General Review Research Articles

Characterizing Real-World Implementation of Consumer Wearables for the Detection of Undiagnosed Atrial Fibrillation in Clinical Practice: Targeted Literature Review

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is often undiagnosed because of lack of awareness and frequent asymptomatic presentation. As AF is associated with increased risk of stroke, early detection is clinically relevant. Several consumer wearable devices (CWDs) have been cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration for irregular heart rhythm detection suggestive of AF. However, recommendations for the use of CWDs for AF detection in clinical practice, especially with regard to pathways for workflows and clinical decisions, remain lacking. Objective We conducted a targeted literature review to identify articles on CWDs characterizing the current state of wearable technology for AF detection, identifying approaches to implementing CWDs into the clinical workflow, and characterizing provider and patient perspectives on CWDs for patients at risk of AF. Methods PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, UpToDate Clinical Reference, and DynaMed were searched for articles in English published between January 2016 and July 2023. The searches used predefined Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, keywords, and search strings. Articles of interest were specifically on CWDs; articles on ambulatory monitoring tools, tools available by prescription, or handheld devices were excluded. Search results were reviewed for relevancy and discussed among the authors for inclusion. A qualitative analysis was conducted and themes relevant to our study objectives were identified. Results A total of 31 articles met inclusion criteria: 7 (23%) medical society reports or guidelines, 4 (13%) general reviews, 5 (16%) systematic reviews, 5 (16%) health care provider surveys, 7 (23%) consumer or patient surveys or interviews, and 3 (10%) analytical reports. Despite recognition of CWDs by medical societies, detailed guidelines regarding CWDs for AF detection were limited, as was the availability of clinical tools. A main theme was the lack of pragmatic studies assessing real-world implementation of CWDs for AF detection. Clinicians expressed concerns about data overload; potential for false positives; reimbursement issues; and the need for clinical tools such as care pathways and guidelines, preferably developed or endorsed by professional organizations. Patient-facing challenges included device costs and variability in digital literacy or technology acceptance. Conclusions This targeted literature review highlights the lack of a comprehensive body of literature guiding real-world implementation of CWDs for AF detection and provides insights for informing additional research and developing appropriate tools and resources for incorporating these devices into clinical practice. The results should also provide an impetus for the active involvement of medical societies and other health care stakeholders in developing appropriate tools and resources for guiding the real-world use of CWDs for AF detection. These resources should target clinicians, patients, and health care systems with the goal of facilitating clinician or patient engagement and using an evidence-based approach for establishing guidelines or frameworks for administrative workflows and patient care pathways.

QSPR in molecular spaces: ordering data, {de- & re-} constructing molecular similarity matrices, building their isometric vectors defining statistical-like momenta of molecular polyhedra, and analyzing the structure of a quantum QSPR operator

A general review of quantum molecular similarity structure and applications is presented. The backbone of the discussion corresponds to the general problem of the data structure associated with the mathematical representation of a molecular set. How to standardize, and how to compare it to any other problem. This computational track describes the exact isometric vectors of the similarity matrix in a Minkowskian space. The further aim is to construct a set of origin-shifted vectors forming the vertices of a molecular polyhedron. From here, one can calculate a set of statistical-like momenta, providing a set of scalars that describe in a compact form the attached molecular set. Finally, the definition of a quantum QSPR operator permits building up a system of equations that can be further employed to determine the unknown properties of molecules in the original set. This last achievement leads to a quantum QSPR algorithm comparable with the classical QSPR counterpart but described in molecular space, not parameter space.

Chinese national music platformisation: A systematic review

Chinese national music is unique to China, and in the past, the single means of distribution and the audience led to the fact that knowledge of Chinese culture and history was limited to national musicians and a subset of fans. With the rapid development of the internet, the dissemination of Chinese national music is no longer limited to live performances, but is beginning to shift to media platforms. Social media has had a tremendous impact on Chinese music culture; people can search for any information they need about Chinese music. With the advancement of social media, groups of internet celebrities such as wanghong (网红) have formed on the internet. This study systematically reviews platformisation and the social media in Chinese national music. Past literature and current notions on Chinese national music development under platformisation are examined given the essentiality of smart devices in developing music through digital technology. The study posed three research questions: 1.What is the current state of development of Chinese national music? What opportunities does platformisation bring to Chinese national music? 2.What areas are the focus for research on platformisation and social media? What is the impact on the music field? 3.What is the history of the development of the Chinese wanghong phenomenon? What impact has it made on Chinese national music? A general systematic review of scholarly articles was conducted for this study using multiple publications from reputable databases: Scopus, Web of Science and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). The articles were categorised based on scholarly works involving platforms, platformisation, Chinese national music, social media, and wanghong to determine past study profiles in this domain and relevant knowledge gaps.

Features, functions, and quality of mobile applications for type 2 diabetes care in China: Systematic search of app stores

BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2DM) is highly prevalent in China, affecting over 114 million people. While mHealth interventions have shown promise, there is limited research on T2DM management apps in real-world app stores. ObjectiveThis study aimed to systematically search and analyze T2DM care mobile apps in the Chinese market, describing their features, and functions, and evaluating the quality of the most popular apps using validated tools. MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search in Chinese Android and iOS app stores for T2DM management apps. We downloaded 138 eligible ones for a general review of their key features and function. We also assessed the quality of the top 20 apps from both platforms using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) by both researcher and patient. ResultsA total of 3524 apps were searched. 138 eligible apps were downloaded for general review and 29 popular apps were included for quality assessment. Most apps were designed for patient users (87.0 %) and developed by commercial companies (85.5 %). Common functions included blood glucose monitoring, diabetes education, integration with measuring devices, medication adherence reminders, teleconsultation services, and diabetes risk factor tracking. The researcher's evaluation yielded an average MARS score of 4.0 out of 5 for popular apps, with subscale scores of functionalities (4.5), aesthetics (4.1), engagement (3.7), and information (3.6). However, patient ratings were lower in functionality (3.5), aesthetics (3.4), and engagement (2.6), and the patient faced difficulties with information-related items. Similar trends were observed in subject quality items. ConclusionApp developers should engage caregivers, and family members as target users, and involve government agencies as partners to improve T2DM management apps. Future apps should incorporate scientifically proven advanced functions to enhance their effectiveness. The quality assessment highlighted weaknesses in engagement and information and the importance of user-centric approaches in app development.

Borderline Personality Disorder: Pertinent Review of Etiology, Impact, and Comparison of Treatments

Between 1% and 3% of the population suffers with borderline personality disorder (BPD), and those who have it are more likely to take their own lives or injure themselves. Moreover, violence exists among families and interpersonal relationships involved by BPD patients, which massively affects people around them. Using PsychInfo and Google Scholar, this article reviews the research on BPD in the general population that was published between the years 2000 and 2023 in scholarly publications. The complex biopsychosocial factors that add to the occurrence of BPD in the general population and discusses evidence-based treatment options for managing symptoms are highlighted. Different treatments are suitable for different ages and gender groups and also target different symptoms. Additionally, the review offers recommendations for effective online treatment during the pandemic era. Psychiatrists can use this report to gain insights on improving their therapies, while the general population can benefit from a general review of BPD and possible family support with patients.

Integration Green Chemistry into Learning Process

This research aims to synthesize the related research with green chemistry as the topic which focuses on chemistry learning research in the recent ten years from various Scopus journals and proceedings focusing on the recent ten years. After doing the searching on the national and international reputable databases by using the relevance key pattern (Pattern 1: “green chemistry” “green chemistry learning”; Pattern 2: “green chemistry” “curricula”; Pattern 3: “green chemistry” “chemistry education), from 20 relevant articles to be systematically reviewed. The systematic goal is to result in the general review and knowledge for teachers about the integration of green chemistry in the learning process. At the middle school level, the integration of green chemistry through project-based practicum activities, textbooks, modules, and games. The result shows that the chemistry topic which can be integrated with green chemistry is by making soap, fossil fuels, recycling processes, environmental problems arising from the use of fuel, chemical reactions, and plastic waste. While 12 green principles in some articles are discussed thoroughly while others don’t. There are only 5 or 6 green chemistry principles integrated either in modules, games, and practicum activities. By doing the research, it is expected to give knowledge to the teachers related to green chemistry integration in the process of learning to support the Merdeka curriculum in chemistry learning.

Educational data mining: Methods and applications

Educational data mining is a rapidly growing field that applies various statistical and data mining techniques to analyze educational data. This paper provides a general review of the literature on educational data mining, focusing on the methods and applications. Methods used in education data mining include classification and clustering. A classification algorithm is a supervised learning technique that seeks to categorize a given set of data objects into specified categories, build a classification model using the input data that already exists, and then apply the model to categorize new data items. The Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, Neural Network, and K-Nearest Neighbors have commonly employed classification algorithms in educational data mining. Clustering is unsupervised learning, whose objective is to divide a collection of data objects into various groups, where samples within a cluster exhibit a high level of resemblance and those between clusters are dissimilar. In educational data mining, the K-means Clustering Algorithm, Grid-Based Clustering, and Hierarchical Clustering are common clustering techniques. Those data mining algorithms are used in education such as student behavior prediction, student bad behavior detection, and student grouping. Overall, this research demonstrates that education data mining has a significant potential to improve educational programmers and student results. To solve the legal and privacy issues associated with the collecting and use of educational data, however, more research and solutions are required.

General Review of Flaps in Breast Reconstructive Surgery

Breast reconstructive surgery, a pivotal aspect of breast cancer management, has witnessed considerable advancements over the years. Flaps, in particular, have become an indispensable tool in this field. This bibliographic review explores the epidemiology, significance, theoretical framework, encompassing definition, risk factors, complications, and management of flaps in breast reconstructive surgery. The discussion delves into emerging techniques and sheds light on the future of this critical aspect of surgical practice.

Overcoming diagnostic challenges of artificial intelligence in pathology and radiology: Innovative solutions and strategies

The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought about significant changes in the fields of pathology and radiology, particularly in the area of diagnostic accuracy. Although AI has enormous potential for enhancing the precision and effectiveness of diagnosis, it also presents an array of challenges. This review article examines the diagnostic challenges of AI in pathology and radiology. The article begins by giving a general review of AI and its potential applications in pathology and radiology. It then discusses the challenges posed by AI in the areas of data quality, generalization, interpretability, and hardware limitations. The article also explores the ethical and regulatory implications of AI in diagnostic settings, including issues of bias and transparency. Finally, the article offers potential solutions to address these challenges, such as standardization of AI algorithms, data sharing initiatives, saliency mapping, adversarial training of algorithms, cloud computing, edge computing, hybrid approaches, and increased collaboration between human experts and AI systems. Overall, this review highlights the critical importance of addressing the diagnostic challenges of AI in pathology and radiology to make sure AI is able to achieve its potential to enhance patient care.

Exploring the World of Membrane Proteins: Techniques and Methods for Understanding Structure, Function, and Dynamics.

In eukaryotic cells, membrane proteins play a crucial role. They fall into three categories: intrinsic proteins, extrinsic proteins, and proteins that are essential to the human genome (30% of which is devoted to encoding them). Hydrophobic interactions inside the membrane serve to stabilize integral proteins, which span the lipid bilayer. This review investigates a number of computational and experimental methods used to study membrane proteins. It encompasses a variety of technologies, including electrophoresis, X-ray crystallography, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), biophysical methods, computational methods, and artificial intelligence. The link between structure and function of membrane proteins has been better understood thanks to these approaches, which also hold great promise for future study in the field. The significance of fusing artificial intelligence with experimental data to improve our comprehension of membrane protein biology is also covered in this paper. This effort aims to shed light on the complexity of membrane protein biology by investigating a variety of experimental and computational methods. Overall, the goal of this review is to emphasize how crucial it is to understand the functions of membrane proteins in eukaryotic cells. It gives a general review of the numerous methods used to look into these crucial elements and highlights the demand for multidisciplinary approaches to advance our understanding.

A Review on Niosomes Novel Drug Delivery System

The management of infectious illnesses and vaccination practises has experienced a revolutionary change in recent years. With the development of biotechnology and genetic engineering, not only have numerous biologicals targeted at certain diseases been created, but focus has also been placed on the efficient delivery of these biologicals. As an alternative to liposomes, niosomes are vesicles made of non-ionic surfactants that are biodegradable, more harmless, more stable, and less costly. This article examines the present growth and enlargement of interest in niosomes throughout a variety of scientific fields, with a focus on their use in medicine. Additionally, this article gives a general review of niosome preparation methods, niosome kinds, niosome characterization, and niosome applications.

Considering Socio-Technical Parameters in Energy System Models—The Current Status and Next Steps

The energy transition is a complex development towards a climate-neutral, economic, safe, and fair energy system. Therefore, numerical energy system models, among others, can make a significant contribution by simulating, optimizing and thus demonstrating possible transition pathways. Representative models and forecasting tools are needed to illustrate the next necessary steps and measures for the various target groups. In the literature, such energy system models have been studied and evaluated many times. This paper presents the approaches of previous reviews and analyses of how technical, economic, and social aspects of energy system models have been investigated so far. It is shown that especially recent studies already address this topic, but still receive insufficient recognition. Besides the general structural features, the technical modeling details were evaluated in the previous literature. Thereby, a part of the examined general reviews assesses the representation of consumer behavior in the models as a representative for social system aspects. Only a minor amount of the energy system models analyzed there per se represent consumer behavior. Furthermore, this article identifies possible linking strategies of social science parameters and energy system models from the literature based on their opportunities and challenges. This analysis forms a basis on which the already established majority of techno-economic energy system models can be extended in order to provide a more holistic view of the energy system. To do so, further research and development to improve future interdisciplinary processes are required.

Improving the operational efficiency of water desalination systems through the integration of GIS-SCADA

ABSTRACT The overlap of different fields has made it easy to introduce a real development of new technologies. New techniques used in the water sector are introduced; the importance of integration with each other will be increased to work as one unit with more efficiency and effectiveness. Integrating the real-time control of a supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) and the data management and analysis capabilities of a geographic information system (GIS) can assist operators and decision-makers in disaster response and better system control. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential use of SCADA in conjunction with GIS to control and manage a water desalination plant network. The aid of the developed integrated system in the management of a water desalination system can be accessed on an interactive single dashboard for the network to simulate real situations through the data collected at each site that can be provided in real-time by SCADA, in addition to the results of analysis of these data that help to take the right decision and deliver the instructions thereon directly to the field devices to deal with any case of emergencies. In addition, this paper introduces an implementation approach of a new category of decision-support tools based on the integration of GIS and SCADA in implemented water desalination plants at the National Water Research Center (NWRC). A general review of both systems including their potentials in water desalination systems and the possibility of integration with each other has been introduced. This study demonstrates how integrating GIS and SCADA into a single dashboard can aid in data acquisition and provide a better understanding of the communication between the various sites and systems’ facility administration, despite the fact that such integration is uncommon because both systems use different IT platforms.

Optimal management of cardiac surgery patients using direct oral anticoagulants: recommendations for clinical practice.

Literature is scarce on the management of patients using direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) undergoing elective, urgent and emergency surgery. Therefore, we summarize the current evidence and provide literature-based recommendations for the management of patients on DOACs in the perioperative phase. A general literature review was conducted on the pharmacology of DOACs and for recommendations on the management of cardiac surgical patients on DOACs. Additionally, we performed a systematic review for studies on the use of direct DOAC reversal agents in the emergency cardiac surgical setting. When surgery is elective, the DOAC cessation strategy is relatively straightforward and should be adapted to the renal function. The same approach applies to urgent cases, but additional DOAC activity drug level monitoring tests may be useful. In emergency cases, idarucizumab can be safely administered to patients on dabigatran in any of the perioperative phases. However, andexanet alfa, which is not registered for perioperative use, should not be administered in the preoperative phase to reverse the effect of factor Xa inhibitors, as it may induce temporary heparin resistance. Finally, the administration of (activated) prothrombin complex concentrate may be considered in all patients on DOACs, and such concentrates are generally readily available. DOACs offer several advantages over vitamin K antagonists, but care must be taken in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Although elective and urgent cases can be managed relatively straightforwardly, the management of emergency cases requires particular attention.

Tourism as a Tool of Women Empowerment: A General Review

Tourism is an applicable tool of community development through the women empowerment. The development of tourism in a specified community zone empowers the people from social, economic, political, and psychological dimensions. The paper aims to identify tourism as a tool of women empowerment in community development. To identify tourism as a tool to women empowerment it needs in-depth analysis of issues from intense literature review. It is an intense review of the study on, Tourism as a Tool of Women Empowerment: A General Review. In conclusion, the study identify tourism can be a perfect or a complete tool of women empowerment in any specified community. The identity of the community, culture of hospitality, rites and rituals, household prayers and worship, and livelihood strategies, are the main tourism attractions, in every household is led by women in most of the society.

Financing of the health protection system from the Republic of Moldova in the previous period of the COVID-19 epidemic

The COVID-19 epidemic demonstrated the solvency of health systems in different countries and highlighted weaknesses in a crisis. Now, in the Republic of Moldova, the problems have been overcome with the help of the international community, but the need for a general review of the structure and functionality of the health system, through the lens of preparation for other possible public health emergencies, is indisputable. The description of the financing flow of the health system elucidated the elements, which require discussion and changes, which have not taken place to date, regarding the routine activity of the health system. We can conclude that the health system is not fully oriented to the real needs of the population and there are no applicable mechanisms for calculating the subtleties necessary for health protection.

Temperature dependence of the electron-drift anisotropy and implications for the electron-drift model

The electron drift in germanium detectors is modeled making many assumptions. Confronted with data, these assumptions have to be revisited. The temperature dependence of the drift of electrons was studied in detail for an n-type segmented point-contact germanium detector. The detector was mounted in a temperature controlled, electrically cooled cryostat. Surface events were induced with collimated 81 keV photons from a 133Ba source. A detailed analysis of the rise time of pulses collected in surface scans, performed at different temperatures, is presented. The longitudinal anisotropy of the electron drift decreases with rising temperature. A new approach, making use of designated rise-time windows determined by simulations using SolidStateDetectors.jl, was used to isolate the longitudinal drift of electrons along different axes to quantify this observation. The measured temperature dependence of the longitudinal drift velocities combined with the standard electron-drift model as widely used in relevant simulation packages results in unphysical predictions. A modification of the electron-drift model based on assuming phonons to be the dominating scattering centers for electrons is motivated and described. The results of a first implementation of the modified model in SolidStateDetectors.jl are shown. They describe the temperature dependence of the data reasonably well. A general review of the model and the standard input values for mobilities is suggested.

A general review on the identification and detection of saliva for forensic testing

Saliva is the biological evidence that is most frequently discovered at crime scenes. Because it is clear, there will be no indication that the liquid has been altered by the offender. Saliva is often utilized as biological evidence in forensics and is particularly useful in identifying a person's sex, ABO blood type, uniqueness, biomarkers, microbiological signature, or habits. The importance of saliva as essential forensic evidence and the numerous ways it can appear at a crime scene are covered in this review article. Over past few decades, various collecting and detection techniques have been discussed. The data that is now accessible have been attempted to be gathered, showing the benefits and drawbacks of various identification methods. All of the published and reported literature from 1980s through 2023 has been consulted to gather the pertinent facts. Forensic casework's main objective is to identify evidence to lay the foundation for additional inquiry. Saliva can be found as a puddle or stained substance, however, because to its transparency, its identification is difficult. The discovery and description of numerous proposed approaches or techniques over the years has aided in detecting and recognizing saliva as confirmation.

Interpretations of the Role of Plasma Albumin in Prognostic Indices: A Literature Review.

This review assesses how publications interpret factors that influence the serum or plasma albumin (PA) level in prognostic indices, focusing on inflammation and nutrition. On PubMed, a search for "albumin AND prognosis" yielded 23,919 results. From these records, prognostic indices were retrieved, and their names were used as search strings on PubMed. Indices found in 10 or more original research articles were included. The same search strings, restricted to "Review" or "Systematic review", retrieved yielded on the indices. The data comprised the 10 latest original research articles and up to 10 of the latest reviews. Thirty indices had 294 original research articles (6 covering two indices) and 131 reviews, most of which were from recent years. A total of 106 articles related the PA level to inflammation, and 136 related the PA level to nutrition. For the reviews, the equivalent numbers were 54 and 65. In conclusion, more publications mention the PA level as a marker of nutrition rather than inflammation. This is in contrast to several general reviews on albumin and nutritional guidelines, which state that the PA level is a marker of inflammation but not nutrition. Hypoalbuminemia should prompt clinicians to focus on the inflammatory aspects in their patients.

Independent Review, Miscarriages of Justice, and Computer Evidence

Brian Altman KC reviewed unreliable expert evidence on the Horizon software system. The Post Office denied, including to Parliament, that there was any evidence of miscarriages of justice revealed before the Court of Appeal in 2021. In his review, Brian Altman KC indicated the prosecutions was fundamentally sound; this paper looks at the quality of the judgments arrived at to come to that conclusion. 
 Index words: Altman General review; Post Office Limited; Horizon IT system; unreliable evidence; Clarke Advice; Swift Review; Bates litigation; Hamilton appeals