General System Structure Research Articles

Análise das práticas de produtores em sistemas de produção leiteiros e seus resultados na produção e qualidade do leite

There was carried a research with 18 dairy systems aiming typify these farms concerning their zootechnical conduct and comparing that against the production and quality indicators of the milk as a product. The study was placed in northwest Parana state region, in five municipalities. Data was obtained using DRP – Fast Participative Diagnosis, by means of an interview. Milk was sampled in each farm and analyzed as follows. Data analysis was made using a multivariate techniques Multilple Correspondence Analysis and Cluster’s Analysis. Were obtained four homogeneous groups (clusters) concerning to conduct that influenced (p<0,05) the quality and production indicators of the milk. This was obtained using analysis of variance with clusters as factors and milk variables as response variables. There were identified four distinct dairy farmer profiles. These concerning to: general structure of the dairy system, technologic level and possibility of continuity of dairy farming related to farmer’s age. The actions of technical assistance must be adequate to those profiles but not homogenized, like is usual in our context, for reach many dairy farms as possible and make these production systems.

Stakeholders involvement by HTA Organisations: Why is so different?

ObjectiveTo investigate stakeholder involvement by Health Technology Assessment Organisations (HTAOs) in France, Spain, England and Wales, Germany, Sweden, and The Netherlands and to examine whether this involvement depends on (i) the administrative tradition and the relevant conception of the relationship between state and society (contractarian and corporative vs. organic), (ii) the general structure of the healthcare system (HCS) (Bismarckian vs. Beveridgian system), and (iii) the role of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and HTAOs in the HCS. MethodsGiven the exploratory nature of the study, we considered interviews based on semi-structured questionnaires the most appropriate data-gathering technique. The interviews were administered to 16 key personnel in the HTAOs concerned. We have also carried out a literature review on HTAOs and stakeholders (1999–2011) using PubMed, Ebsco, JSTOR and Wiley Science. ResultsIn contractarian and (to a lesser extent) Bismarckian models, stakeholders are more involved. The administrative tradition and the HCS appear less important when the HTA is binding and used for regulatory purposes. In such situations, stakeholders are more intensively involved because their participation provides an opportunity for HTAOs to achieve consensus and legitimacy in advance. ConclusionsDespite the limitations of the research (we did not conduct multiple interviews for each HTAO, and key informants were not always available) and its exploratory nature, we can conclude that models of stakeholders involvement cannot easily be transferred from one country to another due to the importance of national administrative traditions and the characteristics of HCSs.

COMPARISON EDUCATION SYSTEMS OF DENMARK AND TURKEY AT PRIMARY LEVEL

COMPARISON EDUCATION SYSTEMS OF DENMARK AND TURKEY AT PRIMARY LEVEL

Design and Realization of Mine Water-Inrush Visualization Simulation System

There exists a high risk of water-inrush in mining activities. Therefore, it is critical to develop a conceptual model of Mine Water-inrush, especially for the underground environment. The general structure of Mine Water-inrush Simulation System consists of core network, the underground monitoring network, and the operational system. Through the application of data processing system, simulation system and the application system, the original data can be processed. The results is then passed to the operators and managers, which require them increase the understanding of factors leading to accidents and consequently take action to improve mining safety. This new water-inrush model captures three characteristics to regard the mine water-inrush: the inrush sources, inrush process, and submerging process. Virtual length has been applied to the model, which is combined with a Traversal Algorithm, can be used to calculate the area of increased influence over time for each process. Based on the collected data from a real mine, the underground excavations and a virtual water-inrush disaster process were simulated, which shows that the system operates reliably.

Koinocystididae and Gnathorhynchidae (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela: &lt;br /&gt;Kalyptorhynchia) from the Galapagos, with the description of three new species

Seven species of eukalyptorhynch flatworms from the Galapagos Islands are reported. Six of them belong to the taxon Koinocystididae Meixner, 1924, three of which are new to science. Two of these new species can be attributed to the genus Itaipusa Marcus, 1949 based on the construction of the prostate vesicle and the general structure of the female system. Itaipusa biglandula n. sp. is characterised by a very short, muscular, unarmed penis papilla, whereas I. renei n. sp. is characterised by the presence of a cirrus armed with minute scales, and two large, blunt hooks in the male atrium. The third new species cannot be placed in any existing taxon and therefore a new genus is erected: Galapagetula annikae n. gen. n. sp.. It is characterised by a straight and rather long cirrus, armed with small spines, and a clearly bipartite bursa in the female system. Additional morphological information is given for the three known species of Koinocystididae: I. divae Marcus, 1949; I. variodentata (Karling, Mack-Fira &amp; Dörjes, 1972) Karling, 1978 and Utelga heinckei (Attems, 1897) Karling, 1954. For I. divae a new locality from Curaçao is also mentioned. The seventh species is a species of Gnathorhynchidae: Prognathorhynchus eurytuba Ax &amp; Armonies, 1987, for which new morphological information on the organisation of the genital system is given.

Symbolic identification for fault detection in aircraft gas turbine engines

This article presents a robust and computationally inexpensive technique of component-level fault detection in aircraft gas-turbine engines. The underlying algorithm is based on a recently developed statistical pattern recognition tool, symbolic dynamic filtering (SDF), that is built upon symbolization of sensor time series data. Fault detection involves abstraction of a language-theoretic description from a general dynamical system structure, using state space embedding of output data streams and discretization of the resultant pseudo-state and input spaces. System identification is achieved through grammatical inference based on the generated symbol sequences. The deviation of the plant output from the nominal estimated language yields a metric for fault detection. The algorithm is validated for both single- and multiple-component faults on a simulation test-bed that is built upon the NASA C-MAPSS model of a generic commercial aircraft engine.

The YAP Prolog system

AbstractYet Another Prolog (YAP) is a Prolog system originally developed in the mid-eighties and that has been under almost constant development since then. This paper presents the general structure and design of the YAP system, focusing on three important contributions to the Logic Programming community. First, it describes the main techniques used in YAP to achieve an efficient Prolog engine. Second, most Logic Programming systems have a rather limited indexing algorithm. YAP contributes to this area by providing a dynamic indexing mechanism, or just-in-time indexer. Third, a important contribution of the YAP system has been the integration of both or-parallelism and tabling in a single Logic Programming system.

The fine structure of the female reproductive system of Zorotypus caudelli Karny (Zoraptera)

The general structure of the female genital system of Zorotypus caudelli is described. The ovarioles are of the panoistic type. Due to the reduction of the envelope (tunica externa) the ovarioles are in direct contact with the hemolymph like in some other insect groups, Plecoptera included. The calices are much larger in Z. caudelli then in Zorotypus hubbardi and their epithelial cells produce large amounts of secretions, probably protecting the surface of the eggs deposited on the substrate. Eggs taken from the calyx bear a series of long fringes, which are missing in the eggs found in the ovariole, and in other zorapteran species. The long sperm of Z. caudelli and the long spermathecal duct are likely related to a sexual isolating mechanism (cryptic female choice), impeding female re-mating. The apical receptacle and the spermathecal duct - both of ectodermal origin - consist of three cell types. In addition to the cells beneath the cuticle lining the lumen, two other cell types are visible: secretory and canal cells. The cytoplasm of the former is rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum cisterns and Golgi complexes, which produce numerous discrete dense secretory bodies. These products are released into the receiving canal crossing the extracellular cavity of secretory cells, extending over a series of long microvilli. The secretion is transported towards the lumen of the apical receptacle of the spermatheca or to that of the spermathecal duct by a connecting canal formed by the canal cells. It is enriched by material produced by the slender canal cells. Before mating, the sperm cells are enveloped by a thick glycocalyx produced at the level of the male accessory glands, but it is absent when they have reached the apical receptacle, and also in the spermathecal duct lumen. It is likely removed by secretions of the spermatheca. The eggs are fertilized at the level of the common oviduct where the spermathecal duct opens. Two micropyles at the dorsal side of the equator level possibly facilitate fertilization. The presence of these two micropyles is a presumably derived feature shared with Phasmatodea. The fine structure of the female reproductive system of Z. caudelli does not allow to assess the phylogenetic position at the present stage of knowledge. The enlarged calyx and the temporary presence of long fringes on the eggs are potential autapomorphies of Z. caudelli or may indicate relationships with other Zorotypus species.

Testing of composite materials using advanced NDT methods

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present capabilities of terahertz imaging technology in case of various composite materials and to propose a new defect detection algorithm.Design/methodology/approachThis paper first discusses an applicability of the terahertz technique in composite materials inspection. It then describes source of terahertz radiation (photoconductive antenna) and general structure of terahertz time domain imaging system. Next the terahertz imaging results of composite anticorrosion coating, glass‐ and carbon‐fiber‐reinforced laminates are presented. Then the signal processing and identification scheme based on time domain A‐scan signal equalization and C‐scan thresholding is presented. Data processed in this way are parameterized and defect identification database is prepared. The proposed procedure is verified using the exemplary inspection results of glass‐fiber laminate delamination. Finally, some comparison of terahertz time domain inspection with low energy digital radiography is presented.FindingsThis paper shows terahertz imaging as a well‐suited technique for composite structures inspection. The terahertz imaging results of composite anticorrosion coating, glass‐ and carbon‐fiber‐reinforced laminates are presented. An application of proposed signal processing algorithm enables accurate defects detection and effective data collection for identification database purpose.Originality/valueThe paper provides an insight into the potential of terahertz imaging of various composite structures. Proposed signal processing and defects detection scheme is applicable to wide range of composite structures.

Research on the Knowledge Base System of Rolling Bearings

The representation method of rolling bearings knowledge and general structure of knowledge base system are put forward by researching on the knowledge characteristics of rolling bearings fields. A knowledge base system of rolling bearings that is propitious to the knowledge’s acquirement, abstraction, storage, share, application and innovation is built by combining with the technology of knowledge based engineering and expert system, which provides support for intelligent design of rolling bearings.

Propulsion Control of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle overcomes the shortage of Battery Electric Vehicle, which uses only battery as its power source and has a short range. No warming-up process and free from carno cycle, Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle(FCEV) has a high energy convert efficiency and is friendly to environment. Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle does not have these advantages. At the same time FCEV still keeps the acceleration performance, high speed, long distance running, safety and comfort as traditional IC Engine Vehicle. Fuel cell is the power source of a Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle, it converts the chemistry energy into electric energy directly, and then the electric energy drive the electrical machine to make the vehicle move. FCEV's complete power train has four kinds of propulsion mode, they are fuel cell(FC) mode, fuel cell and battery mode(FC+B), fuel cell and capacitance(FC+C) mode and fuel cell and battery and capacitance(FC+B+C) mode. The fourth (F+B+C) can satisfy the start, acceleration, force and efficiency demand of braking of a vehicle to the maximum top, but the cost is the highest, the structure and control are the most complex. The general structure of the FCEV's complete power train system is the FC+B combination mode

PROPOSAL FOR NAVIGATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SMALL UAV

The article presents the project of UAV control system realized at Department of Avionics and Control Systems of Rzeszów University of Technology. The project is based on earlier experiences. In the article general structure of the onboard control system is shown as well as the structure of control station. There are described in proposed control and navigation procedures as well as human factor, failure detection and system reconfiguration. Santrauka Šiame straipsnyje aprašomas bepiločiu orlaiviu kontroles sistemos projekto lgyvendinimas Ržešovo technologijos universiteto Aviadjos prietaisu ir kontroles sistemu katedroje. Projektas atliktas remiantis ankstesne patirtimi. Pateikta ne tik borto sistemu bendroji struktūra, bet ir kontroles stočiu struktūra. Darbe nagrinejamas žmogaus veiksnys, gedimu aptikimas ir sistemu rekonfigūravimas pasiūlytose kontroles ir navigacijos procedūrose.

Aspects Concerning Voice Cognitive Control Systems for Mobile Robots

In this paper we present a general structure of a cognitive control system that allows a mobile robot to behave semi-autonomously while receiving tasks through vocal commands. Furthermore, the paper contains an analysis of human robot interfaces, voice interface systems and cognitive systems. The main purpose is to identify the optimum structure of a mobile robot control platform and determine the outlines within which this solution will be developed. The mobile robot using such a solution will operate in the services and leisure domain, and therefore the specifications for the cognitive system will be tailored to the needs of such applications.

Optimal Input Design for Model Discrimination Based on Kullback Divergence

The optimal input design problem has been discussed for efficient order determination of autoregressive models under the input power constraint. By solving a mathematical programming problem, auto-caovariance sequence of an optimal input is derived, which maximizes the time-average of the Kullback divergence to make difference of the models bigger without making much effect on the original system behavior. The proposed approach is based on the sequential comparison of the AIC, and it can be applied to find the model structure of general linear time-invariant discrete-time systems.

Functional and Operational Structures of the Motorway Telematics System

Functional and Operational Structures of the Motorway Telematics System The paper presents the issues relating to the identification of functional and operational structures of the motorway telematics system. General functional structure of the motorway telematics system has been presented, as well as its components used for transmission, transfer and reception of information. Then, the information flow process has been shown for a selected group of telematics services during the tolling process.

인공우주물체 추적용 완전 개폐형 돔의 설계 및 구조해석

We have been making dual dome enclosures which are useful to track artificial space objects at SSNT (Space Science and Technology Lab.) Kyung Hee University. We verified the safety of the dome enclosures using basic design and structure analyses before manufacturing them, and then performed an optimization analysis for economic and safe systems. The dome enclosure has a fully-open type structure to smoothly operate a telescope made in the style of altazimuth mount with very fast tracking. It is also designed to be safe against extreme weather conditions. The general structure of the observatory system consists of the dual dome enclosures at the top of a container. For the structural analyses, we consider the following two methods: (1) gravitational sustain analysis - how the structure supporting the dome withstand the weight of the dome, and (2) wind load analysis that considers the effect of the wind velocity at the region where the observatory is located. The result of overall deformation is found to be less than 0.551mm and the result of equivalent stress is found to be 20.293Mpa, indicating that the dual dome system is reasonably designed. This means structurally to be safe.

Community-based Linking of Biological Network Resources: Databases, Formats and Tools

Summary The analysis of biological networks is increasingly important in the life sciences and in particular in systems biology. Computer-based analysis tools are exploited for the investigation of these networks. However, to find relevant data sources can be a time-consuming task, access to information changes, frequently it is not obvious to a user which tools can be used in combination with specific data sources, and network data is often not available in a format directly usable by analysis tools. To assist in collecting information about biological network data sources, and to help in investigating possible combinations of data sources and analysis software, we created BiNCo-wiki. BiNCo-wiki is a wiki system that stores information related to biological networks and allows all users to add or modify this information in an easy way. The collaborative character of a wiki system supports easy sharing of information and allows the community-based extension of the information already stored in BiNCo-wiki. We describe the general structure and functionality of the system and its initial content. BiNCo-wiki is accessible, free of charge, athttp://pgrc.ipkgatersleben.de/ BiNCO-wiki.

OPTICAL FLOW NAVIGATION FOR AN OUTDOOR UAV USING A WIDE ANGLE MONO CAMERA AND DEM MATCHING

Visual navigation for low altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) shows many scientific and technical challenges in terms of navigation performances, complex 3D environment, high computational requirements for real-time image processing and very limited onboard mass and power resources.The current paper presents a concept of a visual navigation system, based on a wide angle mono camera as vision sensor and matching of the recovered and reference 3D environment, modeled by a digital elevation map (DEM). The recovered 3D models are being produced by real-time optical flow processing of the navigation camera images. An embedded optical correlator is introduced, which allows a robust and ultra high-speed optical flow processing under different and even unfavorable illumination conditions. The proposed concept can be augmented by any state-of-the art navigation aids, e.g. GPS, IMU, magnetometers. The current paper discusses the general principles and structure of the navigation system as a vision only system, i.e. without any additional navigation aids, and with instantaneous determination of the vehicle state, i.e. without time filtering. The paper gives also detailed end-to-end visual navigation performance results, based on a detailed software simulation model of the visual navigation system, including the optical correlator as the key component for ultra-high speed image processing.

CONCEPT OF AN ACTIVE FRONT-LIGHTING DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM

This paper presents the general idea and structure of an active front-lighting system that creates an optimal adaptive light distribution that prevents the glaring of other road users and marks hazard potentials. The concept represents a mechatronic system consisting of sensors, actuator, information processing, and a mechanical basic structure. In addition to the functional structure and basic organization of the information processing, hardware considerations for the implementation of the sensor and actuator side are shown.

Control and navigation aspects of a group of walking robots

The properties of the software part of a control system implemented in walking robots are described. The paper presents also the navigation method elaborated for a family of hexapods. The general structure of the programming system is given together with the functional description of the system modules. The event-based action scheme of the central part of the system responsible for data distribution and high level navigation is addressed in detail.