General Scientific Methods Research Articles

ACTIVITIES OF NON-STATE MILITARY INSTITUTIONS: ECONOMIC ASPECT

The subject of the study is the economic aspect of the activities of non-state military institutions (private military companies), in particular, the increased demand for the services provided by them, and the state regulation of their activities by national legislation of leading foreign countries and international acts. The methodological basis of the study is modern general scientific methods (systemic and structural, formal and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, generalisation, comparative); special methods (historical and legal). The purpose of the study is to analyse the economic aspect of non-state military institutions, based on the analysis of scientific works, experience of leading foreign countries and international practice, as well as the analysis of domestic draft laws on legalisation of military consulting activities in Ukraine. In the course of the study, the authors analysed the works of scholars who have studied various aspects of private military campaigns (legal, economic, security) and their regulation in foreign countries, as well as international legal norms on the regulation of the activities under study. In addition, the authors critically analysed domestic draft laws on legalisation, state regulation and supervision (control) over the activities of non-state military institutions in Ukraine. As a result of the study, it was established that the emergence of draft laws on the legalisation of the activities of non-state military institutions, their state regulation and supervision in Ukraine, on the one hand, is due to the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which began in 2014. On the other hand, the economic consequences of privatisation in many industries and the need to compare the costs of the state's functions, including security, with the benefits received. Under such conditions, the business environment has demanded the introduction of a promising business activity and business sector – military consulting. Recently, this demand has been reinforced by the availability of a significant number of highly professional military specialists with experience and willingness to participate in relevant operations, including abroad. It is also understood that the demand for the services of non-state military institutions and the possibility of starting such activities in foreign countries where they are legalised will lead to an outflow of qualified specialists for employment abroad, and a loss of human resources and state budget revenues in the form of taxes paid by military consulting entities. At the same time, the existence of such entities in the country will help to improve the level of training of military personnel in the context of Russia's large-scale armed aggression against Ukraine by attracting specialists with relevant experience and willingness to engage in this type of business activity. In the post-war period, the existence of this type of legal activity will solve the problem of employment of former military personnel who wish to continue to work officially in the military and receive decent wages, and thus reduce social tensions in the economic sector.

Introduction of a guaranteed basic income as a probable consequence of intellctual automation of labor

Objective: to form a holistic view of the unconditional basic income as a tool of social protection, taking into account the changes in the labor sphere and allowing to solve a number of growing problems associated with the consequences of the economy digitalization, as well as to assess the prospects of creating legal regulation on this issue. Methods: the study was conducted using both general and specific scientific methods, including analysis and synthesis, formal-legal method, systemic and comparative approaches, methods of legal forecasting and legal modeling. Results: unconditional basic income can become one of the elements of a new model of social security based on the unstable nature of labor relations, which begins to prevail over the model of sustainable employment traditional for industrial society. If established, this institution will be cross-sectoral within the labor law and social security law, providing social protection simultaneously to all members of society, most of whom in the near future will face an increased risk of being absorbed by technological unemployment. Unconditional basic income as an element of the social protection system will have to comply with the principle of the universal nature of protection based on social solidarity, on the one hand, and to take into account the need to balance the interests of the parties, on the other hand. As experimental models of basic income, which can be put into practice in the coming years, we can name the model of basic income as a measure of social support for persons involved in atypical forms of employment. This model will affect a number of existing provisions of labor legislation and will allow over time, in case of technological unemployment, to expand the circle of unconditional basic income recipients to all people. Scientific novelty: it consists in the fact that the unconditional basic income is analyzed from the viewpoint of its compliance with the fundamental principles of labor, employment, and social security. Practical significance: it consists in revealing the significance of basic income for the implementation of social policy and in forming recommendations for modeling experiments to introduce the unconditional basic income in the Russian Federation.

Assessment and comparison of tourist potential and public ratings of regions for the regional tourist market development (by the example of Orel region)

Objective: to develop and test the method of estimating a tourism potential of regions, the method of comparing them with public ratings of regions; to diagnose problem areas of management when forming the regional market of tourist services and justify recommendations for its development. Methods: general scientific and general logical methods, analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization; statistical and correlation analysis. Results: the paper presents the author’s method of constructing summary estimates of the regions’ tourism potential, integrating official statistical indicators. Due to the introduction of dimensionless relative values, the difficulties of accounting for different-sized indicators were resolved. The obtained estimates were used to form an objective idea of the strength of the regions’ tourism potential, to compare them, to assess the opportunities and determine the prospects for tourism development in the region. Since one of the obstacles in solving this task is low public ratings, it is important to be able to compare them with objective assessments. For this purpose, we have developed and tested a method of comparing the summary estimates of the regions’ tourism potential with their ratings, in particular, with the values of the National Tourism Rating – 2022. As a result, by the example of Orel region, the disproportions were revealed that indicate the inefficient use of the region’s tourism potential. Based on the analysis of the regional strategies implementation, programs and practices of tourism organization and problem areas of management, recommendations are formulated, the implementation of which guarantees the economic development of the region and tourism sphere. Scientific novelty: the method of constructing summary estimates of the regions’ tourism potential is developed; the method of comparing the summary estimates of tourism potential with public ratings of regions is proposed and tested. The disproportions in assessments and ratings are substantiated quantitatively. The problem areas of management in the formation of the regional tourist services market are diagnosed; recommendations for its development are given. Practical significance: the study results can be used by business entities and authorities to formulate strategies and programs of regional development; the presented method of comparing the tourism potential and ratings of regions can be used in scientific, pedagogical and research activities.

State policy of Russia to promote youth employment under the modern challenges

Objective: to systematize and develop ideas about the improvement of the Russian state policy to promote youth employment. Methods: the work is based on the analysis of literature and normative-legal documents using general scientific methods of cognition. Results: the paper reveals the legal bases for the activities of Russian authorities in the field of promoting youth employment and developing labor market. It is shown that, despite the variety of measures, young people still face serious barriers to successful career starting and stable employment in general. The analysis summarizes the priority areas of action to overcome the most pressing problems, including: loose regulation of the status of a young specialist; limited statistics; low awareness of young people about the situation on the labor market; mismatch between the personnel produced and the current needs of the economy, etc. The conclusion emphasizes the importance to summarizing the accumulated experience and practical application of the most beneficial solutions, taking into account the specifics of the Russian labor market. Scientific novelty: the conducted research contributes to the development of theoretical and practical issues of promoting youth employment, including the deepening of ideas about the main barriers to stable employment and measures to overcome them. Practical significance: the study results can be used, first of all, in the practice of public administration at any level to improve the policy to promote youth employment.

Order Management in the Era of Customization

The economic growth and development of the country largely depends on success in the main industries, where mechanical engineering plays a key role. The economies of different countries rely on industrial enterprises that satisfy people’s needs through the production of goods and services. To ensure competitiveness in a dynamically changing market, continuous improvement and development of enterprises is required. In the current conditions, mechanical engineering enterprises increasingly need to adapt to each individual customer, which in turn forces them to rebuild enterprises to the parameters typical for single or small-scale production. The production process is the joint work of tools, equipment and personnel through which products are produced. The complexity of the process of releasing new products is due to the involvement of a large number of departments involved in this process. Order execution is based primarily on the management of production systems. One of the most important processes in enterprise management is the order management process.The purpose of this study is to determine the methods of optimizing the order management process and reducing the influence of the internal cooperation factor on the increase of the period of its implementation at machine-building enterprises. As a methodological basis such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, comparison and contrast were used. As the information base, the article analyzes the works of modern authors who consider the issues of order management and such an element of the organizational structure as internal cooperation between departments, their influence on the internal processes of the enterprise and the timing of order execution. The features of the planning process for a single type of production are considered. In the course of the work, the main reasons for the shift in previously determined order completion dates, the most important indicators for order fulfillment, the peculiarities of the planning process at the unit type of production were considered, as well as the most frequently encountered problems during project implementation were identified. In connection with the trend towards changes and development of enterprises, in terms of changes in order management processes for customized products, an increase in the number of created enterprises and an increase in the share of customized products, a conclusion was made about the relevance of studying the order management process in a single type of production at machine-building enterprises. Conclusions are drawn about the need for further study of the issues under consideration. The materials can be used in companies in the real sector of the economy, in administrative structures and in the educational process.

Digital transformation as a factor in the sustainable functioning of enterprises

Subject. This article deals with the issues of formation of a mechanism that ensures the stable functioning of the enterprise. Objectives. The article aims to find options to improve the level of sustainable operation of the enterprise in the context of digital transformation. Methods. For the study, we used the general scientific research methods. Results. Based on a consideration of the most significant provisions of the industrialization, sustainability, and informatization theories, the article reveals their interrelations. It also notes the most common indicators of transaction costs, which can determine the level of informatization of the enterprise and set a vector for its digital transformation. Forming a mechanism that ensures stable functioning of the enterprise requires taking into account transaction costs. Conclusions. The prospects for further research are related to the determination of new multiplicative indicators of digital transformation.

Linguistic projection of ethnostereotyping of advice in languages with different structures

The article is a comparative study of linguistic objectification of ethno-stereotypical features associated with the speech act of advice in languages with different structures. In the process of intercultural communication, an important mission is performed by politeness, which contributes to the establishment of friendly and favorable relations between communicants. The speech act of advice as one of the forms of linguistic objectification of the category of politeness is also a condition for maintaining social reciprocity. At the same time, the projection of this phenomenon in language in different cultural spaces varies. In the article based on the material of three differently structured Kabardino-Circassian, Russian and English languages, using a comprehensive research methodology, including general scientific and linguistic methods, such as methods of comparative, component, contextual, etymological analysis, interpretation and generalization, the specifics of the work of national thinking in linguistic actualization of the concept of advice are studied. The analysis of languages with different structures revealed universal and nationally specific features of the Kabardino-Circassian, Russian and English linguocultures, in particular, culturally determined stereotyping associated with the speech act of advice in the framework of ensuring social reciprocity. A comparative study of languages with different structures made it possible to identify the features of each language that could remain undiscovered during the autonomous study of individual languages. The introduction of new language material into scientific use promotes further research in linguoculturology.

THE INFLUENCE OF INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS ON SOCIAL MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COUNTRY’S SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Goat. The work is focused on studying the influence of the characteristic features of industries on the practice of public management of human capital in the context of the socio-economic development of the country. Method. The work uses general scientific, general philosophical and interdisciplinary methods: system-structural, structural-functional and comparative analysis. The study is based on a systematic approach and comparison. Results. The work contains an analysis of the influence of industry characteristics on the social management of human capital. The role and significance of industry factors in the formation of social management strategies and increasing the efficiency of the country's socio-economic development are determined. The scientific novelty. In the process of studying the influence of industry characteristics on the social management of human capital, the levels of management of social systems at the micro level were determined, and the main requirements of industry needs for human capital in the context of the social management of an enterprise were identified. The practical significance. Taking into account industry characteristics in social management will improve the efficiency of strategic planning and human capital management, contributing to the sustainable socio-economic development of the country.

Outlines of a State policy for sustainable education

Subject. This article analyzes the peculiarities of the behavior of complex socio-economic systems, which include the education system. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the Sustainability (S) and Resilience (R) ability concepts. Methods. For the study, we used the general scientific research methods. Results. The article finds that from the point of view of the development of the education system, the concept of Resilience (R), which is characterized by an increase in the ability of complex systems to change synchronously with the needs of society, is the most preferable. Conclusions. The system of educational trajectories should be flexible, which will help get prepared for possible changes and act in new conditions.

ESG transformation of water supply and sewerage enterprises in the Russian Federation to achieve sustainable development goals

Subject. This article discusses the issues of modernization of water supply and sewerage systems, housing and communal services as a whole, and the problem of rational use of water resources. Objectives. The article aims to determine areas for the development of water supply and wastewater disposal organizations, and develop mechanisms to reduce the negative impact of industry enterprises on the environment. Methods. For the study, I used the general scientific research methods. Results. The article finds that the key task of the industry is to reduce the depreciation of fixed assets. It is necessary to reduce water consumption and losses in production processes and during transportation. Conclusions. The introduction of green technologies will help increase the investment attractiveness of the industry. The Government of the Russian Federation considers water supply and wastewater disposal as a priority sector that ensure the country's sustainable development.

National labor market and labor remuneration regulatory considerations: Trends in the main indicators

Subject. This article discusses the issues of improving the standard of living, developing national human capital, and forming a socially oriented State policy. Objectives. The article aims to identify trends in the development of the national labor market based on statistical data for the period 2018–2022, and determine the peculiarities of the statutory regulation of labor relations in terms of remuneration of employees. Methods. For the study, we used the general scientific research methods. Results. Based on the analysis of changes in official statistical indicators, the article identifies the successes, challenges, problems and threats faced by the Russian labor market. Conclusions. The results of the study can be used when designing a policy in the field of labor and employment. The statutory regulation of remuneration needs to be improved.

Evolution of the theory and practice of spatial development

Subject. This article analyzes the impact of the country's spatial development on economic indicators. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the theoretical concepts and cases of practical implementation of the policy of area's spatial development. Methods. For the study, we used the general scientific research methods. Results. Based on the analysis of the main provisions of the theories of the location of productive forces, central places, growth poles and axes, the article finds that the current Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025 is declarative in nature. Conclusions. The article concludes that the integration of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025 with the State program Balanced Regional Development will contribute to the spatial development of the regions of Russia.

MAIN PROBLEMS OF ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE IN DIGITAL SPACE

The authors characterise the concept of ‟digital space”, describe its meaning and distribution parameters. The periods of the history of the origin and formation of the digital space during the information technology revolution are considered. The main groups of processes taking place in the digital space and having the strongest impact on the sustainable development of the state are highlighted. The risks for the sustainable development of the state in the context of the use of highly efficient means of processing and transmitting information, the formation of a ‟digital society”, as well as the use of artificial intelligence in public administration are described. The methodological basis of the work is the general scientific methods of logical, comparative legal, normative legal analysis. The possibilities of an interdisciplinary approach to research are used. The author’s definition of the concept of ‟digital space” is formulated and the main conceptual provisions for the draft law of the Federal Law proposed by the authors are formulated.

Political and Legal Dimension of the Prospects for Ukraine's Invitation to NATO

The purpose of the research is to reveal the possibilities of inviting Ukraine to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in the context of the escalation of Russian aggression. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematicity, scientificity, verification, authorial objectivity, moderate narrative constructivism, as well as the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic ) methods. The scientific novelty is that for the first time in historiography, the current prospects of Ukraine's invitation to NATO have been considered. Conclusions. Accession to NATO is a constitutionally enshrined main priority of Ukraine, a fundamental condition for its survival. Today, the political elite of Ukraine and Western governments are unanimous on the issue of Ukraine's membership in NATO. The Russian-Ukrainian war acts as an arena in which the political and military strategies of the global West are formed and break into the intentions of those world forces that promote anti-democratic values and, using Western technologies, intend to play a leading role in world civilization. The further development of the world system depends on Ukraine for a long period, and possibly for centuries to come. The need to invite Ukraine to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is due to the possibility of overcoming the global crisis of international security. In favor of the rapid Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine, the uniqueness of the military experience in the large-scale modern war against powerful Russia, the removal of the financial burden from the NATO members, the demonstration of the unity of the Alliance and the ability to respond to modern challenges testify. Ukraine demonstrates commitment to high spiritual values, such as freedom, independence, dignity and self-respect, on which the Alliance is built. Thanks to its armed forces and active civil society, it deserves NATO membership.

The global approaches to the regulation of quantum communication

In the rapidly evolving field of quantum communication, the regulatory framework plays a crucial role in ensuring security, standardization, and international cooperation. This article examines various approaches employed by countries to regulate quantum communication. The purpose of this research is to comprehensively analyze and compare different international approaches to the regulation of quantum communication to identify key features characteristic of the current stage of development and regulation of quantum communication, as well as to develop recommendations for optimizing and improving regulatory governance in this area. The methodological basis of the study consisted of general scientific and special methods. A detailed study of various legal documents, strategies, and standards related to quantum communication was conducted using the following general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, and system analysis. Among the special legal methods used was the comparative legal method, which made it possible to identify general trends, differences, and unique approaches in the regulation of quantum communication, as well as the formal-legal method for studying legal categories and legislative techniques used in various acts in the studied area. The study systematically examines legislative measures, government policies, and industry standards to determine the relationship between technological innovation and regulatory governance in the field of quantum communication. The research revealed that the regulation of quantum communication is primarily carried out at the level of strategic documents, such as national roadmaps, which contain recommendations and guidelines for regulating quantum communication. It was found that technical standards play a vital role in the development of quantum communication, with this development occurring at both national and international levels. Special groups and centers have been established for the effective implementation, development, and regulation of quantum communication, which allows for the identification of social, legal, political, and ethical issues. The main conclusions include the need to monitor administrative barriers, identify priority sectors for the implementation of quantum communication, and recognize quantum communication as a dual-use technology. It is recommended that an international certification and tracking system be created for quantum communication devices for export and import control purposes.

E-Commerce: Theoretical and Epistemological Aspect

The radical innovations that led to the structural modernization of the world economy were affected by the development of the digital economy and its main components, among which it is essential to single out e-commerce. After all, it gradually begins to play an important role in the field of trade and the economy, primarily due to its importance and practical use of the assets of scientific and technological progress. Therefore, conducting scientific research to deepen its theoretical and epistemological foundations is timely, allowing us to comprehensively understand its essence and outline the main advantages that various subjects of the national economy receive from its spread. The article aims to clarify the main approaches to understanding the essence of the "electronic commerce" concept, which will allow us to comprehensively characterize the gains from its spread, which society receive. To achieve the goal, several general scientific and specific methods of cognition were used, including analysis and synthesis, content analysis, and systematization. During the study, it was found that the emergence of electronic commerce relates to the active use of the Internet for data transfer and exchange, the development of digital technologies. As a result of the analysis of the scientific literature, five main approaches to its understanding were identified: functional, interactive, component, structural, and static. The value of e-commerce is determined by its advantages because it can create additional impulses for the development of the economy. E-commerce faces certain risks, early consideration of which will allow for minimizing potential losses and creating additional impulses for its growth. In general, digitalization and the active involvement of ICT in economic relations fundamentally change established ways of doing business, affecting not only the increased speed and scale of trade, improved interaction between entities, and allowing companies to enter international markets using new technologies.

Methodological Principles and Approaches for the Formation of Creative Self-Expression Skills in Older Preschool Children in the Process of Artistic and Aesthetic Activity

Introduction. The article is devoted to the substantiation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the process of formation of creative self-expression skills in preschool children in the process of artistic and aesthetic activity, which allow to identify patterns and principles, as well as prospects for the development of the studied direction in the pedagogy of preschool childhood. Methodology. The article provides an analysis of the content of key methodological provisions based on the analysis of scientific sources on the problem of research, as well as general scientific methods of analysis, generalization and synthesis. Results. The article analyzes the “mechanisms” of the formation of creative self-expression skills in children of preschool and primary school age in the process of artistic and aesthetic activity; a detailed justification of the three selected approaches (systemic, culturological, subject-activity) and principles (cultural conformity, dialogic, integrative artistic and aesthetic development of reality, emotional openness, value-semantic orientation of artistic and aesthetic activity, empathic interaction, polysubjectivity), which form the methodological basis of the study, is presented. Conclusions. For the first time, the paper reveals the initial methodological foundations of the process of formation of creative self-expression skills in preschool children in the process of artistic and aesthetic activity, making a significant contribution to the expansion of scientific ideas about the creative self-disclosure of a child by means of artistic and creative activity. The expediency of using systemic, culturological, subject-activity approaches as a methodological basis for the formation of creative self-expression skills in older preschool children in the process of artistic and aesthetic activity is substantiated. It is shown how the general ideas of these approaches are implemented through the holistic implementation of a number of provisions and principles.

Digital tools for territory branding

Territory branding is actively used for the deve­lopment and promotion of villages, towns, cities, regions, and countries in the modern world. And if earlier traditional marketing tools were enough for effective branding and promo­tion, today it is mandatory to use digital mar­keting methods and tools. The aim of the article is to substantiate and systematize digital ma­rketing methods and tools for territory branding. When conducting the research, general scientific and special methods were used: dialectical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative analysis, grouping, structural-logi­cal, logical generalization of results, as well as graphic. The essence, the principles and func­tions of territory branding have been determi­ned. Segments of the target audience for the promotion of territory brands have been identi­fied, such as: investors, entrepreneurs, the popu­lation, tourists. The brand development direc­tions of Ukraine and its territories are outlined. The internal and external factors of the marke­ting environment of territories are highlighted and the concept of territory branding in the digi­tal environment has been given. Digital chan­nels, methods and tools of territory branding are substantiated and systematized.

Theoretical approaches to the reproduction of the fixed assets of industrial enterprises

The process of reproduction of fixed assets is of great significance to industrial enterprises. Currently, scientific literature contains various viewpoints on the definition of the categories of “fixed assets” and “reproduction”. Moreover, the peculiarities of the stages of reproduction cycle in the industrial sphere are not disclosed in proper detail. The purpose of the study is to analyze and systematize theoretical approaches to the content of the conceptual apparatus of the problem of reproduction of fixed assets with the consideration of the specificity of the stages of the process at the industrial enterprises. The object of the study is the process of reproduction of fixed assets of industrial enterprises. The research is based on the combination of general scientific and special methods which were applied to ensure the reliability and objectivity of the research results. During the research the authors used methods of comparative analysis, generalization, systematization, analysis and synthesis, and grouping. As the result of theoretical overview of the categories of “fixed assets”, “reproduction”, “reproduction of fixed assets” the authors suggest the definition of the “reproduction of fixed assets of industrial enterprises” concept which is connected with the basic peculiarities of the stages of the reproduction cycle and the ways of their implementation at the industrial enterprises. Comprehension of the basic characteristics of fixed assets and the mechanism of their reproduction are crucial for making managerial decisions which is especially important for planning production processes in the conditions of reindustrialization, import substitution and growing sanction pressure on the Russian economy. A perspective direction for further studies is development of detailed recommendations on realization of the stages of the reproduction cycle at the industrial enterprises under the current conditions.

International Experience of Personnel Selection in the Conditions of the Digital Environment, War and Sustainable Development: Social and Corporate Responsibility of Employers for the Non-Transparent Hiring Process

The article represents an attempt to outline ad systematize peculiarities of landscape and practices of personnel selection in the conditions of BANI-environment with the influence of continuous digital transformation, war conflicts, and sustainable development. General scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization constituted the methodological base of research. It was revealed that one of the most successful vectors of personnel selection within sustainable HRM today is talent marketplaces.