General Technique Research Articles

General Anestesi Intravena pada Tindakan Debridement dan Tangensial Eksisi Pasien Combustio 13.5% Grade Iia

It was reported that the patient, a 40 year old woman, weighing 53 kg, would undergo debridement and tangential excision. The patient said he had no history of previous illness. The patient also denied a history of allergies and dentures. The patient also does not currently have a cold, cough or fever. Therefore, the patient is classified as ASA I because he has no systemic abnormalities. In this operation, an intravenous general anesthesia technique was used because the duration of the surgery is not long, and it also avoids the effects of inhalation sedation. The patient did not use respiratory assistance and had strict intraoperative monitoring to maintain airway patency.The drugs used are midazolam and fentanyl as pre-medication, and propofol as an induction drug, which is then treated with propofol intermittently. After the operation is complete, the patient is immediately transferred to the recovery room, and his consciousness value is checked using the Aldrette score, which in this patient's score is 10, and therefore, the patient can be transferred to the treatment room.

A review on wear resistance of Mg alloys: the influence of common rare earth alloying elements and general modification techniques

A review on wear resistance of Mg alloys: the influence of common rare earth alloying elements and general modification techniques

Game accessibility for visually impaired people: a review

Playing games is an important way to promote the integration, inclusion, and socialization of participants. This is especially the case of persons with disabilities, such as visually impaired people. Unfortunately, very few games are accessible to such persons. Hopefully, in many digital games, this accessibility can be enabled in principle by assistive technologies, such as screen readers. The aim of this work consists in reviewing the recent literature on game accessibility for people with visual impairment and discussing benefits, limitations, and possible improvements of currently available accessibility solutions. After providing a definition of visual impairment and describing its relationship with gaming, the work reviews general techniques for designing more accessible games. Subsequently, it focuses on specific techniques based on replacing visual stimuli with auditory stimuli (e.g., sonification and sound-source simulation), also presenting some recently proposed sonification-mapping strategies. Then, the application of machine-learning techniques to the development of accessible interfaces for online versions of board games is illustrated by a recent case study. Finally, a discussion and some conclusions are provided, with a particular focus on policy implications of improvements in game accessibility for visually impaired people.

Travelling wave solutions and conservation laws of the (2+1)-dimensional new generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation

In this study, we investigate the travelling wave solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional new generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation by employing Lie group analysis along with various techniques which include direct integration, simplest equation method and Kudryashov’s method. The results obtained consists of periodic, kink, soliton and hyperbolic solutions. The symbolic computation software Maple is used to check the accuracy of all solutions obtained. Finally, 3D, density, and 2D plots of the derived solution are displayed to show the physical appearance of the model. Furthermore, we utilize the general multiplier technique and Ibragimov’s method to derive its conserved vectors. Conservation of energy and momentum, amongst others were found. Conservation laws have many significant uses with regards to integrability, linearization and analysis of solutions.

Translation Techniques Used In Translating Proverbs Related To “NEBU-NEBU” From Karonese Language Into English

This study is aimed to find out the translation techniques used in Translating Proverbs Related to “Nebu-Nebu” from Karonese Language into English Molina and Albir’s translation techniques are applied to translate the proverbs from the source language (SL) into the target language (TL). This study is conducted by Creswell’s descriptive qualitative method. The data is taken from a book entitled Peribahasa (Kuan-KuanenKaro) which is written by Pdt. Sada Kata Ginting Suka and Pdt. Dr. Elieser Perpulungen Ginting. The finding of this study shows that in translating the proverbs, there were literal translation, modulation, amplification, linguistic amplification, description, discursive creation, established equivalent, generalization, and adaptation translation techniques are used in translating the proverbs from Karonese language into English in this study.

Customers’ Attitudes and Perceived Constraints to E-Banking Services: A Survey Study in Albania

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to identify the level of satisfaction of customers of banks in Albania and the perceived limitations that hinder the development of electronic services. The purpose of the work is the analysis of clients’ perception of electronic banking services, the problems of ensuring client satisfaction and the development of proposals for its improvement. The methodological approach hinges on several key components: studying statistical data concerning banking services, conducting two-way analyses to explore variable interactions, conducting surveys to gather user insights, utilizing graphical methods to visualize the results, and employing generalization techniques to summarize research outcomes. The analysis of the development of the banking system of Albania, which showed a significant expansion of electronic services for customers, a substantial increase in the share of electronic transfers in their total number during 2010-2022. A survey of bank customers showed that the availability and flexibility of e-banking services are the most important attributes of their quality; however, there is an impact of perceived limitations on the increase in the number of e-banking users and the need to improve customer service has been proven. Despite the ease and speed of transactions, lower costs and time savings, customers do not rate e-banking as a high-quality service and demonstrate insufficient knowledge about these services. There is a need to improve communication with clients and to reduce costs or provide basic electronic banking services for free. The results and conclusions have practical significance in the development of financial and credit policy by the Government of Albania in the projection of the use of electronic technologies, for bank managers in the planning and marketing of banking services.

Revealing English to Indonesian Humor Translation Techniques in Despicable Me Movie

This research examines translation, specifically the translation of jokes in the Despicable Me film. The goal of this research is to determine the translation techniques employed to preserve the universal humor words in the target text. The study objectives are fulfilled using qualitative methodologies. To get accurate information, the researcher observed both the English and Indonesian versions of the film, identifying humorous terms and classifying them based on translation techniques. This study classifies the data using Molina and Albir's (2002) translation technique theories. The data indicate that the majority of universal humor terms were translated literally, while the remainder were translated using generalization, modulation, borrowing, description, and reduction techniques.

Compressing generalized trajectories of molecular motion for efficient detection of chemical interactions

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation is often used to study properties of various chemical interactions in domains such as drug discovery and development, particularly when executing real experimental studies is costly and/or unsafe. Studying the motion of trajectories of molecules/atoms generated from MD simulations provides a detailed atomic level spatial location of every atom for every time frame in the experiment. The analysis of this data leads to an atomic and molecular level understanding of interactions among the constituents of the system of interest. However, the data is extremely large and poses storage and processing challenges in the querying and analysis of associated atom level motion trajectories. We take a first step towards applying domain-specific generalization techniques for the data representation, subsequently used for applying trajectory compression algorithms towards reducing the storage requirements and speeding up the processing of within-distance queries over MD simulation data. We demonstrate that this generalization-aware compression, when applied to the dataset used in this case study, yields significant improvements in terms of data reduction and processing time without sacrificing the effectiveness of within-distance queries for threshold-based detection of molecular events of interest, such as the formation of Hydrogen Bonds (H-Bonds).

Widening the Scope of Social Science Research to Cover Global Considerations: How “Practicalism” can Help Identify New Vistas in Social Science Research

We begin this paper by describing social sciences research techniques which are an intrinsic and an integral part of general research techniques. As a part of this process, we also describe different types of research such as qualitative and quantitative research, randomized controlled trials, experimental design, quasi- experimental design, cross-sectional studies, and longitudinal studies to the extent they pertain to social sciences research. We also make a reference to several of our previously published papers such as the sociological ninety ten rules, the certainty uncertainty principle for the social sciences, inductive approaches and nomothetic rule building. We then proceed to develop several new concepts such as the importance of the assessment of time lag in social sciences research, and identify various situations where a high time lag is not permissible, is tolerable, and is in fact, highly recommended. We also explore the various types of obsolescence associated with time lag. Last but not the least, we proceed to lay down what we believe are the lacunae and shortcomings of present day social sciences research, and what can be done to overcome them from a global centric perspective. We also present some novel applications of social sciences research. We therefore believe this would constitute an important paper in our globalization of science movement by raising awareness on the importance of social science research techniques in various academic disciplines, and in daily life.

Comparisons of different general anesthetic techniques on immune function in patients undergoing flap reconstruction for oral cancer.

Anesthetic-induced immunosuppression is of particular interest in tumor surgery. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the 4 most common general anesthetic techniques on immune function in patients undergoing flap reconstruction for oral cancer. 116 patients were randomly divided into 4 groups. Patients in group S were given sevoflurane-based anesthesia. Group P was administered propofol-based anesthesia. The SD group received sevoflurane combined with dexmedetomidine anesthesia. The propofol combined with dexmedetomidine anesthesia (PD) group received PD. Blood samples were obtained at 5 time points: baseline (T0), 1 hour after the start of the operation (T1), end of the operation (T2), 24 hours (T3), and 48 hours (T4) after the operation. Lymphocyte subsets (including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and B lymphocytes) and dendritic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Blood glucose, norepinephrine, and cortisol levels were measured using ELISA and a blood gas analyzer respectively. In total, 107 patients were included in the final analysis. Immunological indicators, except CD8+ counts, were all decreased in groups S, P, and SD at T1-4 compared with the baseline value, and the counts of CD3+, CD4+, and dendritic cells, as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratios, were significantly higher in the PD group than in the S, P, and SD at T1-3 (P < .05). There were no significant differences between groups P and SD at any observation time point. Intraoperative stress indices, including norepinephrine and cortisol levels, were significantly lower in the PD group than in the other 3 groups at T1-2 (P < .05). These findings suggest that PD as a probably optimal choice can alleviate immunosuppression in patients undergoing flap reconstruction for oral cancer.

Efficient enhancement of low-rank tensor completion via thin QR decomposition.

Low-rank tensor completion (LRTC), which aims to complete missing entries from tensors with partially observed terms by utilizing the low-rank structure of tensors, has been widely used in various real-world issues. The core tensor nuclear norm minimization (CTNM) method based on Tucker decomposition is one of common LRTC methods. However, the CTNM methods based on Tucker decomposition often have a large computing cost due to the fact that the general factor matrix solving technique involves multiple singular value decompositions (SVDs) in each loop. To address this problem, this article enhances the method and proposes an effective CTNM method based on thin QR decomposition (CTNM-QR) with lower computing complexity. The proposed method extends the CTNM by introducing tensor versions of the auxiliary variables instead of matrices, while using the thin QR decomposition to solve the factor matrix rather than the SVD, which can save the computational complexity and improve the tensor completion accuracy. In addition, the CTNM-QR method's convergence and complexity are analyzed further. Numerous experiments in synthetic data, real color images, and brain MRI data at different missing rates demonstrate that the proposed method not only outperforms in terms of completion accuracy and visualization, but also conducts more efficiently than most state-of-the-art LRTC methods.

Privacy-preserving method for sensitive partitions of electricity consumption data based on hybrid differential privacy and k-anonymity

Abstract With the development of smart grid, traditional privacy protection methods are no longer sufficient to cope with the mining and analysing of users’ electricity consumption data, which can easily lead to the leakage of users’ privacy. In this paper, for the challenge of privacy protection of user electricity data in smart grid, we propose a privacy protection method for sensitive partition of electricity data based on hybrid differential privacy and k-anonymity technique, which identifies pattern-specific quasi-identifiers by random forest technique and divides the data into privacy-invasive and non-privacy-invasive partitions, and adopts the Laplacian noise addition (numerical quasi-identifiers) and data generalisation (sub-types of quasi-identifiers) techniques to achieve differential privacy protection for different partitions. Finally, it is experimentally verified that the method performs better in terms of information reduction accuracy and execution time, effectively striking a balance between protecting user privacy and maintaining data utility.

LEVELS OF FOOD SECURITY: DEFINITION AND FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THEM

Objective. The objective of the study is to determine the levels of food security (individual, household, community, national and global) and to identify the factors that affect food security at each level. Methods. The study used general scientific methods and research techniques: theoretical generalization and comparison (to summarize the definitions of each level of food security), analysis and synthesis (to identify the characteristic factors of influence at each level of food security), deduction-induction (to substantiate each level of food security). Results. It has been determined that the allocation of levels (individual, household, community, national and global) within the theory of food security is based on the definition of food availability, quality and safety. The main factors that affect food security at each level are identified. At the individual level: physical access to food, dietary diversity, social and economic determinants of food access, the broader context of food systems and policies; at the household level: access to adequate food, stability, affordability, nutritional adequacy, utilization, cultural acceptability, sustainability; at the community level: access to food, food availability, food quality, food system sustainability, social justice, food production, emergency reserves, and food security. Improving food security requires concerted efforts at all levels. Global initiatives must be supported by national policies that take into account local circumstances and needs. It is also important to provide support at the individual level through increased income, education and access to social services. A comprehensive approach that combines these measures can significantly improve food security and ensure a healthy future for all people.

Challenges of Thyroidectomy Anaesthesia for a Huge Retrosternal Goitre in a Jehovah’s Witness: A Case Report

In potential haemorrhagic surgical procedures, refusal of allogenic blood infusion poses a challenge to anaesthetists. This report is about a 65-year-old male, of the Jehovah’s Witness (JW) religious sect, known hypertensive, who presented with an anterior neck mass with retrosternal extension of three years. Laboratory investigations were normal, and the haemoglobin concentration was 13gm/dl. He consented to acute normovolaemic haemodilution (ANH). Therefore, two units of blood were drawn and replaced with isoplasma. The patient had a general anaesthesia relaxant technique. Intravenous tranexamic acid, morphine, and paracetamol were administered. A right-lobal thyroidectomy and sternotomy were performed. After securing haemostasis, the two blood units were infused, and the estimated blood loss was 1.5 litres. The surgery lasted for five and a half hours. After surgery, the patient was reversed of the neuromuscular blockade, extubated, transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU), and monitored for 24 hours. He had supplemental oxygenation, analgesia, and other supportive care. He was discharged on postoperative day seven and had attended the outpatient clinic for two months.

Metamodernism Unveiled: A Contemporary Aftereffect in Architecture

In the setting of ecology-based architectural design and post-postmodern sensibility, there's a deflection from the functional rationalism of modernism and the critical discourses of postmodernism, as we continue to create in the alleged Anthropocene era. This shift towards pragmatic societal idealism draws from diachronic oscillations and overlaps between past architectural paradigms. The study aims to research, adapt and discuss metamodernism, which has been previously studied in various disciplines, as an environmentally friendly and authentic after-effect in architecture. It employs a qualitative and exploratory research approach. The conceptual definition of metamodernism as a synthesis of dialectical perspective, is adapted to architecture using comparative content analysis. Metamodernism shares pluralism with postmodernism, but instead of fracturing it like deconstructivism, it seeks continuity as a hopeful opposition to modernism's strict normativity. The metamodern approach emphasizes atmospheric sensitivity, redefining the in-between. Using the analytical generalization technique through preliminary, preparatory and primary case studies, the basic features of metamodernism in architecture are compared on the design synthesis of form, context and program adhering to site-specific geographic and social contexts. It combines organic and artificial elements, addressing building mass, scale, and articulation while synthesizing sustainable, pluralistic programs that bridge the past and present through function, technology, and spatiotemporal organization, stimulating the atmospheric sensitivity. In an era marked by distinct sustainability and ecology concerns, designing with an atmospherically sensitive metamodernist tendency can affect the recognition and memorability of the contemporary architecture.

Evaluating the Geometry of Objects in Cartographic Generalization with Hu's Invariants

ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel approach to assessing the geometry of objects using Hu's invariants in the context of cartographic generalization. The primary focus is to improve the generalization process and produce more readable and informative maps. The study demonstrates the applicability and effectiveness of the modified invariant moment M1* in evaluating regular shape similarity. Experiments, based on 24 shapes, exhibit greater stability in the results and reveal the high suitability of this moment in the investigation and classification of buildings, among other generalization processes. The efficiency of the proposed method is compared to previous generalization techniques, showing a significant improvement in the generalization process. In conclusion, this research contributes to the development of cartographic generalization methods by introducing the use of Hu's invariants for evaluating object geometry. This approach can improve the automation of map generalization processes and more effective communication of geographic information.

Study of the neuroprotective properties of metformin in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and brain injury induced by intracerebral hemorrhage

The aim of this study was to study the effect of metformin (Met) on the formation of the conditional passive avoidance skills, markers of neurogenesis and oxidative stress in the brain of rats with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the setting of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in rats via the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA), ICH – by microinjection of bacterial collagenase into the striatum. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1 – intact animals (n=8), 2 – T2DM (n=9); 3 – T2DM+ICH (n=7); 4 – T2DM+ICH+Met (n=7). The passive avoidance test was used to evaluate behavioural activity. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and lactate were measured by spectrophotometry, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by quantitative fluorescence, level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histopathological examination was performed using general histological staining techniques and immunohistochemical methods for assessment of expression of endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS), Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP43), Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), neural cadherine (N-cadherine) and vascular endothelial cadherine (VE-cadherine). In this study, metformin had nootropic (anti-amnestic) activity and decreased oxidative stress markers (AGEs, AOPPs and 8-OHdG) levels by 29.1% (p&lt;0.001), 24.9% (p&lt;0.015) and 29.3% (p&lt;0.05) respectively, which indicates its positive impact on the course of free radical oxidation reactions intensified by both diabetes and intracerebral hemorrhage. The study provides additional information on neuroprotective properties of metformin and the emphasizes possibility of using metformin in diabetic patients at risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Considering the increase in VE-cadherin expression by the drug, it is possible to predict its positive effect on the function of blood-brain barrier. This study may serve as a reference for the feasibility of studying the clinical efficacy of metformin under these conditions.

The Conceptual and Categorical Apparatus of the Russian Middle Ages: Problems of Modern Interpretation

Introduction. The conceptual and categorical apparatus of medieval political and legal doctrine is currently little studied by the humanities. Unfortunately, it has been ignored by historians of state and law, political and legal doctrines, which often leads to the substitution of terms, their incorrect interpretation and use without taking into account their historical and modern content. Theoretical Basis. Methods. To obtain a scientific result, historical, historical-comparative and hermeneutic research methods, general logical techniques were used. Results. The article critically analyzes the basic concepts of the Russian medieval state and law of the XI–XIII centuries and draws attention to the need to correctly determine their essential properties, signs and patterns. Discussion and Conclusion. The value of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of any, including medieval, political and legal science is justified by the accurate interpretation and use of words and stable phrases expressed in concepts and categories, taking into account their historical content. It is unacceptable to use a modern conceptual and categorical apparatus without proper argumentation in relation to the Russian Middle Ages, since this will lead to the substitution of concepts or their identification, unjustifiably narrowing or expanding their content, and ultimately inadequate scientific conclusions.

Английские эвфемизмы на тему здоровья и болезни

Euphemisms for disease created by means of abbreviation and rhyming slang reflect new capabilities of euphemisms. This research is relevant since such euphemisms are widely used and require a more detailed examination. The article aimed to identify some synonymous euphemistic and dysphemistic names from the arsenal of communicatively correct expressions on the topic of health and illness in English, as well as to provide a sociocultural commentary on euphemisms in the form of rhyming slang and abbreviations characterizing two deadly diseases – cancer and AIDS – and such an unpleasant ailment as haemorrhoids. The key research method used here is descriptive, implemented in the techniques of systematization, generalization and interpretation of language material. The linguistic methods include contextual analysis and semantic interpretation. The topic of health and disease is represented by examples of euphemisms and dysphemisms selected from authoritative dictionaries of euphemisms and general and rhyming slang, as well as English-language fiction. Euphemisms and dysphemisms serve as an effective way to overcome taboos; they are used to smooth out unpleasant moments and “cover up” sensitive issues for the interlocutor, provided that the exact meaning of the statement can be guessed. In particular, the author selected euphemisms for cancer, AIDS and haemorrhoids in the form of rhyming slang and abbreviation since they had been overlooked by specialists in English euphemisms, which brings an element of novelty to the study of modern English euphemisms. Euphemisms associated with rhyming slang in Englishspeaking countries constitute a promising area of research. The main points and conclusions of this paper can be used when discussing euphemisms during lectures and seminars on the theory of language, lexicology, stylistics, text interpretation, and cross-cultural communication.

Economic consequences of inland waterway disruptions in the Upper Mississippi River region in a changing climate

Inland waterway locks have become significant bottlenecks in waterway networks worldwide due to the disruptions caused by aging infrastructure and climate change. While these locks have traditionally received attention for traffic issues, the disruptive impact on the regional economy remains unclear. This study addresses this knowledge gap by assessing the economic impacts of inland water transportation system failures, specifically focusing on disruptions in agricultural commodities within the Upper Mississippi River–Illinois River (UMR–IR) region. These disruptions encompass both unscheduled climate-induced extreme weather events and scheduled maintenance and repair work due to internal system failure. To capture the spatial interdependence between the regional economy and shipping rate changes caused by disruptions, we developed an integrated modeling approach. This approach combines spatial econometric modeling and multi-regional computable general equilibrium modeling techniques. Detailed weekly data from 2013 to 2021, including variations in inland barge rates and environmental conditions, were utilized. The assessment reveals that lock closure events in the UMR-IR region have severe economic consequences, impacting both the region itself and beyond. Conversely, transportation resilience achieved through modal substitution from barge to rail services during disruptive events can substantially reduce GDP losses. Specifically, such resilience measures can reduce GDP losses in the UMR-IR region by 6.6–24.2% and in the rest of the USA by 5.2–19.5%. Overall, these research findings carry significant implications for future planning and investment in inland waterway systems.