General-purpose Computer System Research Articles

A Data Normalization Technique for Detecting Cyber Attacks on UAVs

The data analysis subsystem of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) includes two main modules: a data acquisition module for data processing and a normalization module. One of the main features of an adaptive UAV protection system is the analysis of its cyber-physical parameters. An attack on a general-purpose computer system mainly affects the integrity, confidentiality and availability of important information. By contrast, an attack on a Cyber-Physical System (CPS), such as a UAV, affects the functionality of the system and may disrupt its operation, ultimately preventing it from fulfilling its tasks correctly. Cyber-physical parameters are the internal parameters of a system node, including the states of its computing resources, data storage, actuators and sensor system. Here, we develop a data normalization technique that additionally allows us to identify the signs of a cyber-attack. In addition, we define sets of parameters that can highlight an attack and define a new database format to support intrusion detection for UAVs. To achieve these goals, we performed an experimental study of the impact of attacks on UAV parameters and developed a software module for collecting data from UAVs, as well as a technique for normalizing and presenting data for detecting attacks on UAVs. Data analysis and the evaluation of the quality of a parameter (whether the parameter changes normally, or abrupt anomalous changes are observed) are facilitated by converting different types of data to the same format. The resulting formalized CPS model allows us to identify the nature of an attack and its potential impact on UAV subsystems. In the future, such a model could be the basis of a CPS digital twin in terms of security. The presented normalization technique supports processing raw data, as well as classifying data sets for their use in machine learning (ML) analyses in the future. The data normalization technique can also help to immediately determine the presence and signs of an attack, which allows classifying raw data automatically by dividing it into different categories. Such a technique could form the basis of an intrusion detection system for CPSs. Thus, the obtained results can be used to classify attacks, including attack detection systems based on machine learning methods, and the data normalization technique can be used as an independent method for detecting attacks.

컬러 프린터 영상의 모폴로지 특징과 지도 학습 모델 분류기를 활용한 위변조 지폐 판별 알고리즘

Due to the popularization of high-performance capturing equipments and the emergence of powerful image-editing softwares, it is easy to make high-quality counterfeit money. However, the probability of detecting counterfeit money to the general public is extremely low and the detection device is expensive. In this paper, a counterfeit money detection algorithm using a general purpose scanner and computer system is proposed. First, the printing features of color printers are calculated using morphological operations and gray-level co-occurrence matrix. Then, these features are used to train a support vector machine classifier. This trained classifier is applied for identifying either original or counterfeit money. In the experiment, we measured the detection rate between the original and counterfeit money. Also, the printing source was identified. The proposed algorithm was compared with the algorithm using wiener filter to identify color printing source. The accuracy for identifying counterfeit money was 91.92%. The accuracy for identifying the printing source was over 94.5%. The results support that the proposed algorithm performs better than previous researches.Keywords:Counterfeit Money Detection, Morphological Feature, Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix, Supervised Learning Model Classifier

Design of Virtual Machine Monitor for Embedded Systems

Recently virtualization has been one of the most popular research topics in system software area. While there are many commercial virtualization products for general-purpose computer system, little efforts are made to virtualize embedded system. In this paper, we design and implement a virtual machine monitor which divides each physical hardware resource of an embedded system into logical ones and reorganizes them into many virtual machines so that several real-time operating systems run concurrently on a single embedded system. We measure various performance metrics of the virtual machine monitor developed on a real embedded system. The results of the measurement study show that our virtual machine monitor has enough potentiality of its application to real-world embedded systems.

Rational function distribution in computer system architectures: key to stable and secure platforms

Many problems faced in implementing computer-based system applications are related to the deployment of commercially available general-purpose computer system platforms. In the provisioning application software products and services, the platforms have often proven to be the most unreliable, costly, and risk-laden system element. There are historical reasons for the current problems that must be understood in order to map out a path for a future where stable and secure platforms can be provided as reliable commercially available system elements. This paper extends a model of function distribution between various hardware and software levels from a previously published result (Lawson, Function distribution in computer system architectures, presented at the 3rd Annu. Symp. Computer Architecture, 1976). After a review of the revised model, related principles are reapplied to the current situation. Alternative paths that can lead to stable and secure computer platforms via the rational distribution of functions are presented. Finally, the need for as well as the potential impact of autonomic computing is described

Visual discrimination learning of group-housed goats at an automated learning device

Abstract. A general purpose computer system for behavioral conditioning experiments, the "Fields-Monitor", was developed and has been in use for several years. The set-up allows flexible stimulus presentations and rewards for different kinds of learning behavior in animals. It enables training and testing of animals even under group housing conditions which prevent the social isolation and possible distorting influences resulting from the experimenter or from the time of the day (the test animals visit the learning device whenever they want). Thus, it eliminates most of the stress factors known to decrease learning success. Using this device, 160 dwarf goats were trained for visual discrimination of four stimulus patterns (simple geometric figures, Roman letters) presented simultaneously. One of these patterns was rewarded with a small portion of water after each correct choice. A comparison of mean learning curves in the three consecutive tests showed that in the second and third test successful learning started earlier and reached a higher level (70–80% correct choices as early as the 5–6th Test Day) than in Test 1 (about 60% correct choices at the 10th Test Day). The coefficient of variation of average learning success for 10 days was 28.4, 18.7, 16.8 % in Test 1–3 respectively, indicating great differences between the animals. All animals could use the learning equipment voluntarily over several weeks, without any social deprivation.

Zum Einfluss der Trainingsmethode auf das Lernverhalten von Zwergziegen am Computer

Abstract. Title of the paper: The Influence of training methods on learning behaviour of dwarf goats on an automatic learning device In learning experiments with 67 Dwarf Goat kids on a general purpose Computer system for behavioural conditioning experiments, named "Field Monitor", it was tested, how to train successful animals on automated learning devices. Using 4 simultaneously offered visual Stimuli whose arrangement varies randomly in consecutive offers, a substantial side preference (a subject chose one side more frequently than the other) was frequently developed by the test animals. Such behavioural strategy could be effectively overcome by a special Software which presented for some test intervals only the non rewarded S- patterns on the preferred side.

Der Feldermonitor – eine neue Möglichkeit der Lernforschung mit Tieren und Ergebnisse bei visuellen Differenzierungsaufgaben von Zwergziegen

Abstract. Title of the paper: A general purpose Computer system for behavioral conditioning experiments, named "Feldermonitor" – a new possibility for learning experiments with animals and results of visual discrimination tasks in dwarf goats The precise and automatised testing of sensoric as well as cognitive abilities of pets and livestock becomes increasingly important regarding both, the objecitve evaluation of their welfare and the develpoment of new automatic animal management facilities. The learning apparatus, named Feldermonitor and introduced here, proved to be a valuable apparatus for leaming experiments allowing continuous testing of leaming behaviour of animals under group as well as individual housing conditions. The developed hard and soft ware enables the tested animals to choose simultaneously among up to 12 options, which will confront them with a maximum of four elements of rewarding, informing or sanctioning. The experiments described were performed with dwarf goats. The animals were tested using simultaneous discrimination tasks with two or four Stimuli and being rewarded with small portions of water after each success. Comparing mean learning curves it can be shown, that in case of consecutive leaming tests, successful leaming Starts eariier as well as faster with each additionally performed test. The rapidity of leaming increases also, if different discrimination tasks are offered consecutively. The coefficient of variation for learning success among animals was 10 to 20%, indicating high individual differences.

Learning operating systems structure and implementation through the MPS computer system simulator

Lab activity is fundamental for the real understanding of several computer science topics such as operating systems. We have built our own hardware emulator after using software tools from other Universities for several years. MPS is a general-purpose computer system simulator based on MIPS R3000 processor. Together with the main processor, RAM, ROM, disks, tapes, printer and terminal interfaces are carefully emulated and fully configurable; non-volatile memory units may be retained between simulations.MPS features a full-fledged graphic user interface running under X Window, complete sources and documentation. Along with it we present TINA, an experimental project on operating system development, together with several other project proposals.

A general-purpose computer system for behavioral conditioning and neural recording experiments

A computer system designed to control the delivery of stimuli and data acquisition during behavioral conditioning and neural recording experiments is described. This IBM-PC-compatible system is programmed in C++ and is capable of controlling stimulus presentations to four independently operating conditioning chambers while collecting one channel of analog and two channels of digital data from each of the chambers. This system is currently being used in a variety of learning and memory experiments involving rats, rabbits, and humans.

General-purpose computer system for testing and monitoring airborne automatic systems

General-purpose computer system for testing and monitoring airborne automatic systems

The design and implementation of VOOM: a parallel virtual Object Oriented machine

The architecture of a highly-parallel general-purpose computer system supporting the Object-Oriented model of computation is presented. The basic features of the architecture are described with the aid of a low-level Virtual Machine, which has served as a basis for hardware implementations. The proposed parallel architecture consists of self-contained computers interconnected through a packet-switching network. Each node is a microcomputer comprising: (a) an execution unit, which provides direct support to the object-oriented style by processing messages; (b) a pre-fetch unit which realizes an early-bind scheme; (c) a memory management unit which is responsible for object management and memory recycling; and (d) a communication unit, which implements inter-node message passing and intra-node scheduling.

Design and implementation of full-frame, bit-allocation image-compression hardware module. Work in progress.

A hardware module was designed and built to implement the full-frame, bit-allocation image-compression algorithm in a clinical setting. The algorithm transforms an entire image without prepartitioning into small subimages. This adaptation eliminates block artifacts at subimage borders that can mimic relevant pathologic conditions. The quality of 1,024- and 2,048-pixel images compressed at a rate up to 10:1 with a custom-designed processor board (which contains four digital signal processors that transform and quantize separate rows and columns of an image independently with a two-pass cosine transform) and a 16-Mbyte frame buffer was found to be diagnostically acceptable in preliminary receiver operating characteristic studies. The module can compress a 1,024-pixel image in 4 seconds in a general-purpose computer system; images can be compressed in 1 second with the addition of a custom-designed data transporter. Copies of the compression module are being installed in the authors' department and in collaborating hospitals for laboratory and clinical evaluation.

Advanced modular computer system for research on automotive noise and vibration

A modular, multichannel general purpose computer system for data acquisition and analysis has been designed. Extensive software for acquisition and analysis in the form of a high–level language has been developed. Several systems have been installed with custom–tailored software, among them a system for four–wheel excitation of cars simulating road roughness.

The Role of a Maintenance Processor for a General-Purpose Computer System

Research and development in fault-tolerant computing has shown that a dedicated processor, called a maintenance processor, can efficiently monitor, control, and maintain the operation of its host computer. This paper presents the general system structure and common functional capabilities of the maintenance processor, and illustrates its utilization with a survey of actual implementations available in the general-purpose computer industry. An analytical model is then presented to evaluate the impact of the maintenance processor on the host system reliability, availability, and serviceability (RAS). Examples given show negligible additional downtime and system failures due to the unavailability of a typical maintenance processor. This observation, plus others included in the paper, strongly indicate that a maintenance processor can be designed and used as the focal point of most system support activities. The approach simplifies the hardware and software structure of the host computer, and improves the total system RAS.

Automatic fringe analysis with a computer image-processing system

The application of a general-purpose image-processing computer system to automatic fringe analysis is presented. Three areas of application have been examined where the use of a system based on a random access frame store has enabled a processing algorithm to be developed to suit a specific problem. Furthermore, it has enabled automatic analysis to be performed with complex and noisy data. The applications considered are strain measurement by speckle interferometry, position location in three axes, and fault detection in holographic nondestructive testing. A brief description of each problem is presented, followed by a description of the processing algorithm, results, and timings.

Speeches for Dr. Frankenstein: An Orchestral Approach to Music Synthesis

Speeches for Dr. Frankenstein: An Orchestral Approach to Music Synthesis. An article from journal Canadian University Music Review / Revue de musique des universités canadiennes (Number 4, 1983, pp. 2-341), on Érudit.

A word processor-based pathology reporting system.

This report describes a pathology report generating system based on a programmable word processing system (Wang OIS-140). The system supports printing of preliminary and final draft reports as well as automatically producing index cards for insertion into a file of previous procedures. Completed pathology reports can be archived on floppy disks if desired. The pathology system is part of a multistation "shared logic" word processing system that serves the needs of several hospital departments. The programming capabilities included in the word processor permit it to handle anatomic pathology reporting functions without the need for an associated general-purpose computer system. Experience with the system indicates that it has produced a 60% increase in the number of reports a secretory can produce compared with the previous system based on magnetic card typewriters.

A microcomputer-controlled laboratory: Hardware

A microcomputer-controlled laboratory designed to incorporate the Motorola 6800 microprocessor unit is described. The microcomputer system is reliable, flexible, and expandable, as well as adaptable to the next generation of Motorola microprocessor components. A modular system design utilizes multiprocessing with separate microprocessor units dedicated to specific functions. This computer, when used with powerful, high-level software, provides a general-purpose psychology laboratory computer system that is easy to use.

A general-purpose computer system for a research and development center.

A general-purpose computer system for a research and development center.

A general-purpose computer system for a research and development center.

A general-purpose computer system for a research and development center.