General Procrastination Research Articles

Effects of short video addiction on college students' physical activity: the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and procrastination.

Excessive use of short video applications can adversely affect the physical and mental health of college students. At present, regarding the effect of short video addiction on physical exercise, few scholars have studied the mechanism of action. This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which short video addiction impacts college students' physical exercise. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between short video addiction and physical activity, and examined the influence of self-efficacy and procrastination on this relationship. In this research, 304 college students were selected as survey subjects. The questionnaires included Short Video Addiction Scale, Physical Activity Rating Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Short Version General Procrastination Scale. The data underwent correlation analysis using SPSS and mediation effect analysis using the PROCESS macro program. (1) 61.51% (187) of college students' physical activity was low exercise. (2) Physical activity was significantly negatively impacted by short video addiction. (3) Self-efficacy played an independent mediating role in the association between short video addiction and physical activity. (4) The association between short video addiction and physical activity was independently mediated by procrastination. (5) Self-efficacy and procrastination function as chain mediators in the association between short video addiction and physical activity. Our research identifies the role that self-efficacy and procrastination play in the connection between short video addiction and physical activity. Decreasing the utilization of short video applications and enhancing self-efficacy can reduce procrastination and improve physical activity for college student groups.

The Relationship Between Time Perception and Academic Performance in Primary School Students and the Apparent Mediating Effect of Academic Procrastination.

In this study, we explored (i) the relationship between time perception and primary school students' academic performance and (ii) the mediating effect of their academic procrastination. We measured time perception in 321 students in primary grades 2, 4, and 6 in Shenyang, China. Students also completed the General Procrastination Acale, and we obtained measures of their academic performance during the semester from their teacher. Results indicated that time perception was significantly and positively correlated with academic performance (β = 0.16, t = 3.18, p < .001), and time perception and academic procrastination were significantly negatively correlated (β = -0.16, t = -2.92, p < .01); academic procrastination and academic performance were also significantly negatively correlated (β = -0.27, t = -5.38, p < .001). Academic procrastination played a mediating role in the relationship between time perception and academic performance, with an indirect effect of 0.04 that accounted for 25.96% of the total academic performance effect. The bootstrap 95% CI was 0.01-0.08. These results may help teachers improve primary school students' academic performance and inspire parents and schools to cultivate students' accurate time perception and prevent academic procrastination in young learners.

234 Unraveling the Link: How Emotional Self-Regulation and Procrastination Affect Physical Activity

Abstract Purpose Physical activity has been widely recognized as crucial for promoting optimal physical health, mental well-being, and social functioning. Given its significant impact on overall quality of life, it is essential to identify factors that may hinder engagement in regular physical activity. This study aims to explore the relationship between emotional self-regulation, general procrastination, physical activity procrastination, and physical activity levels among adults. Understanding these mechanisms can inform the development of interventions aimed at increasing physical activity engagement and ultimately promoting overall health and well-being. Methods 186 adults from general population participated in an online survey. They completed questionnaires assessing emotional self-regulation, general procrastination, and physical activity procrastination. Physical activity level was measured based on self-reported average weekly exercise minutes over the past year. Participants were then categorized into four activity levels according to the World Health Organization’s guidelines for physical activity and sedentary behavior. Results Our results showed that lower levels of emotional self-regulation were significantly associated with lower levels of physical activity. Furthermore, this relationship was serially mediated by both general procrastination and physical activity procrastination. Specifically, individuals with lower levels of emotional self-regulation had a greater tendency to engage in general procrastination, which subsequently increased their tendency to delay or avoid physically active behaviors. As a result, these individuals had lower overall engagement in regular exercise or training. Conclusions The results suggest that emotional self-regulation plays a critical role in influencing procrastination and physical activity. Lower levels of self-regulation affect this indirectly through increased tendencies toward both general and specific form of procrastination related to engaging in physically active behaviors. These findings highlight the importance of targeting interventions aimed at improving emotional self-regulation skills to reduce procrastination and increase physical activity, thereby promoting healthier lifestyles and well-being. Future research should explore potential strategies to effectively address these barriers while promoting long-term adherence to physically active behaviors.

The multiple mediating effects of self-efficacy and resilience on the relationship between social support and procrastination among vocational college students: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPrevious research has revealed a negative association between social support and procrastination. However, few studies have investigated the mechanism underlying this relationship among vocational college students.ObjectiveBased on the social cognitive theory, this study was intended to investigate the multiple mediating effects of self-efficacy and resilience on the relationship between social support and procrastination among vocational college students.MethodsThis study employed a cross-sectional design involving a sample of 1,379 students from a vocational college in China. Data were collected using the General Procrastination Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Resilience Scale-14. The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to examine the multiple mediation model.ResultsOur findings indicate significant negative correlations between social support, self-efficacy, resilience, and procrastination. The multiple mediation analysis showed that social support did not have a significant direct impact on procrastination. Instead, the relationship between social support and procrastination was fully mediated by self-efficacy (indirect effect: -0.017; 95% CI: -0.032, -0.004) and resilience (indirect effect: -0.047; 95% CI: -0.072, -0.025), and sequentially mediated by both factors (indirect effect: -0.013; 95% CI: -0.020, -0.007).ConclusionsThe results emphasise the importance of enhancing self-efficacy and resilience in initiatives aimed at preventing and intervening in case of procrastination among vocational college students. Additionally, strengthening social support may also be crucial to preventing or reducing procrastination among this population.

How Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism Effect Psychological Well-Being among University Students?: The Mediating Role of Procrastination

The principal purpose of the present study is to investigate the mediating role of general and academic procrastination in the relationship between adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism and psychological well-being among university students. The sample comprises 335 undergraduate students, selected through a convenient sampling method. The instruments utilized to gather data included the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, General Procrastination Inventory, Aitken Academic Procrastination Inventory, and Psychological Well-Being Scale. In order to test the hypotheses put forward in the research, two separate parallel mediation analyses were performed. The results revealed that general procrastination fully mediated the relationship between adaptive perfectionism and psychological well-being. Furthermore, general procrastination has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and psychological well-being. The mediating role of academic procrastination was not statistically significant in the mediation model for both dimensions of perfectionism. The results also provide robust evidence to confirm the assumption that adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism are distinct constructs and that these constructs affect psychological outcomes differently.The implications for counselors and mental health professionals, as well as future research directions, are discussed in light of the limitations of the study and recommendations are made.

Perceived cognitive performance in off‐prescription users of modafinil and methylphenidate: an online survey

AbstractIntroductionModafinil and methylphenidate are used off‐prescription for cognitive enhancement in healthy individuals. Such use is often reported in online surveys but it is unclear whether drug use for cognitive enhancement is motivated by perceived poor cognitive performance or a desire to improve good cognitive performance. The current study investigated whether off‐prescription users of modafinil and methylphenidate differed in their self‐perceived cognitive performance from people who do not take these drugs.MethodAn online survey targeting forum sites assessed self‐perceived cognitive function via the Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self‐Report Scale, the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, and the General Procrastination Scale.ResultsThere were 249 respondents, of whom 43% reported no use of modafinil and methylphenidate (the control group) and 58% reported use of one or both drugs without a prescription for cognitive enhancement. This created an independent samples design with three groups. On both the Adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder Self‐Report Scale and General Procrastination Scale, modafinil and methylphenidate users reported higher scores than the control group, indicating higher levels of perceived inattention and procrastination. Scores on the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire indicated that modafinil and methylphenidate users rated themselves as having fewer cognitive failures than controls.ConclusionThese findings suggest that at least some reported off‐prescription users of modafinil and methylphenidate may be seeking to reduce the impact of self‐perceived poorer performance, particularly in forms of cognition that are likely to impact on self‐directed or self‐motivated work.

Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS-J)

BackgroundThe average sleep duration of Japanese people is shorter than that of people from other countries, and bedtime procrastination is suspected to be one of the factors contributing to this issue. This study aimed to develop and validate the Japanese version of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS-J).MethodsThe BPS-J was developed through procedures including the translation and back-translation of the scale, cognitive interviews with 100 participants who reported having experiences of being diagnosed with insufficient sleep syndrome (ISS) or receiving treatment for ISS using open-ended online questionnaires, and expert checking. To investigate the scale’s validity and reliability, an online survey was conducted with daytime workers aged 20 − 65 years without a history of sleep disorders other than ISS. Half the participants were retested using the same survey after 14 days. Participants’ responses to the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS), General Procrastination Scale (GPS), and Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ), and data on sleep-related variables such as sleep duration on workdays and the days per week of fatigue or sleep loss, sex, and age, were collected.ResultsWe analyzed data from 574 participants to assess scale validity. We then analyzed data from 280 participants to determine test–retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the two-factor model without Item 2 was most suitable for the BPS-J, unlike other language versions. Regardless of the full-item model or the model with Item 2 eliminated, sufficient reliability and significant correlations with the BSCS, GPS, MCTQ, and sleep-related variables such as sleep duration per night on work days, days per week of feeling fatigued, and days per week of sleep loss were observed. Logistic and linear regressions showed that the relationships between the BPS-J, sleep-related variables, and MCTQ were maintained after adjusting for sex and age.ConclusionThe BPS-J had sufficient validity and reliability. Further, eliminating Item 2 from the original version of the BPS strengthened the ability to survey Japanese daytime workers.

Demographic predictors of bedtime procrastination in the Japanese population

Bedtime procrastination (BP) is prevalent and problematic, with no previous study conducted in Japan. This study developed the Japanese version of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), assessed its validity, and investigated the relationship between BP, demographic features, and sleep outcomes. Participants were divided into two samples (N = 252 and N = 630). Sample 1 involved a longitudinal study to confirm test–retest reliability of the BPS. Sample 2 involved a cross-sectional study to assess confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity, construct validity, and determine the internal consistency of the BPS. The relationship between BP and demographic features (gender, age, and employment status) and sleep outcomes (Athens Insomnia Scale, sleep hours, sleep onset latency, and sleep efficiency) was investigated using Sample 2. The BPS showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α coefficients = .90–91), test–retest reliability (ICC = .86), and one factor model was valid; CFI = .95, TLI = .94, RMSEA = .10, and SRMR = .04. The BPS had a moderate positive association with general procrastination, moderate negative associations with self-control, sleep quality, and sleep duration on weekdays, and those who answered “yes” to the item “Do you have trouble with bedtime procrastination?” had higher BPS scores. BPS scores were moderately higher for younger participants (≤ 40 years), slightly higher for females, and non-significantly different between employment statuses. The BPS showed a significant positive correlation with insomnia symptoms, weak positive association with sleep efficiency on weekdays and holidays, and no significant association with sleep onset latencies on holidays and weekdays. This study provides new data on demographic predictors of BP in Japan. No clear effects of gender and employment status were found, but age was a strong predictor of BP, where younger age groups had a higher BP risk.

The Serial Mediation Effect of Self-Differentiation and Cognitive Flexibility Between Neuroticism and General Procrastination Behavior: Cross-Sectional Study

The Serial Mediation Effect of Self-Differentiation and Cognitive Flexibility Between Neuroticism and General Procrastination Behavior: Cross-Sectional Study

The Mediating Role of Procrastination in the Relationship between Fear of Missing Out and Internet Addiction in University Students.

This study aims to examine the potential mediating role of procrastination in the relationship between fear of missing out and internet addiction. Employing a cross-sectional research design, this study utilized a paper-pencil form to collect data from 315 students (65.4% undergraduate and 66.3% females) between 18 and 32 (Mage = 22.43; SD = 3.81) studying at a state university in Türkiye. Data were collected through the convenience sampling method. The study was designed as a survey model. This design was tested via mediation analysis. The participants completed self-report assessments using the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs), General Procrastination Scale (GPS-9), and Young Internet Addiction Scale (short form). The findings showed that FoMO had a significant positive direct effect on both procrastination (R2 = 0.13) and internet addiction (R2 = 0.33). Procrastination also had a significant positive direct effect on internet addiction (R2 = 0.34). Additionally, procrastination mediated the relationship between the fear of missing out and internet addiction (β = 0.156, p < 0.001). These findings not only extend the scope of existing research but also hold practical implications for the development of sustainable interventions. It is believed that the findings will contribute to the consideration of procrastination when preparing psychoeducation or group guidance programs for internet addiction. These interventions can effectively address the process through which fear of missing out leads to internet addiction by considering the significant role of procrastination in students. Findings typically suggest that procrastination behavior is a key factor in explaining the association between FoMO and internet addiction.

DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS AS DETERMINANTS OF PROCRASTINATION IN JUNIOR KARATEKAS

Abstract The aim of the conducted research was to examine the contribution of predictor variables (depression, anxiety and stress) in predicting the criterion procrastination. The pertinent sample of adolescents (N =126) included junior karatekas age 16 to 18 (M = 17.5, SD = .83). Two measuring instruments were used: General Procrastination Scale (Lay, 1986) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (Lovibond &amp; Lovibond, 1995).Correlation analysis has determined that there are statistically significant and positive linear connections between the dimensions of psychological distress. The model of hierarchical regression has revealed that the predictor group of variables (depression, anxiety and stress) accounts for 12% of the total criterion variance of procrastination. Only the determinant depression (ß = .41, p ≤ .01) had the maximum positive and statistically relevant partial contribution in predicting the variability of procrastination. The calculated beta coefficient indicates that a higher degree of depression in adolescent karatekas intensifies their procrastination. On the other hand, regression has shown that the independent variables anxiety and stress do not significantly interact with the criterion, and therefore cannot statistically significantly predict the dependent variable procrastination in adolescent karatekas. The obtained results of the constructs examined in this research have theoretical and practical implications in explaining procrastination in adolescent karatekas. Key words: psychological distress, karate, procrastination, adolescent, athletes

More sense of self-discipline, less procrastination: the mediation of autonomous motivation

Procrastination is considered a result of failed self-regulation. However, could experiencing a sense of successful self-discipline help to boost motivation and reduce procrastination? To explore this question, two studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between the sense of self-discipline, autonomous motivation, and procrastination. Results showed that trait sense of self-discipline negatively predicted general procrastination (Study 1); self-discipline primed participants procrastinated less than the control group (Study 2); autonomous motivation mediated the relationship between sense of self-discipline and procrastination (Study 1 and Study 2). These findings suggest that cultivating a sense of self-discipline can have positive effects on both autonomous motivation and procrastination, and provide useful guidance for interventions aimed at reducing procrastination.

The Relationship between Self-Control and General Procrastination in University Students: The Mediating Role of Optimism

Self-control, which is relevant to abandoning from the sudden impulses for a significant objective, tendency of optimism meaning that good things will happen in the future, and the tendency to procrastination briefly defined as the gap between intention and action are significant variables having effects on the well-being of the individuals. In literature, no study was found addressing these three variables together. In this direction, in this study, it was intended to examine the mediating role of optimism in the relationship between self-control and general procrastination in the university students. The research is based on relational survey model. 327 university students having their study in faculty of education of a government university in Turkey formed the sample of the research. The data of the research was collected by the use of brief self-control scale, general procrastination scale, optimism and pessimism scale, and adult form. SPSS 21 was used for descriptive data and Pearson correlation analysis, AMOS 23 was used for confirmatory factor analysis, and Process Macro 4.1 software (model 4) was used for the analysis of predicting and mediating relationships. In the research, it was determined that the significant relationships between self-control and general procrastination were in negative direction, the ones between self-control and optimism were in positive direction, and the ones between optimism and general procrastination were in negative direction. Moreover, partial mediating effect of optimism was determined in the relationship between self-control and general procrastination. Self-control has significant indirect effect on general procrastination through optimism, and optimism mediates this relationship.

Association of personality traits with dental visit procrastination by Japanese university students

BackgroundProcrastination is a psychological trait that causes individuals to put off doing things that need to be done. It has recently shown to result in the worsening of symptoms due to delays in seeking medical care. However, it is not clear how perception of dental disease influences dental visits. This study examined the associations of procrastination and personality traits with delayed dental visits for both acute and chronic conditions.MethodsOf 599 university students queried, the data of 549 subjects (mean age 19.7 years) were analyzed. A general procrastination scale (GPS), the Big Five personality traits, and oral hygiene habits were used for analysis. The participants were asked about illness awareness conditions related to dental disease, perception of pain in the oral region due to acute oral symptoms and chronic symptoms. The participants were asked the number of days until they decided that treatment was required. Based on the bimodal shape of the distribution, those who answered at least eight days for acute or chronic conditions were classified as the procrastination (P) group and the others as the non-procrastination (Non-P) group.ResultsSignificant differences in GPS scores were found between the groups for both acute and chronic conditions, with significant differences in the Big Five traits of extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism for an acute condition and extraversion, openness, and neuroticism for a chronic condition. There were no significant differences regarding oral hygiene habits between the groups for either condition. Next, using a Bayesian network, the probabilistic causal relations among procrastination, the Big Five traits, and delays in dental visits for both acute and chronic conditions were analyzed. Among the Big Five traits, conscientiousness and neuroticism were directly related to GPS score. Interestingly, agreeableness was directly related to delays in dental visits only for an acute condition and showed a negative effect, while dental student status had a positive effect on delays in dental visits.ConclusionsThe results showed that procrastination and dentistry department are factors that directly influence delays in dental visits, while agreeableness, a Big Five trait, has a negative effect on individuals with an acute condition.

The Relationship Between Academic Procrastination, General Procrastination and Patience: A Study on University Students

This research aims to reveal the nature of the relationship among university students' general procrastination, academic procrastination, and patience behaviors. In the study, the Academic Procrastination Scale (APS) and General Procrastination Scale (GPS) developed by Çakıcı (2003), the University Students' Patience Tendency Scale (USPTS) developed by Çeliköz and Gül (2018), and the "Personal Information Form" developed by the researcher were used. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 software. First, a normality analysis was applied, followed by the t-Test and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A correlational design was used in the research to determine the relationship among university students' general procrastination, academic procrastination, and patience behaviors; for the purpose of determining the effect of the patience variable on general and academic procrastination, a multiple regression analysis was used. A moderate (r=0.616), significant, and strong relationship was found between university students' general procrastination behaviors and academic procrastination behaviors. A negative relationship was identified between patience behaviors and both general and academic procrastination behaviors. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that academic procrastination behavior (β= -227) had a more pronounced effect in predicting patience behavior than general procrastination behavior (β= -.155). The research found significant differences in general procrastination, academic procrastination, and patience behaviors based on the participants' gender, the university they attend, family income level, and their field of study; while similarities were identified based on age and class level.

대학생의 지연동기와 지연행동의 관계

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of evaluation concern perfectionism in the relationship between two types of procrastination motives (worry and optimism) and general procrastination behavior.&#x0D; Methods For this study, 500 male and female college students were surveyed at a university located in Gyeonggi-do. Using the data collected through the questionnaire, correlations between variables were identified, and structural equation model analysis and mediation effect verification were conducted.&#x0D; Results The results of this study are as follows. First, a significant positive correlation was confirmed between worry motivation and optimism motivation, evaluation concern perfectionism, and procrastination behavior. Second, in the worry motivation, both the indirect path through evaluation concern perfectionism and the direct path to procrastination behavior were significant, and the optimistic motivation showed that only the direct path to procrastination behavior was significant.&#x0D; Conclusions This study confirmed the differential effects of evaluation concern perfectionism in the process of worry motivation and optimistic motivation leading to procrastination behavior. Consequently, it is meaningful to provide an intervention method for preventing and reducing procrastination behavior.

Trajectories and influencing factors in adolescent procrastination behavior throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: a four-wave prospective longitudinal study.

Despite the growing attention given to adolescent behavior problems, little is known about the trajectories and factors that have influenced adolescent procrastination during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study monitors changes in procrastination behavior among Chinese adolescents during the pandemic and identifies vulnerable groups. A four-wave study using a representative sample of 11-to 18-year-olds in China was conducted, with baseline data collected in June 2020 (n = 4,156; 49% girls) and follow-ups in December 2020 (n = 3,392; 50% girls), August 2021 (n = 2,380; 48% girls), and October 2021 (n = 1,485; 49% girls). Procrastination behavior was assessed using the General Procrastination Scale. Latent growth curve models, latent growth mixture modes, and multivariate logistic regression models were used to describe the trajectory of procrastination and identify predictors of deterioration. The proportion and overall trends of adolescent procrastination increased with the pandemic. Higher parental over-protection was a contributing factor to the higher baseline levels leading to the faster growth of adolescent procrastination. The model identified three distinct trajectories of low-increasing [including 2,057 participants (49.5%)], moderate-stable [including 1,879 participants (45.2%)], and high-decreasing procrastination [including 220 participants (5.3%)]. More daily leisure screen-time, lower frequency of exercise weekly, and dissatisfaction with distance learning were the top three risk factors for moderate-stable and high-decreasing procrastination compared to low-increasing procrastination. Adolescents with mothers with a higher level of education were more liable to be high-decreasing procrastination than moderate-stable procrastination. The proportion and overall trends of adolescent procrastination increased with the pandemic. The categories of procrastination among adolescents during that time period were probed. Also, the study further clarified the risk factors for severe and moderate procrastination relative to no procrastination. Thus, effective procrastination prevention and intervention strategies need to be implemented to support adolescents, particularly those at risk.

DISPOSITIONAL FACTORS OF PROPENSITY TO PROCRASTINATION IN YOUTH

The article deals with the theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of procrastination and its interpretation in psychology and the empirical study of the main factors of the manifestations of procrastination in youth under the conditions of distance learning. The research used a set of complementary methods and techniques: theoretical: analysis, synthesis, and generalization of scientists' views on procrastination; empirical: "General Procrastination Scale (GPS), Clarry H. Lay", "Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, ZTPI”, self-organization of activity questionnaire (OSD), "Maslach Burnout Inventory", (MВI) K. Maslach, S. Jackson, "Test of Self-Conscious Affect" (TOSCA) J.P. Tangney, "Capacity for self-management" by M. Peysakhov, “Rotter’s Internal-External Locus of Control Scale”, mathematical statistics: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis (Spearman's rho); factor analysis (Principal components). It is noted that scientists rightly draw attention to the fact that procrastination can refer not only to delaying the start of action but also to any stage of its implementation, and the least agreed upon in science are questions about the irrationality and awareness of procrastination and the degree of importance of the task postponed for later. It is shown that procrastination is an ambiguously negative phenomenon: 1) it is possible to postpone matters for later with a strategic goal: to use the time for thorough preparation for its implementation; 2) "for later" is not the same as "untimely" or "not to fulfill"; 3) not important tasks are postponed more often, but tasks imposed on the executor from the outside, but subjectively uninteresting to him. According to the results of our research, we can assume that a person prone to procrastination: burns out faster; is external; with a poorly developed ability to self-regulate in general and its components in particular; does not know how to structure time adequately; with no plans for the future; with insufficient ability to self-manage; does not feel guilty for his inactivity, and is not proud of himself. It is concluded that the most researched in psychology is academic procrastination, while general procrastination is currently rarely the object of investigation; a complete, justifiable, and acceptable for most scholars studying the problem of procrastination understanding of procrastination that takes into account its various aspects is still under development.

The mediating effect of achievement motivation on mindfulness and procrastination behavior of nursing students: A correlational study.

Procrastination behavior is prevalent among nursing students in China. However, little research has examined how mindfulness is associated with procrastination behavior, via achievement motivation among nursing students. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between procrastination behavior, mindfulness and achievement motivation, and explore the mediating effect of achievement motivation on mindfulness and procrastination behavior of nursing students. A correlational cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire. The study was conducted from January to March 2022 among 632 students from 1 university. A general information questionnaire, Achievement Motivation Scale, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and General Procrastination Scale (GPS) were used for investigation. Calculations were performed using SPSS Statistics, version 25. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and process plug-in mediation effect analyses were used to analyze the data. A total of 640 questionnaires were issued and 632 valid questionnaires were finally recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 98.75%. The GPS score of 632 nursing undergraduates was (55.80 ± 6.57), achievement motivation scale score was (-2.49 ± 8.73), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire score was (118.21 ± 18.39). Achievement motivation and psychological capital were all negatively correlated with procrastination behavior (r = -0.291, -0.483; P < .01). Achievement motivation played a partial mediating role between mindfulness and procrastination behavior, and the mediating effect accounted for 59.82% of the total effect. The procrastination behavior of nursing undergraduates is at the middle level. Mindfulness can influence procrastination behavior through achievement motivation. Measures are needed to decrease the procrastination behavior by developing mindfulness programs to increase their achievement motivation.

Procrastination and Mental Health Status Among Students in Serbia: A CrossSectional Study

Objectives: Procrastination or avoidance of important tasks is a relatively common phenomenon, especially in the student population. Researchers believe that anxiety and distress are triggers of chronic procrastination because putting off unpleasant tasks and obligations leads to immediate relief, despite the negative long-term effects of such behavior. This study aimed to examine whether indicators of mental health – depression, anxiety, and stress are significant predictors of procrastination among students. Methods: The sample included 658 students, of which 548 were female and 110 were male. The average age of the respondents was 23.16 years (SD = 3.02). The following instruments were used: the General Procrastination Scale (GPS), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), as well as the Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire, which was created for the purposes of this study. Results: It was shown that depression in the female subsample was a significant predictor of procrastination (ß=0.54, p&lt;0.01), which means that depression increases procrastination in female students. Anxiety and stress, as well as the age of the students, did not prove to be significant predictors of procrastination in either male or female students. Conclusion: The obtained findings may have important practical implications for institutions whose domain of work is providing psychological support and counseling to students, then, for a better understanding of the factors that are important for understanding the problem of procrastination, as well as for the development of preventive programs for recognizing and overcoming early signs of procrastination in students.