General Analytical Method Research Articles

The evolution of political power legitimacy conceptions

The concept of the power legitimacy as one of the problems in the field of public administration was first mentioned by the German jurist G. Jellinek of the late 19th - early 20th century, then it was deeply developed in the theory of political domination by M. Weber. Realizing the importance of this issue, scientists from different countries one way or another turned to it and refined its various aspects. This article provides a critical analysis of the basic concepts of the legitimacy of power, based on the contribution to the development of this issue by M. Weber, D. Easton, I. Cerovac, J. Rawls, D. Estlund and J. Habermas. Since the problem of the legitimacy of power is directly related to the maintenance of a democratic regime, the declared concepts are considered in the context of the varieties of democracies for which they were created. The purpose of this study is not only to analyze successive concepts of the legitimacy of political power, but also to identify their relationship with the prevailing ideas about democracy in science and society at the time the concept appeared. The study was carried out within the framework of a systematic approach using general theoretical methods of analysis and synthesis, systematization and classification, as well as the case study method for country analysis.

HOW AI CAN REDUCE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE AMONG VULNERABLE POPULATION OF NEW IMMIGRANTS: ASSIMILATION ISSUES RESOLVED WITH AI

The relevance of this study is to examine the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the assimilation of vulnerable immigrant groups, in particular, in facilitating their integration into labour markets of new countries and reducing unemployment. The purpose of the article is to identify opportunities and mechanisms for using AI to support immigrants' adaptation, as well as to analyse policies and programmes aimed at attracting and developing immigrant talent in the field of AI. The study uses general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalisation to evaluate available information, statistics and practical examples. The results of the study demonstrate that artificial intelligence has significant potential to support the assimilation of vulnerable categories of immigrants, facilitate their integration into new socio-economic conditions and reduce unemployment among them. Through the use of innovative AI tools and technologies, immigrants can access personalised educational resources, labour market information, and cultural nuances, which will greatly facilitate their adaptation. An analysis of the impact of AI on immigrant assimilation has shown the effectiveness of online courses, mentoring programmes, and specialised training modules in providing the necessary knowledge and skills to successfully enter the labour market of a new country. In particular, advanced training and retraining programmes available through AI platforms have proven to be highly effective in providing immigrants with relevant competencies and facilitating their professional development. Particular attention was paid to the US policy aimed at attracting and supporting skilled immigrants in the field of AI. The paper shows that the active use of AI in the process of immigrants' adaptation facilitates their rapid integration into the new society and plays a crucial role in reducing the unemployment rate among this group. The practical significance of the publication is to provide recommendations for the development of effective strategies for using AI in the process of immigrant integration.

Analysis of the Impact of Digital Communication Tools on Organizational Culture and Communication Effectiveness within Enterprises

The issue of improving the organizational culture of enterprises is becoming increasingly relevant in light of the need to enhance the effectiveness of human resources policy and employees’ motivation. Being aware of the importance of developing organizational culture and the effectiveness of internal communication, managers of enterprises very rarely have an information basis for a model of their effective construction. The study aims to analyze the current role of digital transformation tools within the communication process to optimize organizational culture and increase communication effectiveness. The research was conducted using the general methods of scientific cognition, in particular, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction, specification, and formalization. The study identified the potential of digital communication tools for the cultural and communication optimization of companies. The authors have analyzed the factors of insufficiently effective development of organizational culture. The article substantiates the need for the synergy of process, system-behavioral, adaptive-situational, psychodynamic, and competence approaches. The authors have proposed ways of digital transformation of organizational and communication culture. Based on this, the main vectors for optimizing the concept of organizational management of the transformation of the communication sphere of companies have been identified. It has been proved that the conceptual model of an effective organizational culture is based on long-term measures to implement the strategic goals of enterprise development through continuous self-development and continuous improvement of communication skills using modern and innovative digital tools.

The newspaper 'Vinnytski visti' as a source on the activities of Ukrainian authorities under german occupation in 1941

The research aims to reveal the peculiarities of reflecting the activities of the Ukrainian authorities during the establishment of Nazi occupation in the local press ("Vinnytski Visti") and to indicate the source value of periodicals as an important resource for assessing the nature and competencies of local authorities in the Vinnytsia region. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of the complex phenomenon of press coverage of the activities of Ukrainian self-government bodies under occupation by a totalitarian regime. General historical methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization are used, along with content analysis and critique of periodicals as historical sources. The scientific novelty lies in analyzing a specific part of the periodical publication, focusing on the coverage of the complex of measures undertaken by Ukrainian local authorities in the field of administrative management, regulation of economic activities, social protection measures, and cultural life. This attempts, at the regional level, to reveal the true nature and functionality of the apparatus and activities of the Ukrainian authorities under occupation at its initial stage in 1941. Conclusions: Analyzing the publication "Vinnytski Visti" from September to December 1941, it is noted that the newspaper, as a periodical of local government, functionally had corresponding directions: providing the population with information about events in the world, country, and regional space; informing about the relations between the population and local authorities, introducing innovations in community life; explaining and commenting on the content of events and news, undoubtedly through the positions of the German occupation authorities and attempting to ensure their support by coordinating activities in various spheres of life, striving to ensure social consensus; despite the limitations of the occupation authorities, it popularized Ukrainian cultural heritage, called for the revival of folk traditions, and the eradication of the ethical practices imposed by the Bolshevik regime, while in the conditions of Nazi totalitarianism, it served as a mouthpiece for agitation and propaganda. The significance of the newspaper was particularly substantial in terms of informing about the renewal of the system of administrative management and fiscal policy, conducting mobilization measures, and organizing public events to arrange cultural and educational life in the community. The analysis of the newspaper as a source also shows the specificity of the powers of the local Ukrainian authorities, which, not being elected but appointed by the occupiers, had their own specifics. According to the procedure of formation, the local authorities were appointed, but in terms of powers, they corresponded institutionally to the functions of a local self-government body.

Adaptive Approach as a Tool of Library Management in the Conditions of Turbulent External Environment

The purpose of the article is to define the role, place and possibilities of the adaptive approach in library management within the framework of practical implementation of the concept of sustainable innovative development of the library industry; to study the reasons for applying adaptive management methods in libraries. Research methods. The following methods and approaches were used: general scientific methods of cognition, in particular, analysis and synthesis, abstract and logical, monographic and analytical, decomposition and systematic approach. Using these methods ensured the validity of the provisions of this study. The scientific novelty lies in creating a holistic view of the features, trends and factors of the adaptive approach in library management. Conclusions. A system is considered adaptive if it can adapt to changes in internal and external conditions. Such a system remains operational in the event of unforeseen changes in the properties of the managed object, management goals, or environmental conditions by changing its functioning algorithm, behavioural programme, or search for optimal states. The task of adaptive library management is to keep the library as a system and its processes within the specified limits. The adaptive management system assesses the state of the process within the limits of permissible fluctuations and determines the need for corrective adaptation measures. Fluctuations in the processes of a library institution are expressed in terms of library production. Thus, the use of adaptive management methods meets the practical tasks of sustainable innovative development of the library industry and can be used in the library management tools for its implementation. An adaptive approach to library management is possible in the following cases: a) a developed forecasting system for prompt monitoring of the current situation of the library; b) the possibility of promptly changing plans if they no longer correspond to the new reality; c) an effective system of operational management accounting and control.

Digital Projects in the Library Field of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to identify their features, effectiveness, and problems of implementation based on a study of digital projects in the library sector of Ukraine in the early 20s of the twenty-first century. Research methods. The general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, generalisation, and information methods were applied, which made it possible to achieve the goal. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is a comprehensive study of digital projects in the library sector of Ukraine; clarification of the peculiarities of digitalisation of Ukrainian libraries in times of war; clarification of the main categories, such as digital, electronic and virtual library; introduction of information about projects from online sources into scientific circulation. Conclusions. In the current conditions of rapid development of information technologies, the principles of library space organisation, methods of library and information activities, and resource support for library collections are being rethought; libraries are striving to use all the possibilities of digitalisation in their activities. This is facilitated by digital library projects focused primarily on the digitisation of documentary heritage, the digitalisation of user service processes, and the creation of new types of libraries: digital, electronic, virtual, etc. Libraries are becoming new modern information hubs and digital education centres for users. Library projects have become especially important and widespread since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and full-scale Russian aggression. The article focuses on the joint projects of the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine and the Ukrainian Library Association in the development of digital literacy within the framework of the national project “Diia. Digital Education”, the projects “Digitalisation of Libraries” and “Capacity Building of Libraries – Digital Education Hubs”, etc. However, in the process of implementing the projects, there are difficulties and problems related to the digital divide, the lack of computers and special digitisation devices in a number of libraries, and the lack of qualified staff capable of working with virtual users in the new conditions of digitalisation of society, which requires the organisation of training and retraining courses. The problems of digitalisation of Ukrainian libraries of various types in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war require further research.

Disciplinary society as a prerequisite for the formation of organizational culture

Aim. To identify the correlation of the narratives “organizational culture” and “organizational behavior” with the metanarratives “economism” and “disciplinary society” as belonging to a single civilizational space.Objectives. To trace the historical conditionality of the emergence of the concepts of “organizational culture” and “organizational behavior” as concepts and norms of disciplinary society; on the basis of these concepts to convey the desire to develop optimal technologies of social engineering to rationalize work.Methods. The author applied general scientific methods of textual and comparative analysis, synthesis, as well as basic principles of historical and philosophical method of research.Results. The unity of value and semantic assumptions between the concepts of “organizational behavior” and “disciplinary society” is shown. The most important tools of influence and control of disciplinary society, in particular panopticism, are also used to form organizational culture. Individual self-control — “technique-self” — is generated by people due to their realization of total control over themselves. A person controls himself if he wants to be a unit of society or labor collective. This is the basis for such forms of social engineering as “organizational culture” and “organizational behavior”.Conclusions. The idea of a disciplinary society is that the outcome of human socialization would be the controllability of man over the socio-political institutions of domination. Man's controllability of power becomes a condition of his usefulness, including economic. However, the task of organizational culture is to find ways in which a person, being disciplined within the framework acceptable to society, retains the desire for creativity, which is necessary for society and its institutions as a condition for development.

Methods for estimating entropy and analyzing sectoral development of the economy

Aim. To substantiate the method of estimating the entropy of the sectoral structure of the economy and on this basis to develop methods of analyzing its sectoral development.Objectives. To define the essence of sectoral entropy of socio-economic systems; to consider the approaches to its assessment and the relationship between the entropy of industries and average per capita gross domestic product (GDP) with the structure of value added of industries of the economy.Methods. To achieve the set goals, the general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, as well as methods of statistical data processing were applied.Results. The expediency of using a probabilistic approach to the estimation of entropy of homogeneous economic structures, which with their development changes according to the exponential law, is substantiated. The position that it is reasonable to estimate the entropy of a homogeneous structure by the averaged sum of entropies of its elements has been argued. The boundary values of the entropy of a homogeneous structure are established. The exponential relationship between the entropy of industries and average GDP per capita and the structure of value added of industries, industry entropy and the share of net taxes on production and imports in the GDP structure has been determined.Conclusions. The identified features of sectoral development of the economy constitute a theoretical and methodological basis, which allows us to establish the significance of influencing factors. This is necessary for sectoral regulation of the economy.

Features of the manifestation of the carnival principle in N.V. Gogol's novella "Nevsky Prospekt"

This article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of carnivalization in N.V. Gogol's novella "Nevsky Prospekt". The paper analyzes the key manifestations of carnivalization in the story, such as the creation of a game atmosphere, blurring the boundaries between the real and the fantastic, the metamorphoses of the characters, the use of the grotesque and the combination of the comic with the tragic. Special attention is paid to the image of Nevsky Prospekt as a carnivalized space where various social strata, masks and roles are mixed. The article also examines the parallel storylines of Lieutenant Pirogov and the artist Piskarev. The study demonstrates how Gogol masterfully uses elements of carnivalization to create a multifaceted and ambivalent picture of life in which the high and the low, the tragic and the comic combine and interact with each other. Along with general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization, descriptive and comparative methods are used in the work. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the consideration of the death scene of the protagonist of the story by the artist Piskarev, in the aspect of the theory of carnival. According to the results of the study, it was found that in the story "Nevsky Prospekt" the key features of carnivalization are vividly manifested: the creation of a playful, festive atmosphere in a specific space of Nevsky Prospekt; the erasure of hierarchical and social differences between the characters; the intertwining of the illusory and real worlds; the use of grotesque images and the combination of the ridiculous with the tragic. Special attention is paid to the analysis of Piskarev's suicide scene, which is considered as the culmination of a carnival action, where the tragic event acquires an ambivalent character and becomes a kind of symbol of the collapse of the romantic illusions of the hero. Carnival imagery allows Gogol to convey his own vision of St. Petersburg as a city of contrasts, where the high borders on the low, and beauty turns into vulgarity. Thus, the study makes a significant contribution to understanding the role of carnivalization in the artistic world of the story "Nevsky Prospekt" and expands the understanding of the creative method of N.V. Gogol.

Interaction of politics and religion as a factor in shaping the religious culture of Kyrgyzstan’s youth

Democracy and frequent changes of government in Kyrgyzstan contribute to the spread of various religious movements in the country. Social processes, political shifts and the spread of radical religious ideas among young people emphasize the relevance of this study. The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of Kyrgyzstan's religious policy on the religious consciousness of contemporary youth. The study used general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, historical and critical, comparative, dialectical, as well as empirical methods of surveys and questionnaires. The study showed that the religious policy of Kyrgyzstan is characterized by democracy and liberalism, based on the secular nature of the state. Kyrgyzstan is a multi-confessional country, with more than 30 religions. The vast majority of Kyrgyzstan's population are Sunni Muslims, and the second most common religious denomination is Orthodox Christianity. Since 1991, Kyrgyzstan has witnessed a process of Islamization, and non-traditional religious movements, both Islamic and other religious doctrines, have also penetrated and gained popularity in the country. The state's liberal policy in the field of religion facilitates the penetration of non-traditional religious organizations from abroad into Kyrgyzstan. Young people are particularly susceptible to new religious movements. This phenomenon can lead to the spread of radical religious ideas among the youth of Kyrgyzstan. In this regard, the state should pay closer attention to the policy in the field of religion. The practical value of the work is determined by the fact that its results can be useful in further research on this issue.

«Strategic business company» in the understanding of the Law on Foreign Investments

The object of the study is the implementation of foreign investments in strategic sectors of the economy, the subject of the study is a «strategic business entity» as an object of investment activity. The author examines aspects of the normative and legal definition of «a business entity of strategic importance for ensuring the defense of the country and the security of the state», the features of the use of this concept in law enforcement. Particular attention is paid to the role of strategic business entities in ensuring the implementation of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the study was made up of general logical methods of theoretical analysis, as well as a special formal-legal method and a method of technical-legal analysis. The conclusion is substantiated about the law enforcement agency going beyond the literal interpretation of the regulatory definition of a «strategic business entity» and a new concept of such a company is formulated and understood as «a legal entity created in the Russian Federation, implementing and (or) having the ability to implement, on the basis of a license, other permit document or agreement, any of the types of activities that are of strategic importance for ensuring the defense of the country and the security of the state and the implementation of national priorities provided for by the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation (including performing work, providing services, delivering products necessary for another legal entity to implement the specified type of activity)». This definition must be provided for in the law in order to ensure legal certainty and create a positive investment climate.

Manifestations and consequences of water conflicts: case study of the Pechenihy reservoir, Kharkiv region, Ukraine

Statement of the problem. The article discusses the manifestations and consequences of such conflicts, in particular their impact on the Pechenihy Reservoir. The study of the problem of water clashes and its exhaustive justification is an important step in the development of effective strategies for managing water resources and preventing the negative consequences of conflicts. Despite the generally defined interpretation of water conflicts, the term should be considered more thoroughly as a phenomenon, based on its duality, because such conflicts can be provoked by different reasons, and therefore their course and consequences may differ. The study of the problem of water clashes and its exhaustive justification is an important step in the development of effective strategies for managing water resources and preventing the negative consequences of conflicts. The study of the problems of water conflicts with the example of the Pechenihy reservoir is due to the novelty of the problem faced by this reservoir. For the first time, the Pechenihy reservoir witnessed large-scale hostilities and, accordingly, for the first time in the history of its existence, faced the devastating consequences of the war. A comprehensive characterization of the reservoir as a center of local water skirmish is necessary, especially in the context of determining the manifestations and classifications of water conflicts. The aim of the work is to set out the causes, classifications and consequences of water conflicts that arise in the context of the use of water resources based on the example of the Pechenihy reservoir. The article aims at a comprehensive analysis of the impact of these conflicts on the geo-ecological and social spheres. Methods. In addition to general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization, geographical methods of research were used. A special place was occupied by the methods of space hydrology (deciphering aerospace images of the reservoir). The applied method of system analysis helped to identify and clearly classify the situation around the studied reservoir as a local water conflict with the identification of the problem and the way of its course. Results. The study substantiates the phenomenon of water conflicts, highlighting their dual nature as both geo-ecological and social issues, exacerbated by military operations. The hydrological and technical characteristics of the Pechenihy reservoir were examined, revealing significant geo- and hydroecological problems due to nearby combat activities. The study provides a first-time analysis of local water conflict events from the onset of the Russian invasion to the Kharkiv counteroffensive, classifying the conflict around the Pechenihy reservoir as armed, with water serving as both a victim and weapon. The novelty of this article is manifested in an in-depth study of the specifics of hydroecological conflicts in the conditions of long-term hostilities around the Pechenihy reservoir, followed by a comprehensive analysis of the geoecological and social aspects of this problem.

UNIVERSAL AND SPECIFIC IN THE FORMATION AND FUNCTION OF COMPOUND ABBREVIATED WORDS IN THE INDO-EUROPEAN AND CHINESE LANGUAGES

The purpose of the proposed study is to determine universal and specific features in the systems of compound abbreviated words of some Indo-European languages (Ukrainian, Polish, English, French, Italian, German), which are inflectional in their morphological nature and have letter graphics, and the Chinese language, which is the root language and has hieroglyphic graphics. The object of study is the abbreviations of the above-mentioned languages and trends in the functioning of these language units. The subject of research is the relationship between the derivatives of compound abbreviated units and those language units that act as creative for them. The material of the study was taken from several dictionaries of abbreviations, and many lists and realities available for review. In total, more than 4500 language units were considered, of which almost 1150 (in total from different languages) were analyzed. It should be noted that only those units that are formed from word combinations, i.e. compound abbreviated words, were studied; Abbreviations of one word were not considered as an object of analysis. The main methods of research are general methods of analysis and synthesis, procedures of methods of comparative, word-forming, syntactic, graphic analysis and descriptive method. The result of the analysis is presented in a number of conclusions. The formation and functioning of compound abbreviated words is a linguistic universal at the present stage of language development. Representatives of the linguistic schools formed on the basis of the Indo-European languages consider the law of economy of speech means to be the “driving force” of the abbreviation process. In Chinese linguistics, there is an opinion that the phenomenon of contraction is natural for the Chinese language, because it reflects the ancient monosyllabicity of Chinese words. In different languages, the set of ways to form compound abbreviated words depends on their typological features, the rules of the order of words in combinations, graphic features of written speech, pronunciation features, and methods of word formation.

Foreign experience in organizing state and business relationship and its impact on urbanization

The subject of this study is the relationship between state and municipal authorities, representatives of business sector, the population of certain territories in terms of the need for physical interaction between government and business, which ultimately affects the location of the population. The goal is to prove that Russia's big business itself strives to be physically closer to the authorities, which does not have a positive effect on the processes of urbanization. In its turn, foreign experience demonstrates more effective options for the relationship between state and business that do not affect other social processes. In this work, the author uses statistical method, the method of modeling in terms of formulating the author's proposals, expert assessments, comparative legal method, as well as general scientific methods of deduction, induction, analysis and synthesis. The work shows close relationship between business and public authorities in the Russian Federation, which is due to the territorial location of a large number of people in the area where there are conditions for such interaction. The described situation is not characteristic of most foreign countries. Some variants of influence for overcoming the specified problem are offered. Scope of the results: public administration system, including the processes of state influence on economic entities. Also, individual proposals can be applied in urban planning, solving issues of demography and urbanization. Russia is characterized by a very close relationship between state power and the commercial sector, which significantly distinguishes it from most of other countries, at least in terms of territorial structure. This situation has a negative impact on a large number of social institutions, and therefore it is necessary to take a number of organizational measures, including the use of administration of planning and urban planning activities based on foreign experience.

A general method for trace substance detection based on cross-correlation theory

In order to improve the limit of detection (LOD) of trace substances, a general signal analysis and processing method based on cross-correlation theory is proposed, including correlation detection methods and multi-channel signal modified methods. In this paper, both methods were validated on Raman and GC-MS detection, trace substance in insulating oil (dibenzyl disulfide) is introduced as an example, and verification test of multi-substances detection is also conducted. More generally, the cross-correlation theory based method can be applied to all detection based on spectral peak areas. After applying this method, the LOD can be considerably improved. The traditional detection method based on linear fitting between characteristic peak area and trace substance concentration is implemented as a benchmark. The LOD of Raman detection in traditional way is 338.51 ppm, The LOD of GC-MS detection in traditional way is 317.26 ppb. The correlation detection results show that the LOD of Raman spectroscopy and GC-MS are respectively increased by 1.90/2.76 times compared with traditional way. And when the multi-channel signal modified method is introduced, the qualitative LOD of Raman detection reaches 9.8 ppm (number of channel is 100), the qualitative LOD of GC-MS detection reaches 39.1 ppb (number of channel is 10). Comparative study with conventional noise reduction methods have also been carried out, and the results show that correlation detection and multi-channel signal modified method are superior to them.

Forecasting technique of transport need for population of cities with high tourist potential during peak seasons

Introduction. One of the key problems in ensuring the quality of recreation for the population is the provision of transport services that meet the transport needs of vacationers. The study of the transport needs of the population of resort cities during the holiday season is caused by the need to assess changing passenger flows as a result of a multiple increase due to vacationers in accordance with their place of attraction and possible adjustments to the routes of regular passenger transportation by road. This determines the relevance of the topic of this article. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for determining the needs for transport services for the population and vacationers in cities with high resort potential during the busiest periods, which makes it possible to design transportation processes along regular routes.Materials and methods. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, the provisions of probability theory and mathematical statistics, mathematical modeling, as well as the provisions of the technology of transport processes were used as the main research methods. The work carried out the zoning of the city into transport areas with a center of gravity at stopping points of urban passenger transport. Calculations of potential transport needs were carried out on the basis of a survey of vacationers and field observations, which were processed using standard Microsoft Excel and Statistika software.Results. The main result of the work is a methodology for determining the potential transport needs of the population and vacationers in cities with high tourism potential for the development and adjustment of routes for regular passenger transportation by road during the holiday season, which represents the scientific novelty of the research. The technique contains a mathematical model and algorithm.Discussion and conclusion. The use of this methodology will enable the organizer of transportation in resort cities to optimize the organization of regular passenger transportation by road during peak seasons.

Тестирование коммуникативных компетенций владения русским языком

The article discusses the problem of methodology and methods for assessing the communicative competencies of adult native speakers of Russian. Communication skill is one of the major soft skills within university education. To assess the development of this skill, a valid and convenient tool is needed. The aim is to to create a set of tasks to assess the communication skills of adult native speakers of Russian, to test it on a focus group of students, as well as to study sociolinguistic factors affecting test results (age, major, etc.). This article describes the principle of creating a methodological complex, which includes: an algorithm for assessing communicative competencies, sets of test tasks to assess the level of spoken and written speech proficiency, a scale for assessing test results. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, and the modeling method were used. The algorithm for assessing communicative competencies includes: assessment component (linguistic, discursive and stylistic, rhetorical and pragmatic, ethical); assessment criteria; rating scale; rating levels; types of tasks (editing defective text according to the norms of the Russian language and its stylistics; programmed control, tests, writing, public speaking – monologue, debate, etc.). As the result, the developed methodological complex could be used for assessing the communicative competencies of university students. With this complex it is possible to monitor and assess the quality of educational programs in terms of the communication skills development among students. For educational purposes, it is planned to involve students in the implementation of the project, which will give them the opportunity to develop professional skills using the presented parameters for assessing communication competencies.

A general stability analysis method for regenerative oscillating heat engines based on heat-dynamics network model and Nyquist criterion

A general stability analysis method for regenerative oscillating heat engines based on heat-dynamics network model and Nyquist criterion

The influence of M.A. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” to Yu Hua’s novel “Brothers”: carnivalization as a way of forming a novel narrative

The object of the study is the texts of two famous works of Russian and Chinese literature – novels by Bulgakov's "The Master and Margarita" and Yu Hua's "Brothers"; The subject of the study is the techniques of carnivalization that are found in novels and which, obviously, appeared in Yu Hua under the influence of Bulgakov, with whose work he was well acquainted. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comparison of the works of Russian and Chinese writers, and the identification of another way of interaction between Russian and Chinese culture, which is being carried out in Russian literary studies for the first time. The research was carried out on the basis of historical-literary, biographical, comparative and hermeneutical methods, using general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, observation, description, etc. As a result of the study, it was noted that the aesthetics of carnivalism is clearly manifested in the works of both writers. The novel narrative is organized according to the laws of carnival action, it contains carnival chaos, grotesque, images of jesters, madmen and descriptions of crazy actions, a carnival attitude towards freedom and death, ridicule of authorities, mockery of order, disappointment in high ideals, a combination of high and low, image crowds as a single figure and other features. It is concluded that Yu Hua absorbed the aesthetics of the carnival through Russian literature, including Bulgakov’s novel "The Master and Margarita". This aesthetics was close to him, which, like the Russian writer, contributed to the description of the new world that arose around the heroes of the novels after the revolutionary changes that had occurred.

Lexemes vozrast (age) and vozrastnoy (age) as euphemisms in modern media discourse

The object of this study is the lexemes vozrast and vozrastnoy; the subject of the study is the euphemistic uses of these lexemes and their semantic derivation in modern Russian and in media discourse. The author examines the definitions of lexemes in the main explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, analyzing their semantic structure. The use of these lexemes in modern journalistic discourse as euphemisms is analyzed on the basis of the National Corpus of the Russian language. The corpus study confirms a significant number of euphemistic names of age in modern Russian, as well as the assumption that in modern journalistic discourse the lexeme vozrast can be used in the meaning of ‘old age’, and vozrastnoy — in the meaning of ‘elderly’. The research was conducted using general scientific methods of component and contextual analysis, corpus research, functional-semantic method, elements of quantitative method, etc. The scientific novelty of the study consists in identifying the features of the functioning of the lexemes vozrast and vozrastnoy, acting as euphemisms, in modern Russian speech (based on the material of media discourse), namely, in the high use of euphemistic uses. Contexts with such uses usually report that the psychological age does not coincide with the physical one, about the desire of people to look younger than their years (more often about women), to hide their real (physical) age, about worries about the past youth. The euphemization reflects the cultural notion of old age as an abnormal age. It is concluded that the euphemistic meanings of the lexemes vozrast and vozrastnoy have become entrenched in the language, have become widely used and stylistically neutral. Thanks to the euphemistic meaning, the lexemes have expanded their use.