.

The liquid-liquid interface offers a confined space to control the growth of nanomaterials. In this study, Fe(II) (water phase) induced Meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (H2TCPP) (CHCl3, organic phase) into nanoaggregates (Fe-TCPP) in the liquid-liquid interface. By tuning the ratio of DMF in organic solvents, Fe(II) induced H2TCPP into two nanoaggregates (Fe-TCPP-1 and Fe-TCPP-2) with different morphologies via coordination interaction occurring at the water-CHCl3 interface. Interestingly, the Fe-TCPP nanoaggregates possess dual enzyme-like activity (peroxidase-like and oxidase-like activity). In particular, both Fe-TCPP-1 and Fe-TCPP-2 demonstrate a peroxidase-/oxidase-like activity under visible light irradiation that is higher than that in the dark. Comparatively, Fe-TCPP-2 exhibits enhanced peroxide-like (POD) activity together with oxidase-like (OXD) activity compared with that of Fe-TCPP-1 under the corresponding similar conditions. The excellent enzyme mimic activity of Fe-TCPP nanozymes is ascribed to the generated hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide anions (O2•-). Remarkably, the catalytic activity of Fe-TCPP-2 remains more than 90% even in the higher temperature range of 35-40 °C, which is significant for biological detection under physiological conditions. Based on the outstanding dual enzyme-like activity of Fe-TCPP-2, a colorimetric sensing platform for methimazole (an antithyroid medicine) has been developed, demonstrating a linear detection range of 10-100 μM and a detection limit of 4.44 μM.

Electrothermal Conversion of Methane to Methanol at Room Temperature with Phosphotungstic Acid

Traditional methods for the aerobic oxidation of methane to methanol frequently require the use of noble metal catalysts or flammable H2‐O2 mixtures. While electrochemical methods enhance safety and may avoid the use of noble metals, these processes suffer from low yields due to limited current density and/or low selectivity. Here, we design an electrothermal process to conduct aerobic oxidation of methane to methanol at room temperature using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as a redox mediator. When electrochemically reduced, PTA activates methane with O2 to produce methanol selectively. The optimum productivity reaches 29.45 [[EQUATION]] with approximately 20.3% overall electron yield. Under continuous operation, we achieved 19.90 [[EQUATION]] catalytic activity, over 74.3% methanol selectivity, and 10 hours durability. This approach leverages reduced PTA to initiate thermal catalysis in solution phase, addressing slow methane oxidation kinetics and preventing overoxidations on electrode surfaces. The current density towards methanol production increased over 40 times compared with direct electrochemical processes. The in‐situ generated hydroxyl radical, from the reaction of reduced PTA and oxygen, plays an important role in the methane conversion. This study demonstrates reduced polyoxotungstate as a viable platform to integrate thermo‐ and electrochemical methane oxidation at ambient conditions.

Electrothermal Conversion of Methane to Methanol at RoomTemperature with Phosphotungstic Acid.

Traditional methods for the aerobic oxidation of methane to methanol frequently require the use of noble metal catalysts or flammable H2-O2 mixtures. While electrochemical methods enhance safety and may avoid the use of noble metals, these processes suffer from low yields due to limited current density and/or low selectivity. Here, we design an electrothermal process to conduct aerobic oxidation of methane to methanol at room temperature using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as a redox mediator. When electrochemically reduced, PTA activates methane with O2 to produce methanol selectively. The optimum productivity reaches 29.45 [[EQUATION]] with approximately 20.3% overall electron yield. Under continuous operation, we achieved 19.90 [[EQUATION]] catalytic activity, over 74.3% methanol selectivity, and 10 hours durability. This approach leverages reduced PTA to initiate thermal catalysis in solution phase, addressing slow methane oxidation kinetics and preventing overoxidations on electrode surfaces. The current density towards methanol production increased over 40 times compared with direct electrochemical processes. The in-situ generated hydroxyl radical, from the reaction of reduced PTA and oxygen, plays an important role in the methane conversion. This study demonstrates reduced polyoxotungstate as a viable platform to integrate thermo- and electrochemical methane oxidation at ambient conditions.

Multifunctional Nanocomposite Hydrogel with Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy and Starvation Therapy for Inhibiting Postoperative Tumor Recurrence

Surgical resection is the primary treatment for melanoma; however, preventing tumor recurrence after resection remains a significant clinical challenge. To address this, we developed a multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel (H-CPG) composed of glucose oxidase (GOx)-coated CuS@PDA@GOx (CPG) nanoparticles, aminated hyaluronic acid (HA-ADH), and oxidized rhizomatous polysaccharides (OBSP), which are interconnected through hydrogen bonds and dynamic Schiff base linkages. In the acidic tumor micro-environment, the hydrogel releases GOx, catalyzing the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which enhances chemokinetic activity through a Cu2+-mediated Fenton-like reaction. This process generates hydroxyl radicals that intensify oxidative stress and promote macrophage polarization from the M2 to M1 phenotype. This polarization triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby inhibiting tumor recurrence. Additionally, the hydrogel induces photothermal effects that help eradicate residual bacteria at the wound site. Overall, the H-CPG hydrogel offers a dual mechanism to prevent melanoma recurrence and reduce resistance to monotherapy, presenting a promising strategy for postoperative tumor management.

Cu-TiO2/Zeolite/PMMA Tablets for Efficient Dye Removal: A Study of Photocatalytic Water Purification

In this study, Cu-doped TiO2 combined with natural zeolite (ZT) was synthesized and applied as a fixed powder layer on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) tablets. The material’s morphology, structural, and chemical properties were characterized using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by assessing the neutralization of hydroxyl radicals and iron (III) ions. For the first time, tablets with Cu-TiO2 and ZT deposited on PMMA as the carrier were investigated for removing two dyes, methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB), from water under simulated solar (SS) and UVC irradiation. Under SS irradiation, the Cu-TiO2/PMMA and Cu-TiO2/ZT/PMMA tablets achieved about 21% degradation of MB after 240 min. This result is particularly noteworthy because SS radiation provides lower energy compared with UVC, making the process more economically efficient. Furthermore, the photocatalysts are immobilized on a stable carrier, which enhances the method’s cost-effectiveness by reducing material loss and simplifying recovery. In the presence of ZT/PMMA tablets, 69% of MB was removed by adsorption after 240 min. Additionally, we explored the mechanism of degradation, revealing that the enhanced generation of hydroxyl radicals plays a pivotal role in the effective degradation of MB. At the same time, photogenerated holes contribute to the removal of MO. The overall results suggest that the tablets obtained are a promising solution for water purification due to their effectiveness, simplicity, and low processing cost.

A triple-mode strategy combining low-temperature photothermal, photodynamic, and chemodynamic therapies for treating infectious skin wounds.

The skin is the first natural barrier of the human body. Bacterial infections severely hinder the healing process of skin wounds and pose a great threat to human health. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to develop new antimicrobial strategies for bacterial pathogen clearance and wound healing. In this study, a metal-organic framework (MOF), Fe-MIL88B-NH2, was incorporated with the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) to construct composite nanoparticles (MOF@ICG NPs) with multiple antibacterial activities. Under mild near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the photosensitizer ICG in the MOF@ICG NPs undergoes photothermal conversion (∼45 °C) and photodynamic reactions to generate heat and singlet oxygen (1O2). In addition, the Fenton reaction of the NPs with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the bacterial infection microenvironment resulted in the generation of hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), thus achieving the three-mode combination of low-temperature photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT). The in vitro experimental results showed that MOF@ICG MPs had excellent antibacterial properties and good cytocompatibility, with some ability to promote the migration of L-929 fibroblasts. Furthermore, under NIR irradiation, MOF@ICG NPs could significantly kill bacteria and promote skin wound healing according to the results of animal experiments. The wound healing rate reached 87.1% after 7 days of treatment. The research results break through the limitations of single-mode antibacterial technology and provide certain theoretical guidance and technical support for the research and development of new antibacterial materials.

Bimetallic FeCo metal–organic framework based cascade reaction system: Enhanced peroxidase activity for antibacterial performance

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a peroxidase (POD), can catalyze the conversion of H2O2 to reactive oxygen species (ROS) for antibacterial application. To achieve strong antibacterial activity, it is necessary to improve the enzyme-like activity of MOFs. In this study, FexCoMOF was synthesized by incorporating Co(II) to improve the electron transfer of Fe(III)/Fe(II), which enhanced its redox capacity as a nanozyme and further promoted the generation of hydroxyl radical (⋅OH), exhibiting higher POD activity. Doping with different amounts of Co(II) altered the particle size, specific surface area, and surface defects of FexCoMOF, thus exhibiting differential enzyme-like activities. Additionally, a glucose-responsive enzyme cascade reaction system based on Fe4CoMOF/glucose oxidase (GOx) was established. In the presence of glucose, the in situ-generated substrate H2O2 was in contact with the catalytic site and the generated gluconic acid enabled Fe4CoMOF to maintain maximum enzyme activity under physiological pH conditions, avoiding damage caused by the use of exogenous high concentrations of H2O2. In the in vitro antibacterial experiment, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Fe4CoMOF/GOx was 10 μg mL−1 for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and 5 μg mL−1 for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (∼108 CFU mL−1). The increase in enzyme activity resulted in a considerable reduction in the dose of the antibacterial agent, which was conducive to improving bio-safety. The in vivo experiment in mice demonstrated that the glucose-responsive Fe4CoMOF-based cascade reaction system had excellent antibacterial properties and remarkably promoted wound healing. The antibacterial agent based on bimetallic MOF developed in this work provides a new idea for cascade catalytic antibacterial therapy and will have remarkable application prospects in biomaterials and nanomedicine.

Catalytic hydrothermal reaction of biomass and its application in blast furnace injection: Physicochemical, conversion mechanism, combustion behavior

This study employs a combination of experimental research and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to evaluate the optimal conditions for catalytic hydrothermal carbonization suitable for blast furnace injection. Through FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ICP analysis, and combustion kinetics analysis, the physical and chemical properties of the hydrochar were determined. Subsequently, these properties along with kinetic parameters were applied to an improved CFD model to compare the flow patterns and combustion performance of hydrochar with PCI coal in blast furnaces. The results indicate that the optimal HTC conditions are identified at 300 °C with FeCl3 catalysis, yielding hydrochar (HTC-300-FeCl3) characterized by a calorific value of 32.10 MJ/kg, 98 % K element removal, and enhanced carbonaceous structure ordering. This is attributed to the addition of FeCl3 effectively enhances the generation of hydroxyl radicals in the aqueous phase and promotes deoxygenation and hydrogenation reactions in the solid phase, improving the quality of hydrochars. In addition, CFD model shows that the HTC-300 FeCl3 exhibits a higher burnout (86.2 %) and average gas temperature (2383.1 K) compared to PCI coal, indicating its greater potential as a PCI coal substitute in BF injection.

Efficient desalination and synergistic toxic organics removal in RO concentrates with electrochemical advanced oxidation processes

A novel Ce-doped Ti4O7 (Ti/Ti4O7-Ce) electrode was fabricated and investigated in treatment of reverse osmosis (RO) concentrates with Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs). Characterization results showed that Ce was successfully incorporated into the Ti4O7, leading to an increase on the hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation and electrochemical stability compared with Ti/Ti4O7. Ti/Ti4O7-Ce electrodes achieved efficient desalination and oxidation of toxic organics, which was mainly attributed to the indirect oxidation induced by electro-generated •OH and change of electrochemical properties. The action of electric field had great effect on desalination process, and the anions in reverse osmosis concentrates (ROC) deposited on the cathode through this action by characterization and analysis. In the treatment, about 10.8–11.2 % of desalination efficiencies can be obtained, and the removal efficiency of toxic organics enhanced with the increase of Ce addition and current density. In the experiments, TOC removal efficiencies were 57 %, 66 % and 69 % under 10, 20 and 30 mA/cm2 in the 180 min treatment. Toxic chemicals, such as alkanes, haloalkanes, etc., were the main components in treatment, and the organic pollutants with medium molecular weight (MMW) (1400 g/mol) and low molecular weight (LMW) (40–230 g/mol) in ROC were removed. Although slight decreased durability was observed due to Ce leaching, Ti/Ti4O7-Ce electrode maintained stable desalination performance and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency within 60 cycles. This study indicated that Ti/Ti4O7-Ce was a promising electrode for synergistic toxic organics removal and desalination in EAOPs.

Heterocyclic effect boosted peroxidase-like activity of MIL(Fe) metal-organic framework for colorimetric assay and dye removal

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising candidates for enzyme mimics due to their abundant pore structures and adjustable active sites. The catalytic activity particularly depends on the electronic character of the organic ligand. In this study, we report an iron-based MOF nanozyme FeTDC, created by replacing the 1,4-dicarboxybenzene ligand with five-membered 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid (H2TDC). In comparison with the phenyl analogue, the sulfur-based heterocyclic ligand demonstrates high electron delocalization, and a low pKa value, which are beneficial for enhancing the metal/ligand interactions. Accordingly, FeTDC can facilitate the oxidation of the benzidine substrate in the presence of H2O2, thereby exhibiting remarkable peroxidase-like activity. The generation of hydroxyl radical (•OH) at the Fe active sites contributes to the catalytic process. Furthermore, the smartphone-assisted colorimetric assay of pyrophosphate was developed with high sensitivity, based on its inhibitory effect. When FeTDC was utilized for the removal of benzidine dye under high-salt condition, a 90 % of removal rate was achieved due to the synergistic effect of enzyme catalysis and physical adsorption. This work presents a novel perspective of heterocyclic effect on the design of MOF nanozymes, thereby expanding their applicability in the control of pollutants.

Customizable Three-Dimensional Printed Zerovalent Iron: An Efficient and Reusable Fenton-like Reagent for Florfenicol Degradation.

Zerovalent iron (Fe0)-based Fenton-like technology has great potential for treating recalcitrant organic pollutants (ROPs) in wastewater. However, rapidly and precisely manufacturing Fe0-based materials with the desired geometries is challenging. Herein, novel three-dimensional printed Fe0 (3DP-Fe0) and bimetallic 3DP-Ni/Fe0 were customized by 3D printing for efficient Fenton-like degradation of florfenicol (FLO), a typical antibiotic in wastewater. 3DP-Ni/Fe0 with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exhibited superior reactivity toward FLO than 3DP-Fe0, generating hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and atomic hydrogen to achieve >90% dehalogenation and >70% total organic carbon removal within 10 min. The resulting degradation intermediates possessed lower antibacterial activity than FLO and did not cause resistance gene proliferation in activated sludge. The Fenton-like activity of 3DP-Ni/Fe0 was similar across different shapes but increased with increasing porosity and size. Compared with powdered Ni/Fe0, 3DP-Ni/Fe0 exhibited faster electron transfer during Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycling, which increased the utilization efficiency of dissolved Fe2+ and H2O2 for ·OH production. Moreover, 3DP-Ni/Fe0 could be reused >150 times, 5-fold more than powdered Ni/Fe0, owing to its lower metal ion release and Fe0 depletion. 3DP-Ni/Fe0 with H2O2 can also efficiently remove chemical oxygen demand from real wastewater and other ROPs (e.g., acetaminophen, carbamazepine, thiamphenicol, and tetrabromobisphenol A).

High-yield preparation of 1T-MoS2 with excellent piezo-catalytic activity via W6+ doping for antibiotics degradation and Cr(VI) reduction: Mechanistic insights from characterizations to DFT calculations

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising piezoelectric material. Herein, a simple method is reported for the high-yield production of metallic (1 T) phase MoS2 which exhibits excellent piezo-catalytic activity by in-situ doping of trace amounts of W6+. At 1 wt% W6+ doping, the 1 T phase of the obtained MoS2 reaches a concentration as high as 85.56 % and the piezoelectric coefficient and piezoelectric response current increase by 1.67 and 1.18 times, respectively, as compared to pristine MoS2. Consequently, W1.0-MoS2 can remove more than 99.8 % of tetracycline and 97.3 % of Cr(VI) in 10 min. Experimental characterization and theoretical calculations indicate that the enhanced piezoelectric catalytic activity is attributed to the strong synergistic effect between 1T-MoS2 and W6+ doping, which facilitates the rapid generation of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. This new strategy of doping 1 T/2H-MoS2 with W6+ can significantly enhance the piezoelectric catalytic performance, providing important insights for the removal of pollutants.

Catalyst for the Generation of OH Radicals in Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Processes: Present and Future Perspectives

Heterogeneous Advanced Oxidation Processes (H-AOPs) are considered a new process for removing emerging pollutants. In this case, the high reactivity of hydroxyl radicals is used to degrade persistent organic pollutants. This review explores the state-of-the-art catalyst for hydroxyl radical generation in AOPs. As a parasite reaction, chloride ions appear in alkaline conditions and compete with the active sites. The theoretical foundation of catalyst performance is explored, focusing on the fundamental principles that govern the efficiency and mechanism of hydroxyl or chloride radical production. The synthesis and electronic modification sections explore the modifications of catalysts. It discusses key methodologies for catalyst preparation, with a particular emphasis on electronic modification that enhances both activity and stability. Finally, laboratory and pilot applications highlight the effectiveness of novel or modified catalysts in different scenarios. These last findings provide insights into the future directions for research and application, aiming to draw attention to the gap between laboratory studies and real-world implementations.

Assessment of homogeneous electro-Fenton process coupled with microbial fuel cell utilizing Serratia sp. AC-11 for glyphosate degradation in aqueous phase

Glyphosate (GLY), a globally-used organophosphate herbicide, is frequently detected in various environmental matrices, including water, prompting significant attention due to its persistence and potential ecological impacts. In light of this environmental concern, innovative remediation strategies are warranted. This study utilized Serratia sp. AC-11 isolated from a tropical peatland as a biocatalyst in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) coupled with a homogeneous electron-Fenton (EF) process to degrade glyphosate in aqueous medium. After coupling the processes with a resistance of 100 Ω, an output voltage value of 0.64 V was obtained and maintained stable throughout the experiment. A bacterial biofilm of Serratia sp. AC-11 was formed on the carbon felt electrode, confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). In the anodic chamber, the GLY biodegradation rate was 100% after 48 h of experimentation, with aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) remaining in the solution. In the cathodic chamber, the GLY degradation rate for the EF process was 69.5% after 48 h experimentation, with almost all of the AMPA degraded by the in situ generated hydroxyl radicals. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that Serratia sp. AC-11 not only catalyzed the biodegradation of glyphosate but also facilitated the generation of electrons for subsequent transfer to initiate the EF reaction to degrade glyphosate. This dual functionality emphasizes the unique capabilities of Serratia sp. AC-11, it as an electrogenic microorganism with application in innovative bioelectrochemical processes, and highlighting its role in sustainable strategies for environmental remediation.

When Metal Complexes Evolve, and a Minor Species Is the Most Active: the Case of Bis(Phenanthroline)Copper in the Catalysis of Glutathione Oxidation and Hydroxyl Radical Generation

When Metal Complexes Evolve, and a Minor Species Is the Most Active: the Case of Bis(Phenanthroline)Copper in the Catalysis of Glutathione Oxidation and Hydroxyl Radical Generation