General Operator Research Articles

Recent Advances in Chemoresistive Gas Sensors Using Two-Dimensional Materials.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as a promising candidate in the chemoresistive gas sensor field to overcome the disadvantages of conventional metal-oxide semiconductors owing to their strong surface activities and high surface-to-volume ratio. This review summarizes the various approaches to enhance the 2D-material-based gas sensors and provides an overview of their progress. The distinctive attributes of semiconductor gas sensors employing 2D materials will be highlighted with their inherent advantages and associated challenges. The general operating principles of semiconductor gas sensors and the unique characteristics of 2D materials in gas-sensing mechanisms will be explored. The pros and cons of 2D materials in gas-sensing channels are discussed, and a route to overcome the current challenges will be delivered. Finally, the recent advancements to enhance the performance of 2D-material-based gas sensors including photo-activation, heteroatom doping, defect engineering, heterostructures, and nanostructures will be discussed. This review should offer a broad range of readers a new perspective toward the future development of 2D-material-based gas sensors.

Exploring the Cultivation Path of Algebraic Thinking Ability for Junior High School Students

With the deepening development of mathematics education, the cultivation of algebraic thinking has gradually become one of the core tasks of junior high school mathematics teaching. As a fundamental ability in mathematics, it not only has a positive promoting effect on students logical thinking and abstract ability, but also provides important tools and methods for students to further learn advanced mathematical knowledge and solve practical problems. Based on the understanding of mathematical algebraic thinking, this article mainly discusses the importance of students algebraic thinking and how to cultivate students algebraic thinking ability in general operations, logical reasoning, mathematical modeling, etc. and explores new methods and approaches to cultivate students algebraic thinking in junior high school teaching.

The effect of inhomogeneous terms for asymptotic profiles of solutions to second-order abstract evolution equations with time-dependent dissipation

The inhomogeneous problem of second-order evolution equations with a time-dependent dissipation term of the form u″+Au+b(t)u′=g(t) in a real Hilbert space H is considered, where A is a general nonnegative selfadjoint operator in H. The result is the explicit description of asymptotic profile of solutions of such a problem when the dissipation b provides a diffusive structure with a suitable restriction. The proof is a basic energy method with a scope of well-behaved quantity for the diffusive structure.

Sufficient conditions on the continuous spectrum for ergodic Schrödinger operators

We investigate the spectral types of families of discrete one-dimensional Schrödinger operators {Hω}ω∈Ω , where each H ω has a potential function V ω (n) = f(T n ω) for n∈Z , T is an ergodic homeomorphism on a compact space Ω and f:Ω→R is a continuous function. The main analytical tool of the paper is Gordon’s lemma, of which we provide a complete proof. We demonstrate that a generic operator Hω∈{Hω}ω∈Ω has purely continuous spectrum if {Tnα}n≥0 is dense in Ω for a certain α ∈ Ω. Furthermore, we extend this result to the case where {Ω, T} satisfies topological repetition property, a concept introduced by Boshernitzan and Damanik (2008, []). Theorems presented in this paper weaken the hypotheses of previous research and enable us to reach the same conclusion as those authors. Our paper presents a comprehensive study of the topological and metric repetition properties, highlighting their binding role between the theory of dynamical systems and spectral theory. We also discuss the implications of these properties on the qualitative description of specific physical systems.

Null states and time evolution in a toy model of black hole dynamics

Spacetime wormholes can provide non-perturbative contributions to the gravitational path integral that make the actual number of states eS in a gravitational system much smaller than the number of states eSp\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {e}^{S_{\ extrm{p}}} $$\\end{document} predicted by perturbative semiclassical effective field theory. The effects on the physics of the system are naturally profound in contexts in which the perturbative description actively involves N = O(eS) of the possible eSp\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {e}^{S_{\ extrm{p}}} $$\\end{document} perturbative states; e.g., in late stages of black hole evaporation. Such contexts are typically associated with the existence of non-trivial quantum extremal surfaces. However, by forcing a simple topological gravity model to evolve in time, we find that such effects can also have large impact for N ≪ eS (in which case no quantum extremal surfaces can arise). In particular, even for small N, the insertion of generic operators into the path integral can cause the non-perturbative time evolution to differ dramatically from perturbative expectations. On the other hand, this discrepancy is small for the special case where the inserted operators are non-trivial only in a subspace of dimension D ≪ eS. We thus study this latter case in detail. We also discuss potential implications for more realistic gravitational systems.

Two point boundary value problems for ordinary differential systems with generalized variable exponents operators

In recent years an increasing interest in more general operators generated by Musielak–Orlicz functions is under development since they provided, in principle, a unified treatment to deal with ordinary and partial differential equations with operators containing the p-Laplace operator, the ϕ-Laplace operator, operators with variable exponents and the double phase operators. These kind of consideration lead us in García-Huidobro et al. (2024), to consider problems containing the operator (S(t,u′))′, where ′=ddt and look for period solutions of systems of nonlinear systems of differential equations. In this paper we extend our approach to deal with systems of differential equations containing the operator (S(t,u′))′ this time under Dirichlet, mixed and Neumann boundary conditions. As in García-Huidobro et al. (2024) our approach is to work in C1 spaces to obtain suitable abstract fixed points theorems from which several applications are obtained, including problems of Liénard and Hartman type.

Dimension-eight operator basis for universal standard model effective field theory

We present the basis of dimension-eight operators associated with universal theories. We first derive a complete list of independent dimension-eight operators formed with the Standard Model bosonic fields characteristic of such universal new physics scenarios. Without imposing C or P symmetries the basis contains 175 operators—that is, the assumption of universality reduces the number of independent Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) coefficients at dimension eight from 44807 to 175. 89 of the 175 universal operators are included in the general dimension-eight operator basis in the literature. The 86 additional operators involve higher derivatives of the Standard Model bosonic fields and can be rotated in favor of operators involving fermions using the Standard Model equations of motion for the bosonic fields. By doing so we obtain the allowed fermionic operators generated in this class of models which we map into the corresponding 86 independent combinations of operators in the dimension-eight basis of [C. W. Murphy, Dimension-8 operators in the standard model effective field theory, .]. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

On the Sub and Supersolution Method for Nonlinear Elliptic Equations with a Convective Term, in Orlicz Spaces

In this note we provide an overview of some existence (with sign information) and regularity results for differential equations, in which the method of sub and supersolutions plays an important role. We list some classical results and then we focus on the Dirichlet problem, for problems driven by a general differential operator, depending on (x,u,∇u), and with a convective term f. Our framework is that of Orlicz–Sobolev spaces. We also present several examples.

Dynamic Formation of a Posterior-to-Anterior Peak-Alpha-Frequency Gradient Driven by Two Distinct Processes.

Peak-alpha frequency varies across individuals and mental states, but it also forms a negative gradient from posterior to anterior regions in association with increases in cortical thickness and connectivity, reflecting a cortical hierarchy in temporal integration. Tracking the spatial standard deviation of peak-alpha frequency in scalp EEG, we observed that a posterior-to-anterior gradient dynamically formed and dissolved. Periods of high spatial standard deviation yielded robustly negative posterior-to-anterior gradients-the "gradient state"-while periods of low spatial standard deviation yielded globally converged peak-alpha frequency-the "uniform state." The state variations were characterized by a combination of slow (0.3-0.5 Hz) oscillations and random-walk-like fluctuations. They were relatively independently correlated with peak-alpha frequency variations in anterior regions and peak-alpha power variations in central regions driven by posterior regions (together accounting for ∼50% of the state variations), suggesting that two distinct mechanisms modulate the state variations: an anterior mechanism that directly adjusts peak-alpha frequencies and a posterior-central mechanism that indirectly adjusts them by influencing synchronization. The state variations likely reflect general operations as their spatiotemporal characteristics remained unchanged while participants engaged in a variety of tasks (breath focus, vigilance, working memory, mental arithmetic, and generative thinking) with their eyes closed or watched a silent nature video. The ongoing state variations may dynamically balance two global processing modes, one that facilitates greater temporal integration (and potentially also information influx) toward anterior regions in the gradient state and the other that facilitates flexible global communication (via phase locking) in the uniform state.

A singular perturbation result for a class of periodic-parabolic BVPs

Abstract In this article, we obtain a very sharp version of some singular perturbation results going back to Dancer and Hess [Behaviour of a semilinear periodic-parabolic problem when a parameter is small, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 1450, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990, pp. 12–19] and Daners and López-Gómez [The singular perturbation problem for the periodic-parabolic logistic equation with indefinite weight functions, J. Dynam. Differential Equations 6 (1994), 659–670] valid for a general class of semilinear periodic-parabolic problems of logistic type under general boundary conditions of mixed type. The results of Dancer and Hess [Behaviour of a semilinear periodic-parabolic problem when a parameter is small, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 1450, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990, pp. 12–19] and [The singular perturbation problem for the periodic-parabolic logistic equation with indefinite weight functions, J. Dynam. Differential Equations 6 (1994), 659–670] were found, respectively, for Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions with L = − Δ {\mathfrak{L}}=-\Delta . In this article, L {\mathfrak{L}} stands for a general second-order elliptic operator.

Preliminary Numerical Modelling of a Dynamic Spring-Mounted Wing System to Reduce the Drag of Vehicles at Higher Speeds

The dynamic behaviour of a spring-mounted symmetrical NACA0012 wing in a freestream flow of air is studied in the pre-stall region, over 0° to 12° angles of incidence. The primary aim of this work is for use within the automotive sector to reduce drag and fuel emissions. However, this work will also be of interest in the motorsport sector to improve performance, and also have some applications within the aerospace and renewable energy sectors. The general operation of the concept has previously been verified at these low angles in the pre-stall region with that of a theoretical estimation using finite and infinite wings. This paper provides a numerical solution of the same problem and is compared with the previous experimentation. At these low angles, the computations yield a dynamic response settling into a static equilibrium. The stable solutions match the start of a steady regime well, when compared with the experiment. The trends are also comparable with the experiment, but the velocities at which they occur are underestimated in the computation. The computations demonstrate a drag reduction of 59% when compared to a fixed wing, whereas the lift remains stable at a near constant value with increasing wind speed. Thence, downforce is maintained whilst drag is reduced, which will facilitate higher speeds on the straight whilst maintaining vehicle direction stability. Limitations to this proof-of-concept work are highlighted and future development work is suggested to achieve even further increases in performance.

Towards an Understanding of the Music Value Chain in Ghana: The Role of Artiste Managers

The Ghana music value chain pivots on the dynamics of the artiste managers who handle the various music genres. Unfortunately, studies on artiste managers, the types of artiste managers, and a detailed description of their training, and general operations are rare in the Ghanaian context. Hence, this study was conducted to shed light on the significant roles of artiste managers for a better understanding of the Ghanaian music value chain. The research used a triangulated approach (qualitative and quantitative) to collect data. The primary research method employed was qualitative through semi-structured interviews (face-to-face and telephone as well as video calls). The quantitative method was employed mainly as a secondary source from the MUSIGA-KPMG Report (2014) among others. The results showed that different types of artiste managers in Ghana are found across different genres captured in the music value chain. These artiste managers are key at the marketing stage of the music value chain. Thus, performance is used as a channel to convey the music of the artiste to the music consumers. Based on the results, it is recommended that the government enact policies that streamline music skills development by making music apprenticeships attractive. This can be done by supporting ongoing efforts by private institutions to develop the artiste. Thus, a public-private partnership is a laudable approach that has far-reaching implications in creating artistes in the country. The study offers useful information that may contribute to nurturing and developing the artiste for social and economic gains. Keywords: Artiste Managers, Creative Art Industry, Music Value Chain, Ghana

HDConv: Heterogeneous kernel-based dilated convolutions

Dilated convolution has been widely used in various computer vision tasks due to its ability to expand the receptive field while maintaining the resolution of feature maps. However, the critical challenge is the gridding problem caused by the isomorphic structure of the dilated convolution, where the holes filled in the dilated convolution destroy the integrity of the extracted information and cut off the relevance of neighboring pixels. In this work, a novel heterogeneous dilated convolution, called HDConv, is proposed to address this issue by setting independent dilation rates on grouped channels while keeping the general convolution operation. The heterogeneous structure can effectively avoid the gridding problem while introducing multi-scale kernels in the filters. Based on the heterogeneous structure of the proposed HDConv, we also explore the benefit of large receptive fields to feature extraction by comparing different combinations of dilated rates. Finally, a series of experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of some computer vision tasks, such as image segmentation and object detection. The results show the proposed HDConv can achieve a competitive performance on ADE20K, Cityscapes, COCO-Stuff10k, COCO, and a medical image dataset UESTC-COVID-19. The proposed module can readily replace conventional convolutions in existing convolutional neural networks (i.e., plug-and-play), and it is promising to further extend dilated convolution to wider scenarios in the field of image segmentation.

Disparities in outpatient rural cholecystectomy outcomes

BackgroundPrevious studies showed comparable outcomes for common in-patient general surgery operations, but it is unknown if this extends to outpatient operations. Our aim was to compare outpatient cholecystectomy outcomes between rural and urban hospitals. MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was done using the Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample for patients 20-years-and-older undergoing cholecystectomy between 2016 and 2018 ​at rural and urban hospitals. Survey-weighted multivariable regression analysis was performed with primary outcomes including use-of-laparoscopy, complications, and patient discharge disposition. ResultsThe most common indication for operation was cholecystitis in both hospital settings. On multivariable analysis, rural hospitals were associated with higher transfers to short-term hospitals (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.40, 95%CI 1.61-3.58, p ​< ​0.01) and complications (aOR 1.39, 95%CI 1.11-1.75, p ​< ​0.01). No difference was detected with laparoscopy (aOR 1.93, 95%CI 0.73-5.13, p ​= ​0.19), routine discharge (aOR 1.50, 95%C I0.91-2.45, p ​= ​0.11), or mortality (aOR 3.23, 95%CI 0.10–100.0, p ​= ​0.51). ConclusionsPatients cared for at rural hospitals were more likely to be transferred to short-term hospitals and have higher complications. No differences were detected in laparoscopy, routine discharge or mortality.

Design and Manufacturing Challenges in PEMFC Flow Fields—A Review

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are a prime choice for substitute electricity producers. Membrane electrode assembly (MEA), bipolar electrodes, and current collectors belong to only a limited number of primary parts of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Bipolar plates are among the most famous elements in the fuel cell; they are responsible for the electrochemical reaction, as well as the flow of gases from one bipolar plate to another. A bipolar plate is to be a good electro-conducting, non-corrosive, and a high mechanical strength product. The attainability of the specification is achieved by graphite and metallic materials, each one having its own merits and demerits that are discussed in this article. Likewise, making the second pass for the flow pattern is equally important for the cell to have good performance and efficiency. The emergence of innovative and new bipolar plate designs has caused the achievement of high performance of these plates. The present review article principally focuses on the experimental study of diverse flow fields in the design of PEMFC and on the influence of various geometrical properties on the general operation of fuel cells made of PEMFC, and also on the manufacturing procedure utilized for building contemporary fuel cells.

Software compliance in various industries using CI/CD, dynamic microservices, and containers

Abstract The microservices architecture is widely used in modern businesses due to its ability to offer speed, efficiency, adaptability, autonomy, and usability. On the other hand, this architectural paradigm demands a well-designed infrastructure for optimal container and cluster utilization. Establishing version control and a solid continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) infrastructure becomes critical for accelerating software delivery to production and ensuring code alignment with best practices. This scientific investigation investigates the development of customized, specialized CI/CD procedures for software compliance, expanding its scope beyond traditional software delivery to include the complexities of design, testing, and server deployment. By integrating real-world examples from industry and reviewing crucial tools, the goal is to provide organizations with empirical information to navigate the difficulties of modern software development. The upcoming research seamlessly fits into the larger discussion, providing a deep understanding of sophisticated structures and their design. This interdisciplinary research combines the scientific principles governing microservices with the practical specifics of CI/CD methodologies, giving businesses a thorough understanding and practical insight into the tools needed to navigate the diverse landscape of modern software engineering. Among the main findings of this research is a suggestion for a new approach known as General repository compliance operations.

The regularity properties and blow-up of the solutions for nonlocal Schrödinger equations

In this paper, the Cauchy problem for convolution-type nonlocal linear and nonlinear Schrödinger equations (NSEs) is studied. The equations include the general differential operators. The existence, uniqueness, [Formula: see text]-regularity properties of linear problem and the existence, uniqueness, and blow-up at finite time of the nonlinear problem are obtained. By choosing differential operators including in equations, the regularity properties of a different type of nonlocal Schrödinger equation are studied.

First transition dynamics of reaction–diffusion equations with higher order nonlinearity

AbstractIn this study, the dynamics of a reaction–diffusion equation on a bounded interval at the first dynamic transition point is investigated. The main difference of this study from the existing ones in the dynamic transition literature is that in this work, no specific form of the nonlinear operator is assumed except that it is an analytic function of and . The linear operator is also assumed to be a general operator with sinusoidal eigenvectors. Moreover, we assume that there is a first transition as a real simple eigenvalue changes sign. With this general framework, we make a rigorous analysis of the dependence of the first transition dynamics on the coefficients of the Taylor expansion of the nonlinear operator. The main tool we use in this study is the center manifold reduction combined with the classification of the dynamic transition theory. This study is a generalization of a recent work where the nonlinear operator contains only low‐order (quadratic and cubic) nonlinearities. The current generalization requires certain technical difficulties such as the validity of the genericity conditions on the Taylor coefficients of the nonlinear operator and a bootstrapping argument using these genericity conditions. The results of this work can be generalized in various directions, which are discussed in the conclusions section.

An elementary proof of existence and uniqueness for the Euler flow in localized Yudovich spaces

We revisit Yudovich’s well-posedness result for the 2-dimensional Euler equations for an inviscid incompressible fluid on either a sufficiently regular (not necessarily bounded) open set Ω⊂R2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Omega \\subset \\mathbb {R}^2$$\\end{document} or on the torus Ω=T2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Omega =\\mathbb {T}^2$$\\end{document}. We construct global-in-time weak solutions with vorticity in L1∩Lulp\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$L^1\\cap L^p_{ul}$$\\end{document} and in L1∩YulΘ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$L^1\\cap Y^\\Theta _{ul}$$\\end{document}, where Lulp\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$L^p_{ul}$$\\end{document} and YulΘ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$Y^\\Theta _{ul}$$\\end{document} are suitable uniformly-localized versions of the Lebesgue space Lp\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$L^p$$\\end{document} and of the Yudovich space YΘ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$Y^\\Theta $$\\end{document} respectively, with no condition at infinity for the growth function Θ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Theta $$\\end{document}. We also provide an explicit modulus of continuity for the velocity depending on the growth function Θ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Theta $$\\end{document}. We prove uniqueness of weak solutions in L1∩YulΘ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$L^1\\cap Y^\\Theta _{ul}$$\\end{document} under the assumption that Θ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Theta $$\\end{document} grows moderately at infinity. In contrast to Yudovich’s energy method, we employ a Lagrangian strategy to show uniqueness. Our entire argument relies on elementary real-variable techniques, with no use of either Sobolev spaces, Calderón–Zygmund theory or Littlewood–Paley decomposition, and actually applies not only to the Biot–Savart law, but also to more general operators whose kernels obey some natural structural assumptions.

Economic and Productive Impact of the Implementation and Use of Agricultural Irrigation in the State of Tabasco, Mexico

O Objective: Three support programs for agricultural irrigation in 8 municipalities in the State of Tabasco were evaluated for a total area of 972.4 ha with 7 crops per municipality. One production cycle was used for the evaluation of the irrigation units in the State of Tabasco. Design/methodology/approach: The software "System for the Evaluation of Irrigation Units" SISEVUR 3.0 was used for the integration and evaluation of a) general operation of infrastructure; b) producer satisfaction with the infrastructure; c) aspects of improvement in the quantity and quality of production; d) benefits of irrigation on agricultural production and suggestions and opinions of producers regarding hydro-agricultural programs e). The economic/financial evaluation. Results: The crops that responded best to the application of irrigation were: 1) forage corn, with an increase in production of 140.7%; 2) lemon with 97.98%; 3. banana with 58.6%, and 4 sugar cane with 41%. Limitations on study/implications: Data collection required several visits to the producer to improve the collection of reliable data. However, there is a margin of error that could not be quantified due to the particularities of the producers and the work. Findings/conclusions: Bananas and citrus improved production quality and product maintenance throughout the year, favoring supply and demand commitments in the domestic and international markets.