General Principles Of Treatment Research Articles

Current concepts of cutaneous porphyria and its treatment with particular reference to the use of sodium calciumedetate.

SUMMARY.— In the period 1955–69, 71 cases of porphyria have been diagnosed in South Australia, and include 4 cases of porphyria variegata and 34 cases of porphyria cutanea tarda. The general principles of treatment include the avoidance of alcohol, sunlight and trauma, and the establishment of a good dietary routine. Such principles lead to clinical remission in some cases, particularly in those who excrete less than 1 mg. of urinary porphyrins per day, but the majority also require active treatment and in South Australia sodium calciumedetate has been the treatment most used. We believe that it is possible to estimate the amount of chelation which will be necessary to obtain clinical remission: of the 28 treated patients with cutaneous porphyria whom we have been able to keep under observation, 27 obtained complete clinical remission following treatment with sodium calciumedetate.

The Surgical Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis

This book should have a wide circulation among orthopedists, physiatrists, and rheumatologists. It is not solely concerned with the indications for surgery and the technique of operations presently utilized in rehabilitating patients with rheumatoid arthritis, although it very adequately encompasses these subjects. There is special emphasis on the general principles of dealing with the patient and his disease. Well described are the techniques of recording the patient's condition so that changes resulting from progressing disease and treatment can be accurately evaluated. The programs of therapeutic exercise for the conservative management as well as for the postoperative rehabilitation are thoroughly elaborated—a feature that is often lacking in surgical monographs. After a discussion of the general principles of treatment, the special problems of individual joints are considered. The text reads easily; the illustrations are carefully chosen; the book is well printed. The author must be complimented on his well-balanced view of this

Production of isotropic materials by thermomechanical treatment

The general principles of thermomechanical treatment for ensuring isotropy of mechanical properties are discussed. The deformation conditions of isotropy are formulated, and an expression is derived for estimating the intensity of plastic deformation during the treatment which may consist of several cycles. As a specific example of a treatment of this kind a high-temperature thermomechanical treatment of steel ShKh15 and 37KhN3A torsion bars (involving a single deformation cycle in torsion) is considered.

Psychosomatic Management of the Patient With Malignancy.

The title of this slim book is misleading; one wonders if the publisher thought this would make it sell better. Actually, the book presents a discussion of several aspects of the psychological side of what has been called "comprehensive medicine." Though one chapter is devoted to the cancer patient, the other six cover topics of broader significance to the physician, such as the process of medical interviewing, general principles of medical treatment, and the use of psychotherapy by the nonpsychiatrist. It presents no new research or special findings; rather, it represents the distillation of the experience of the author. Hence, the basis for comparison are books like those by Aldrich,¹Hollender,²Levine,³or Lief.⁴Against such competition, this volume does not stand out. Dr. Garner has earned the reputation of being an excellent, inspiring teacher, but his abilities in the clinic and classroom fail

Overdoses of psychotherapeutic drugs.

Widespread use of the newer central nervous system depressants and stimulants has resulted in many instances of overdoses, either accidentally by children or purposely by adults. While many of the general principles of treatment of poisoning with these drugs are the same as for older sedatives and stimulants, some problems are different.

THERAPEUTIC PRINCIPLES FOR STREPTOCOCCUS VIRIDANS INFECTIONS: RECURRENT BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS IN A CHILD WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

A case of recurrent bacterial endocarditis due to a relatively resistant alpha streptococcus is reviewed. The following general principles of treatment are recommended: 1. Intravenous penicillin therapy should be instituted in all instances. 2. Should serum bactericidal levels indicate the organism to be extremely sensitive (< 0.1 units/ml) oral phenoxymethyl penicillin (Penicillin-V) may be substituted after 3 weeks. 3. In cases infected with organisms sensitive to greater than 0.1 units/ml, intravenous therapy should be continued for 6 weeks and streptomycin added for 2 weeks. 4. When facilities for studying penicillin sensitivity and serum bactericidal activity are not available, the intravenous penicillin-streptomycin regime is recommended.

Tetanus Prophylaxis and Therapy.

This work is a thorough discussion of prophylaxis against tetanus and an outline of general principles of treatment of clinical tetanus. It has been the concern of some people involved in care of tetanus patients for some years that too much emphasis has been placed upon the role of passive immunization in any program of prophylaxis or treatment of tetanus. It is gratifying to those having this prejudice to find such a thorough coverage of problems of prophylaxis and immunization. Misconceptions which exist concerning the efficacy of tetanus antitoxin, disadvantages of serum therapy, and medicolegal implications of using<i>or</i>omitting this form of therapy are discussed. Perhaps the author's feeling concerning the problem is best summarized by his statement—"in light of the questionable value of the serum treatment, its omission cannot be condemned." A thorough experimental study is reported which evaluates antigen-antibody responses when serum and toxoid are administered simultaneously.

Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases. Volume IV: Tumors of the Breast, Chest, and Esophagus

This excellent volume follows the general format used in the earlier volumes of this series. It covers in detail various aspects of the surgical, roentgenological, hormonal, and chemotherapeutic management of patients with tumors of the breast, chest, and esophagus. The editors have written excellent survey chapters covering the general principles of treatment and the prognosis in cancer of the breast and lung. Beyond these two chapters, there is little editorial comment in the text. When alternative methods of treatment are proposed, the editors have let each author present his own method, leaving it to the judgment of the reader to determine its relative merit. Thus, there are three chapters by different authors on various types of radical mastectomy. Similarly, the anterior and prone approach for pulmonary surgery and the right- and left-sided approach to the thoracic esophagus are discussed separately. Philosophical discussions, such as those involving the unresolved controversy over

Treatment of acute poisoning.

Historically, acute poisoning is the classic medical emergency. The most important principle in manage ment is speed in starting the appropriate treatment; initial delay may render subsequent measures ineffective, and in all cases will increase uncertainty in the prognosis. Many substances may cause poisoning in man, but the general principles of treatment are the same in all cases: remove the poison from the patient; administer the specific antidote when it is available; prevent or treat the complications which may result from the action of the poison.

Medical Therapy of Occlusive Arterial Disease

Occlusion of the abdominal aorta, segmental occlusion of the iliac and femoral arteries, thromboangiitis obliterans and arteriosclerosis obliterans constitute the major diseases affecting the peripheral arteries. The first two conditions are now treated surgically. The general principles of medical treatment that apply to occlusive arterial diseases are to arrest the progress of the disease, to dilate the uninvolved vessels, to increase circulation mechanically, to relieve pain, to instruct in prevention of injury to ischemic tissue and to treat ulceration and gangrene. Abstinence from tobacco is imperative. Anticoagulants are of value in acute arterial occlusion but usually are not of practical value for prevention of thrombosis in chronic occlusive arterial disease. Pain in occlusive arterial disease may be due to intermittent claudication, ischemic neuritis, or ulceration and gangrene. Early diagnosis is important. Appropriate surgical procedures can be performed if the disease is segmental. If the disease is diffuse, use of adequate active and prophylactic treatment may do much to prevent pain, disability, gangrene and economic loss.

BURNS

I believe that the physiotherapist has a definite part to play in the management of burns, but that she will play it better if she understands some of the general principles of treatment. I propose, therefore, to deal with the classification, pathology and surgical care of burns before indicating the role of the physiotherapist.

Anorectal fistulas: An anatomic classification and principles of treatment

A classification of anorectal fistulas resulting from infectious processes has been presented. This classification is based on the anatomy of the anorectal region and the location of the original abscess. The general principles of surgical treatment and after care of anorectal fistulas have also been reviewed.

General Principles of Treatment of Air-raid Casualties

General Principles of Treatment of Air-raid Casualties

USE OF ANTICOAGULANTS IN CASES OF POSTOPERATIVE THROMBOSIS AND EMBOLISM

For a general surgeon to present the problem of thrombosis and embolism to an otolaryngologic society it will be necessary to draw comparisons between etiologic factors in the extremities and in the skull. After discussing the subject with a number of otolaryngologists, I feel that there are certain operations in which the general principles of etiology and treatment involved are similar. Before discussing the therapeutic problem it seems advisable to review and classify the clinical types encountered. There are, roughly, four main types of thrombophlebitis. While the mean of each type is a distinct entity at the extremes, there are gradations from one type to another. Their classification is as follows: Thrombosis. This is the type most commonly encountered in general surgical practice. A silent thrombus forms in the extremity, and suddenly, without warning, an embolus is broken off and transported to the lungs, sometimes causing immediate death. In

The general principles of surgical treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchiectasis

The general principles of surgical treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchiectasis

LXXXII. General Principles of Treatment of Nasal Sinus Inflammations

LXXXII. General Principles of Treatment of Nasal Sinus Inflammations

THE USES OF REMEDIES IN DISEASES OF THE HEART AND BLOOD-VESSELS.

It is obvious that the scope of my paper is so large that if I were to deal with it fully I would require to write a text-book, so that I can not do more in the time at my disposal than simply enter upon a few of the most important points. I have, therefore, thought it advisable, instead of entering into the details which are usually to be found in ordinary handbooks on the practice of medicine or in special books on cardiac disease, to take up a few points which I regard as the most important and try, if possible, to bring out clearly the general principles of treatment in diseases of the heart and vessels. It is curious to think that the heart which is beating in the bosom of every one began to beat a considerable while before the body had assumed a human shape, and

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DR. LINDSAY does not profess to have written a systematic and exhaustive treatise upon the climatic treatment of consumption. He holds that we are only on the threshold of climatological investigation: and “for its exhaustive discussion,” he says, “prolonged inquiry will be necessary, and more exact methods than those hitherto generally employed.” He has made, however, an important contribution to the study of a very difficult subject, and his book ought to be of much service not only to physicians but to many sufferers who may still hope to find in climatic treatment a powerful adjunct to hygienic and medical measures. Having discussed the causes of consumption and the general principles of climatic treatment, Dr. Lindsay presents a general view of the chief sanatoria for consumption. He then describes mountain sanatoria and the ocean voyage, and gives a full and trustworthy account of sanatoria he himself has visited, including Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, California, the Cape, Algeria, Southern France, and the home sanatoria. The value of the book is, of course, greatly increased by the fact that he has relied for his information mainly on personal observation.