General Themes Research Articles

Procedural skill maintenance: What it means to physicians, how it motivates them, and what stops them from doing so

Introduction: Maintenance of procedural skills is crucial for paediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians to provide high-quality care. A study by Lin-Martore et al. (2021) in the US identified key themes in conceptualising procedural skill maintenance (PSM), its motivations, and barriers to maintenance. However, the difference in culture brings into question the validity of their findings in other contexts. To determine its applicability specifically in an Asian context, this study aims to replicate the study at KK’s Women and Children Hospital (KKH), focusing on PEM physicians. While the findings are limited to a single hospital, they provide valuable insights into challenges encountered by PEM physicians. Methods: A general qualitative approach was used through semi-structured interviews. Participants were recruited through email. Interviews were conducted via Zoom and subsequently de-identified and transcribed. The data was coded manually through thematic analysis, identifying key themes. Results: Fifteen PEM physicians were interviewed. Participants conceptualised PSM through technical aspects and measured competence through objective and subjective measures. General motivation themes found the (1) desire to provide optimal patient care, (2) procedural competence as part of the identity of a PEM physician who teaches and performs procedures, and (3) desire for choice when alternatives are present. Barriers included limited time, support, and opportunities. Conclusion: The study found that the themes from the original study are applicable in KKH, featuring SDT concepts prominently. Practical recommendations for KKH were proposed. Future research can focus on the challenges and gaps in maintaining procedural skills and develop strategies to improve PSM in PEM physicians. Keywords: Procedural Skill Maintenance, Singapore, Emergency Medicine, Qualitative, Paediatric Medicine

Impact des attentats du 13 novembre 2015 sur les enfants des civils exposés et sur les relations parents–enfants

IntroductionSanté publique France carried out a web-based epidemiological survey (ESPA 13 Novembre) between 8 and 12 months after the terrorist attacks of the 13 November 2015. This was done in order to explore the post-traumatic psychological impact of the attacks on the directly exposed civilians and responders as well as their use of healthcare services. The survey took the form of a series of closed-ended questions as well as several open-ended questions. We present here an analysis of the responses of civilians to the following specific question: “If you have children, can you tell us whether you think the experience you went through had an effect on them, or on your relationship with them? Can you explain?”. ObjectiveTo find out about the impact of the attacks on the children of exposed civilians and on parent–child relationships, something that has never been studied in the context of mass attacks. MethodWe carried out a thematic analysis of civilians’ responses to this specific question, building up general themes by data reduction. ResultsThe analyses revealed four main themes which relate to the impact of the exposure to terrorist attacks on parent-child relationships, the changes experienced in their role as parents, their children's reactions and, finally, the ways in which they tried to protect their children. DiscussionThe parents highlighted the psychological changes that operated in them, their unease, their fear of the outside world, and their concern for their children's safety. They discussed the consequences of the attacks on their children in terms of stress, insecurity, psychological disturbances, and even of the emergence of real disorders. The parents have tried to fulfil their protective role in a variety of ways, sometimes with a feeling of powerlessness reinforced for some by the difficulty of finding suitable care spaces. Attachment bonds have, for the most part, tightened in these families demonstrating their reassuring function within the group. It seems essential to care for children, and the family as a whole, alongside their parents, in order to re-establish secure attachment bonds which are a factor in resilience.

Preface

3rd National Forum on Contemporary Space Research (NaFSKI 2022), November 10-12, 2022, Sofia TechPark, Bulgaria The National Forum on Contemporary Space Research is an initiative of the “Cosmos” Branch of the Union of Physicists in Bulgaria aiming to promote space research networking both on national and international levels. The event was shaped as a platform where the Bulgarian academia and industry meet, discuss, and collaborate. The Forum is held under the auspices of the Bulgarian Ministry of Innovation and Growth with the financial support of EnduroSat, Space Fluent, and Sfera Technologies. The first edition of the Forum took place in 2020 and it proved the idea is timely and successful. The second and third editions of the Forum was organized as a 3 days event in Sofia TechPark “Incubator” in October 2021 and attracted even more attention. Thus, it was natural to continue the Forum as annual event and to hold the fourth edition in October 2022. The program and presentations during the Forum are available at https://bulgarianspace.online/nafski2023/ The NAFSKI 2023 Forum programme was a two-days event, aiming at bringing the industrial, research, and education sectors closer together. The event was in three general themes: Space science, Space technologies and Space education, with representatives of the three sectors collaborating in all sections. The collected papers passed a peer-review process, and we are proud to present the collection to the readers of the Journal of Physics – Conference Series. The papers are separated in three categories, according to the topic: fundamental space science research, aerospace technologies and Earth observations. We are thankful to all participants, sponsors, and guests, who contributed to the Forum and helped us to fulfil one of the most recognized events in this scientific topic this year - without you this would never have happened. We are looking forward to welcoming you again at the fifth edition in October 2024. Assoc. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hristomir Yordanov (Guest Editor) List of Programme Committee and Organisation Committee are available in this Pdf.

Reflections from members of a collaborative social work practitioner–academic research team investigating the career progression experiences of black social workers

This article shares the reflections of members of a collaborative practitioner–academic research team in social work. The team investigated the career progression experiences of black social workers working in statutory social work services in South-East London. Our intention in this article is to share our experience of researching a subject that holds emotional and political resonance. We do so by offering individual perspectives from different team members on how their project involvement affected them both personally and professionally. We also discuss some of the general themes identified in our reflections. These include practitioners growing in research confidence, the need to create a safe emotional space for stories of researcher discomfort and uncertainty to be heard, the effects of undertaking research on professional social work identity, and curiosity about whether our research endeavours can change social work career progression policies and practices for black social work colleagues. We caution that a safe emotional container is required when researching personally and professionally sensitive, subjects such as racism and discrimination in social work. We hope that our article inspires social work practitioners to become involved in research activities.

Design and Validation of a Mentalization Promoting Program for Parents of a Child with Type 1 Diabetes and its Effectiveness on Parents' Reflective Functioning and the Child's Emotional-Behavioral Problems: A Single-Subject Study

Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the Mentalization promoting program for parents of a child with type 1 diabetes and investigating its effectiveness on parents' reflective Functioning and emotional-behavioral problems of the child. Methods: A mixed method was used in this research. In the qualitative part, the mentalization problems of 18 children with T1D and 22 of their parents were extracted through the analysis of interviews with the method of transcendental phenomenology, and three general themes,18 main sub-themes and 50 sub-themes were obtained. Then, based on these themes and within the framework of the concepts of mentalization theory, a program to promote the mentalization of parents with a child with type 1 diabetes was designed. After confirming the content validity based on the CVI, with a semi-experimental method and a single-subject design of the type (A-B) with different subjects, 5 parents of children with diabetes who met the criteria for entering the research, were selected with a purposeful sampling method and participated in the program. The effectiveness of this program was assessed in four phases (baseline, during intervention, after intervention and follow-up) using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ) and indicators of program goals. Then data was checked based on visual analysis indicators. Results: The final outcome of this phenomenological study is the extraction of three general themes, including the underlying factors of breakdowns in mentalizing, types of common mentalizing problems, and the consequences of breakdowns in mentalizing which became the basis for design the program to promote the mentalization of parents with a child with type 1 diabetes The results showed that the designed program, while having sufficient validity, was effective in increasing the parents reflective Functioning and reducing the emotional-behavioral problems of the child, and this effectiveness continued in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: Considering the validity of this program and its effectiveness, it is suggested that this program be widely implemented to help improve the physical and mental health of children with diabetes and their families, and also for children with other chronic diseases should also be adapted.

Representations of illness and treatments in patients with desmoid tumors: A thematic content analysis of a qualitative study

PurposeDesmoid tumors are a rare and complex disease characterized by a great diversity in its forms, localizations, and prognosis. Both the disease and the treatment can have a significant impact on quality of life in patients. Given the complexity of the disease and its rarity, the literature on patients’ experience with the disease scarce. The purpose of this study is to investigate illness representations and subjective experience in participants affected with desmoid tumors. MethodsTelephonic semi-directive interviews were used in French patients over 18 years, diagnosed with desmoid tumor. Data were analyzed through a general inductive method to identify emergent general themes in participants’ discourse. ResultsParticipants (8 women, 7 men) in this study were aged between 27 and 71. The analysis revealed eight major themes relative to representations of illness and treatment, live with the illness, the impact of illness on relationships with others, the illness and medical pathways, and the identity changes caused by the illness. The two most salient themes were illness and treatment representations and life with the illness. Those themes were chosen for this study. ConclusionsThe results provide new insights on representation of and experience with desmoid tumors in patients. It brings arguments for the necessity of development wider systematic study to explore those variables in a larger sample during all the illness pathway. Indeed, this population meets particular issues appealing for the development of a specific psychosocial support.

Self-Censorship or Irony? The Rhetoric of Silence in Rosalía de Castro’s “Las literatas”

This article studies the textual strategies used by Rosalía de Castro in “Las literatas” to denounce the structural and epistemic violence suffered by women writers and to defend their right to participate in the public sphere through literary activity. The text appears in a peculiar context, a year after street demonstrations by seminarians prevented the publication of another article of hers in the same Almanaque para la Juventud Elegante. This article, addressing the general theme of the silencing imposed on women, exposes their reaction to any kind of pressure: to continue writing and publishing. The splitting of the narratorial voice to show an excinded, dialogic and even incoherent or contradictory authorial self continues a tradition initiated by Romantic women authors to generate fissures in a model of femininity disciplined within the limits of the space assigned to them.

Role and significance of virus-bacteria interactions in disease progression.

Understanding disease pathogenesis caused by bacteria/virus, from the perspective of individual pathogen has provided meaningful insights. However, as viral and bacterial counterparts might inhabit the same infection site, it becomes crucial to consider their interactions and contributions in disease onset and progression. The objective of the review is to highlight the importance of considering both viral and bacterial agents during the course of coinfection. The review provides a unique perspective on the general theme of virus-bacteria interactions, which either lead to colocalized infections that are restricted to one anatomical niche, or systemic infections that have a systemic effect on the human host. The sequence, nature, and underlying mechanisms of certain virus-bacteria interactions have been elaborated with relevant examples from literature. It also attempts to address the various applied aspects, including diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for individual infections as well as virus-bacteria coinfections. The review aims to aid researchers in comprehending the intricate interplay between virus and bacteria in disease progression, thereby enhancing understanding of current methodologies and empowering the development of novel health care strategies to tackle coinfections.

Significant UK Environmental Law Cases 2023–24

Abstract This case law overview comments on significant UK environmental law cases for the period 1 April 2023–31 March 2024 (with one exception where a High Court decision within that period was overturned on appeal just after it). It begins with an overarching introduction, which draws some general themes from our selection of cases, focussing on the breadth of environmental law and issues of public concern in public and private law disputes. It then addresses 12 significant cases concerning the accrual of causes of action in private nuisance, whether there is power to vary abatement notices in respect of statutory nuisances, climate change, habitats, flooding, cumulative environmental impact assessment, river basin management plans, storm overflow discharge reduction plans, Regulators’ Codes, and public rights on Dartmoor Commons. It ends with some final thoughts on this year’s cases and the year ahead.

WALKING IN THEIR SHOES: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF TEACHERS MANAGING STUDENTS WITH DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR

This study focuses primarily on the lived experiences of secondary education teachers who work with students exhibiting disruptive behavior. The research employs a qualitative phenomenological approach, utilizing semi-structured in-depth interviews with a sample of five teachers from a secondary school in Barangay Sigaboy who are responsible for managing students with disruptive conduct. The selection of participants was done through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was employed to evaluate the data, which facilitated the identification of key statements pertaining to the challenges, coping methods, and insights of secondary teachers in managing disruptive conduct exhibited by their students. Upon deliberation, 2 general themes surfaced breaking into 2 subthemes of each result. The results have shown that the first theme: learner’s background have described the types of learners and the reason for disruptions. It is evident that secondary teachers experience varied learners that disrupts the learning process and carries different reason of disruptions. The second theme: academic background exposed the teachers’ emotional attachments and strategies in the disruptive behavior. This study describes the lived experiences of 5 secondary teachers in the journey of educating young adults. KEYWORDS: Secondary Teachers, Disruptive Behavior, Lived Experience

30 years of youth system of care lessons learned – a qualitative study of Hawaiʻi’s partnership with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

BackgroundThe Hawaiʻi State Department of Health, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Division (CAMHD) has maintained a longstanding partnership with Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) to enhance capacity and quality of community-based mental health services. The current study explored CAMHD’s history of SAMHSA system of care (SOC) awards and identified common themes, lessons learned, and recommendations for future funding.MethodsEmploying a two-phase qualitative approach, the study first conducted content analysis on seven final project reports, identifying themes and lessons learned based on SOC values and principles. Subsequently, interviews were conducted with 11 system leaders in grant projects and SOC award projects within the state. All data from project reports and interview transcripts were independently coded and analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis techniques.ResultsContent validation and interview coding unveiled two content themes, interagency collaboration and youth and family voice, as areas that required long-term and consistent efforts across multiple projects. In addition, two general process themes, connection and continuity, emerged as essential approaches to system improvement work. The first emphasizes the importance of fostering connections in family, community, and culture, as well as within workforce members and child-serving agencies. The second highlights the importance of nurturing continuity throughout the system, from interagency collaboration to individual treatment.ConclusionsThe study provides deeper understanding of system of care evaluations, offering guidance to enhance and innovate youth mental health systems. The findings suggest that aligning state policies with federal guidelines and implementing longer funding mechanisms may alleviate administrative burdens.

Characterization of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors in the Southern giant pouched rat and comparison to other rodents.

Vasopressin and oxytocin are well known and evolutionarily ancient modulators of social behavior. The distribution and relative densities of vasopressin and oxytocin receptors are known to modulate the sensitivity to these signaling molecules. Comparative work is needed to determine which neural networks have been conserved and modified over evolutionary time, and which social behaviors are commonly modulated by nonapeptide signaling. To this end, we used receptor autoradiography to determine the distribution of vasopressin 1a and oxytocin receptors in the Southern giant pouched rat (Cricetomys ansorgei) brain, and to assess the relative densities of these receptors in specific brain regions. We then compared the relative receptor pattern to 23 other species of rodents using a multivariate ANOVA. Pouched rat receptor patterns were strikingly similar to hamsters and voles overall, despite the variation in social organization among species. Uniquely, the pouched rat had dense vasopressin 1a receptor binding in the caudate-putamen (i.e., striatum), an area that might impact affiliative behavior in this species. In contrast, the pouched rat had relatively little oxytocin receptor binding in much of the anterior forebrain. Notably, however, oxytocin receptor binding demonstrated extremely dense binding in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, which is associated with the modulation of several social behaviors and a central hub of the social decision-making network. Examination of the nonapeptide system has the potential to reveal insights into species-specific behaviors and general themes in the modulation of social behavior.

Increasing perceived health and mental health literacy among separated refugee Ukrainian families with urgent needs occasioned by invasion-a group intervention study with participatory methodology in Sweden.

With the increasing numbers of refugees from Ukraine affected by the ongoing war, there is a high risk of trauma-related stress due to low local health and mental health literacy care. Perceived good health is a human right. Earlier studies show that intervention for refugees can reduce and prevent post-migration stress and anxiety. The present explorative study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of a short, trauma-focused group intervention (in Swedish "hälsoskola") for Ukrainian-speaking refugees (EU's mass refugee directive). This intervention was part of an ESF project aiming to get the subjects closer to the labor market in Västernorrland County, Sweden. A mixed-methods design, a participatory methodology, and an evaluation were used. Data were obtained with a short questionnaire in Ukrainian. It included a visual analogue health-rating scale, an observation, and an oral evaluation in groups. For practical and ethical reasons, there was no control group. Each group met five times for 2 h, a total of 10 h excluding pre- and post-assessment. There were eight sets of five group sessions per set, a total of 40 sessions. Brief initial and concluding breathing exercises sought to reduce stress among the participants. Baseline data were obtained from 99 participants, mostly females. Data gathered directly after the group intervention from 57 participants who had filled in both the pre- and post-questionnaires showed that (1) perceived anxiety/stress was significantly reduced (chi-2 25,53, df = 4, p < 001). (2) The participants showed significantly better perceived health as assessed on a visual analogue scale (average change from 63.16 to 71.18, p < 0.001). This result was supported by the participants' questions, which were qualitatively evaluated using thematic content analysis. Five general themes stemmed from questions raised in dialogue with the participants plus observation with the respective local expert. The participants received answers to their questions, and their perceived negative attitudes to authorities changed to more positive ones. By dialogue between the participants' needs of knowledge and direct answers by the local expert, respectively, was feasible and effective as they perceived trust and health and mental health literacy increased. Implications for primary prevention are discussed.

The Impact of Biases on Health Disinformation Research

This work analyses the treatment of elements such as biases and their relationship with disinformation in international academic production. The first step in this process was to carry out a search for papers published in academic journals indexed in the main indexing platforms. This was followed by a bibliometric analysis involving an analysis of the production and impact of the selected publications, using social media techniques and a semantic content analysis based on abstracts. The data obtained from Web of Science, Scopus, and Dimensions, relating to health, biases, and fake news as well as post-truth, show how these works have multiplied in the last decade. The question relating to this research is as follows: How have cognitive biases been treated in national and international academic journals? This question is answered with respect to the scientific or research method. The results, which date from 2000 to 2024, show a considerable academic dedication to exploring the relationship between biases and health disinformation. In all these communities we have observed a relationship between production with the field of medicine as a general theme and social media. Furthermore, this connection is always tied to other subjects, such as an aversion to vaccines in Community 10; disinformation about COVID-19 on social media in Community 5; COVID-19 and conspiracy theories in Community 6; and content for the dissemination of health-related subjects on YouTube and the disinformation spread about them. The community analysis carried out shows a common factor in all the analysed communities—that of cognitive bias.

Scientific Utility of Selected Latin American Global Geoparks: A Literature-Based Case Study

Global geoparks, i.e., the members of the UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) network, possess highly valuable geoheritage resources, which can be used for the purposes of not only education and tourism, but also science. Five examples from four Latin American countries (Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru) were employed to realize the importance of these global geoparks as facilitators of international research. Journal articles devoted to these geoparks were selected with the major bibliographical databases, and the information from them was analyzed quantitatively. Particularly, the numbers of articles published before and after the UGGp membership, paying significant and marginal attention to geoparks, and published by international teams were calculated; the general themes of the articles were outlined. It was established that the total number of publications grew after the UGGp membership of these geoparks, but not steadily. The established dynamics of publishing are unstable and differ between the geoparks. Geoparks of Mexico (Mixteca Alta) and Peru (Colca y Volcanes de Andagua) are notable examples because they started to facilitate international research before the UGGp membership. Many articles consider geoparks only marginally (nonetheless, there are also articles paying significant attention to geoparks, especially in the cases of two Mexican geoparks). The author teams are often not restricted to Latin America. The research themes are rather diverse (geoheritage, geology, ecology, innovations, society, technology), although the majority of the publications are geoheritage-focused. Of special interest is the Colca y Volcanes de Andagua global geopark, which has been considered in the innovation-focused article. Generally, our results indicate a moderate importance of the considered global geoparks to international research activity and the incomplete exploitation of their scientific potential. Two Mexican geoparks (Comarca Minera and Mixteca Alta) seem to be the most successful in the facilitation of international research. Indeed, the scientific utility of global geoparks should be strengthened.

Preface

43rd International Deep Drawing Research Group (IDDRG) Conference Sustainable Sheet Forming - Circular Economy Melbourne, Australia 1. Introduction The 43rd International Deep Drawing Research Group (IDDRG) conference was held in Melbourne, Australia, on 12–15 March. The conference was co-organised by Deakin University and the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity. The conference chairs were: Prof. Bernard Rolfe (Deakin University), A/Prof. Matthias Weiss (Deakin University), and Prof Jeong Whan Yoon (KAIST/Deakin University).During IDDRG 2024, all engineering aspects of sheet metal forming were discussed, such as behaviour of workpiece materials, formability, tools, tribology, process robustness, simulation methods and experiments. The general theme of IDDRG 2024 was Sustainable Sheet Forming – Circular Economy. International Deep Drawing Research Group The International Deep Drawing Research Group (IDDRG) was started in the late 1950s as an organization of national groups devoted to the study of sheet metal forming including forming processes, materials, formability issues, tooling, tribology and many other interesting aspects of sheet metal forming research and industrial practices.At the IDDRG, the leading sheet metal specialists and researchers from all over the world gather for fruitful discussions on challenging technical topics in forming technology. The conference is designed to provide an open and inspiring environment for knowledge development, discussions and interactions. Conference topics The theme of the IDDRG 2024 conference was Sustainable Sheet Forming – Circular Economy. In addition to the main theme of the conference, topical sessions with the focus on the challenges and current trends in the field of sheet metal forming, such as: fossil-free steel, sustainable/advanced/smart materials, multi-material concepts/solutions, forming/formability, lightweight structures, digital transformation, digitalization, smart plants, smart press shops, cold and hot forming and trimming (incl. single and multi-step forming and trimming), tribology, simulations (incl. material models, topology optimization, tribology, springback compensation, and geometry assurance), testing, testbeds, springback, shape accuracy, geometry assurance, surface quality, tools and dies, and additive manufacturing.There were six additional mini-symposiums organised by internationally renowned experts held at IDDRG 2024:• 1. Material, Process Monitoring and Quality Control in Roll Forming Processes, organized by Matthias Weiss (Deakin University, Australia);• 2. Forming, Joining and Failure of Fuel Cell and Battery Materials, organized by Michael Pereira (Deakin University, Australia), and Jeong Yoon (KAIST/Deakin University, Korea/Australia);• 3. Machine Learning Driven Forming, organized by Hyunsung Choi (Korea Institute of Materials Science, Korea);• 4. Flexible Metal Forming, organized by Namsu Park (Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea);• 5. Innovative Metal Forming Technology, organized by Professor Richard Yang (Western Sydney University, Australia);• 6. Advanced Materials Characterization, organised by Madhav Baral (University of Kentucky, USA).It was the first time to consider fuel cell and battery cell forming, however, given the global conversion to electric vehicles, it is assumed this forming topic may continue at future IDDRG conferences.List of Keynotes, Venue, Chairs, Organising committee, Scientific Committee, Editors, Number of presentations, published scientific papers/first authors, and participants, Technical/Industrial tours, Acknowledgements and Sponsors and exhibitors are available in this pdf.

Inpatient pain assessment and decision-making in internal medicine and general surgery residents: A qualitative analysis

BackgroundUnderstanding physician approaches to pain treatment is a critical component of opioid and analgesic stewardship. Practice patterns learned in residency often persist longitudinally into practice. ObjectiveThis study sought to identify salient factors and themes in how resident physicians assess and manage pain. MethodsVideo-recorded focus groups of internal medicine and general surgery residents were conducted via videoconferencing software. Data were analyzed using a ground theory approach and constant comparative method to identify themes and subthemes. Focus groups occurred in September and October 2020. Results10 focus groups including 35 subjects were conducted. Four general themes emerged: (1) Assessment considerations; (2) Education & Expectations; (3) Systems Factors; and (4) Management considerations. Participants indicated that while it is important to treat pain, its inherently subjective nature makes it difficult to objectively quantify it. The 0–10 numeric rating scale was problematic and infrequently utilized. Patient expectations of no pain following procedures was viewed as particularly challenging. The absence of formal best practices to guide pain assessment and management was noted in every group. Management approaches overall very highly variable, often relying on word-of-mouth relay of the preferences of specific attending physicians. ConclusionsPain is highly nuanced and resident physicians struggle to balance pain's subjectivity with a desire to quantify and appropriately treat it. The 0–10 numeric rating pain scale, though ubiquitous, is problematic. Priority areas of improvement identified include education for both patients and physicians, functional pain scales, and expansion of existing effective resources like the nursing pain team.

Problems of Myanmar Women of Reproductive Age in Accessing Health Services as Migrant Workers in Thailand: A Qualitative Study

Background: The largest portion of migrant labor in Thailand originates from Myanmar, with almost half consisting of female workers. Most female migrant workers (MWs) are of reproductive age and often experience physical illnesses, including pregnancy and childbirth. Although access to prenatal care and delivery services for Myanmar MWs has been previously studied, their challenges in accessing other reproductive health services (HSs) have not yet been explored.Purpose: This study aimed to explore problems in accessing health services experienced by women of reproductive age (WRA) who were members of the Myanmar migrant workforce in Thailand.Methods: The present study employed a qualitative research design. The samples consisted of 20 informants aged 18-49 years old, who were Myanmar WRA working as migrant laborers for more than one year. They were subdivided into two groups: 10 participants provided information through in-depth interviews, and the other 10 participated in focus group discussions, with each group comprising 5 individuals. The researchers selected informants using criterion sampling. Data analysis utilized the Diekelmann and Allen method.Results: The findings revealed two general themes, including care ineligibility and problems in accessing health services. The six major issues among Myanmar WRA include inability to purchase or renew health insurance cards (HICs), HIC or social security wage deduction avoidance, communication issues, hospital inexperience, the transit fare, and admission refusal.Conclusion: Despite available health services, migrant women from Myanmar encounter barriers such as inability to purchase health insurance cards, wage deduction concerns, communication issues, hospital unfamiliarity, transportation expenses, and admission refusal. Addressing these barriers through policy interventions and support mechanisms is crucial for enhancing healthcare access.

Theme‐Driven Social Analysis: Three Approaches

In this article, I present three strategies for building cultural and historical analyses that are driven by broadly relevant social themes rather than particular cases. Each of these strategies represents a different way to approach “concept‐driven sociology,” focusing the researcher on robust and deep‐seated social and cultural forces that underly and shape various actions, events, and experiences occurring at different times and places. Such a thematic analysis requires bringing together multiple cases that illustrate a common social phenomenon despite their substantive differences, while also highlighting those differences and interpreting each case to reinforce the analysis of the general theme at hand. After discussing the relevance of form, process, and culture to thematic analysis, I draw on previous and ongoing research to outline three strategies: (1) formal analytic abstraction, (2) the configuration of analytic subtypes from a master theme, and (3) transcendent historical analysis. While thematic analysis involves illustrating how several otherwise different cases cohere around a common theme, and thus highlighting important similarities among them, I conclude by discussing why we must also take deep analytic dives into the cases we study in order to enhance our understanding of the theme that ties them together.

Count-free Weisfeiler–Leman and group isomorphism

We investigate the power of counting in Group Isomorphism. We first leverage the count-free variant of the Weisfeiler–Leman Version I algorithm for groups [J. Brachter and P. Schweitzer, On the Weisfeiler–Leman dimension of finite groups, in 35th Annual ACM/IEEE Symp. Logic in Computer Science, eds. H. Hermanns, L. Zhang, N. Kobayashi and D. Miller, Saarbrucken, Germany, July 8–11, 2020 (ACM, 2020), pp. 287–300, doi:10.1145/3373718.3394786] in tandem with bounded non-determinism and limited counting to improve the parallel complexity of isomorphism testing for several families of groups. These families include: • Direct products of non-Abelian simple groups. • Coprime extensions, where the normal Hall subgroup is Abelian and the complement is an [Formula: see text]-generated solvable group with solvability class [Formula: see text]. This notably includes instances where the complement is an [Formula: see text]-generated nilpotent group. This problem was previously known to be in [Formula: see text] [Y. Qiao, J. M. N. Sarma and B. Tang, On isomorphism testing of groups with normal Hall subgroups, in Proc. 28th Symp. Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, Dagstuhl Castle, Leibniz Center for Informatics, 2011), pp. 567–578, doi:10.4230/LIPIcs. STACS.2011.567], and the complexity was recently improved to [Formula: see text] [J. A. Grochow and M. Levet, On the parallel complexity of group isomorphism via Weisfeiler–Leman, in 24th Int. Symp. Fundamentals of Computation Theory, eds. H. Fernau and K. Jansen, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 14292, September 18–21, 2023, Trier, Germany (Springer, 2023), pp. 234–247]. • Graphical groups of class 2 and exponent [Formula: see text] [A. H. Mekler, Stability of nilpotent groups of class 2 and prime exponent, J. Symb. Logic 46(4) (1981) 781–788] arising from the CFI and twisted CFI graphs [J.-Y. Cai, M. Fürer and N. Immerman, An optimal lower bound on the number of variables for graph identification, Combinatorica 12(4) (1992) 389–410], respectively. In particular, our work improves upon previous results of Brachter and Schweitzer [On the Weisfeiler–Leman dimension of finite groups, in 35th Annual ACM/IEEE Symp. Logic in Computer Science, eds. H. Hermanns, L. Zhang, N. Kobayashi and D. Miller, Saarbrucken, Germany, July 8–11, 2020 (ACM, 2020), pp. 287–300, doi:10.1145/3373718.3394786]. Notably, each of these families was previously known to be identified by the counting variant of the more powerful Weisfeiler–Leman Version II algorithm. We finally show that the q-ary count-free pebble game is unable to even distinguish Abelian groups. This extends the result of Grochow and Levet (ibid), who established the result in the case of [Formula: see text]. The general theme is that some counting appears necessary to place [Formula: see text] into [Formula: see text].