General Matter Research Articles

JIHAD DAN PERLAKSANAANNYA DALAM REALITI KONTEMPORARI

This article will touch on various aspects of jihad, the distribution of jihad, the reward of al-Quran based jihad, the implementation of jihad in contemporary contexts and the discussion of this paper which focuses on jihad in the contemporary context as there is a great deal of confusion among Muslims and non-Muslims about the meaning of jihad itself is often referred to as a war of arms that has led to bloodshed and murder. The confusion also involves the target groups to be fought. The so-called jihadist war does not quite meet the true meaning of jihad as Islam demands, but when it is studied deeper the definitions made about jihad include more general matters. Therefore, this paper focuses on qualitative studies by emphasizing the study's focus on the purpose of jihad and its implementation which has been given by past and contemporary scholars who look to the aspect of the head of the Prophet S.A.W's struggle by not only focusing on the narrow aspects of the jihadist sense in line with the shariah maqasid's perspective.

Problems of transit area interior space of railway stations including those referred to monuments of architectural heritage

Space planning decisions of the existing transit areas of railway stations do not meet the current norms in terms of transport security and transport capacity in many ways. The interior space designed for a far smaller passenger traffic flow does not allow all the new functions and does not have any free space to provide the information field in the confined conditions. The article is devoted to general matters that arise in the process of adaptation, modernization, reconstruction or restoration of existing railway station buildings.

Mattering is an indicator of organizational health and employee success

ABSTRACT Mattering, one’s sense of the difference one makes in the world, has been variously described in psychological and philosophical literatures. We propose the experience of mattering is tied to the perceived impact of one’s actions and is best understood as an action-oriented, context-dependent construct. We introduce the Organizational Mattering Scale (OMS) for measuring mattering in organizations. Across four studies, factor analysis revealed a general mattering factor and two sub-factors, recognition and achievement (CFI = .98, RMSEA = .06). Construct validity and predictive validity are established across a range of psychological and organizational measures. Notably, OMS scores were more related to self-efficacy than self-esteem (p < .01), and positively related to key business outcomes, including job satisfaction (r = .51, p < .01), having a leadership role (t = 6.91, p < .01), recent promotions (t = 2.26, p < .05) and retention (r = .31, p < .01).

Lex Posterior and Lex Specialis Legal Maxims in Russian Criminal Law

The present article stipulates on various disputable issues of applying the general legal maxims on overcoming the conflict of lex posterior derogate priori and lex specialis derogate legi generali based on the empirical examples of contemporary Russian criminal law. The objective is to clear the peculiarities of operating the lex posterior and lex specialis maxims including, inter alia, through appealing to the doctrine and positive law in the aspect of correlation with some specific colnflict rules. For this purpose, the author turns to a number of techniques, ways and methods of legal phenomena studies, such as, particularly, system approach, ascend from abstract to specific, using the logic of standard and normative statements, conceptual and definition analysis, speculative experiment, legal and dogmatic approach, legal simulation method, law comparison method. The main conclusion of the research is formulated as follows: though the principles of lex specialis and lex posterior are generated by the legal doctrine as criteria for selecting one out of two conflicting options, the principle that a law governing a specific subject matter overrides a law governing only general matters finds a wider scope of application compared to the principle of priority of a new law over the old one. The situation is explained by the fact that lex specialis is deliberately used by the legislators to construct logical relationships of legal rules, while lex posterior does not perform a similar function

Research on the Application of Unity3D in the Protection and Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Intangible Cultural Heritage is an important part in the soul of a region. The protection and inheritance of existing intangible cultural heritage projects are of great historical and realistic significance to the historical and cultural heritage of the city and the promotion of national, scientific and popular socialist culture. Unity3D is a comprehensive game engine based on multi-platform, it has the characteristics of specialization, and it also has obvious effect in other fields. This article focuses on the application of unity3d in the field of protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, summarizes the general process and matters needing attention in the production of protection and inheritance works and hopes to provide some help for future related work.

Executive Power in the Obama Administration and the Decision to Seek Congressional Authorization for a Military Attack Against Syria: Implications for Theories of Unilateral Action

President Obama’s decision to defer to Congress will not serve as a precedent that constrains future presidents, since it did not resolve any questions about the correct distribution of the constitutional war powers and was a pragmatic judgment rather than a principled one. Previous instances of presidents making analogous decisions had no lasting effect on the overall trend toward increasing presidential discretion in using military force. Presidential unilateralism begets other instances of unilateral action. Furthermore, engaging Congress in what is more commonly an area of unilateral action not only fails to serve as a precedent in the other direction but can also lead to more unilateralism. The process of presidential action could certainly be described as a ratchet process. At the same time, it is unrealistic to expect a single decision to reverse a long-standing historical trend. Eric Posner and Adrian Vermeule have little patience with ratchet arguments in any event, insisting that the necessary conditions do not exist and that the term serves as a loose label “often confused with a simple trend or with endogenous but reversible change in some variable that would quickly revert to its original value if other legal or social conditions changed.” If President Obama’s decision will have little long-term effect on the distribution of power, what lessons can be drawn from it? We might reframe the underlying prediction of maximizing discretion as a normative one for which presidents need to be aware that foregoing unilateral action comes with political cost. In 2014, President Obama and his aides concluded that he has not been aggressive enough in asserting the office’s capacity to act as a general matter. Reviewing 2013—which the White House concedes was not a very good year for the President—Senior Advisor Dan Pfeiffer concluded that the President “too often governed more like a prime minister than a President” and recommended an emphasis on “an executive style of governing that aims to sidestep Congress more often.”108 It was more of a rhetorical shift than a substantive one, since President Obama had hardly shied away from unilateral action earlier in his presidency, with a few exceptions. But it is more consistent with unilateral theory, and it suggests that the President recognizes the risks of passivity and the importance of retaining the initiative.

The Place of State Higher Vocational Schools (SHVS) from the Lublin Voivodeship in Local and Regional Development Strategies

Summary Subject and purpose of work: The objective of this elaboration is to specify the place of state higher vocational schools from the Lublin voivodeship in development strategies of various territorial levels. Materials and methods: The method of document research was applied within this elaboration, which consists of analysing the content of strategies and development plans. Within the study the induction method was also used (stage of literary studies), analysis and synthesis (stage of empirical research), deduction method (conceptual stage). Results: References to state vocational schools occur more frequently in diagnostic segments than the programming ones of these strategic documents. Territorial self-government units (TSU) of the Chełmski subregion consider to a larger degree and thus, appreciate the functioning and public functions of vocational schools than it is the case with the Bialski or Zamojski subregions. Conclusions: Within the regional strategic documents of the Lublin Voivodeship, statements referring to higher education refer rather to general matters. Within the local strategic documents, one may more frequently encounter more direct and literal references to the methods of possibilities of cooperation and co-action between TSU and business with state vocational schools for the benefit of local territorial arrangements.

Philosophical Thought of Al-Farabi as Models of Establishing Civil Society in the Era of Technology Disruption

Islamic educational institutions or schools are educational institutions which have tersistem the first time in Indonesia before the Dutch introduced the school system. Their historical time interval that shows long-existence of Islamic educational institutions becomes a serious problem when Islamic education has not been able to produce human beings are ready to face the era of technology disruption (the industrial revolution 4.0) as it is today. The limited views on Islamic education is only concerned issues of religious materials, does not include a general matter, giving rise to the separation between Islamic educational institutions with general education institutions. So these problems, this study tries to introduce the conception of al-Farabi's philosophical thinking about civil society and Islamic education to address and provide solutions for the development of Islamic education in today's changing times is the era of technology disruption (the industrial revolution 4.0). This research method using descriptive qualitative method with historical-philosophical approach and heuristic data analysis, verification, interpretation, synthesis. The results showed the order of life of civil society perspective of al-Farabi will materialize if the community prefers aspects of teaching and character formation in the era of disruption technology (industrial revolution 4.0) in order to reach happiness essentials (happiness physical and spiritual), which became the main feature of a civil society. In the middle era of technology disruption (the industrial revolution 4.0) element of physical and spiritual happiness into the main thing that technology can be used wisely and optimally.

Analisis Keandalan Crusher pada PT. Semen Bosowa sebagai Dasar Penentuan Interval Waktu Perawatan

Maintenance of machinery and production facilities are important things that must be done to ensurethe smooth production process. So far, PT Semen Bosowa Maros carries out regular maintenance based ontechnical instructions from machine suppliers which only show general matters without considering the actualoperating conditions. This research is aimed at planning the engine maintenance strategy of the Crusher unitbased on reliability analysis by considering the system reliability improvement target reliability. Downtime datafrom each subsystem / component is converted to time between failure data. Then the data distribution testing iscarried out to get the most appropriate distribution. Based on the data distribution parameters obtained, thereliability function of each subsystem / component can be determined so that the reliability value of eachsubsystem / component and the overall system for a certain time period can be calculated. The results showed thatthe failure or breakdown of the Crusher Unit during January 2012 - January 2014 the main causes weresubsystems / components 241.BC2 (Belt Conveyor 2), 231.BC2 (Belt Conveyor 2), 241.BC1 (Belt Conveyor 1),231 .GL1 (Grizzly Feeder Vibrating), 241.CR1 (Crusher 1) and 231.BC1 (Belt Conveyor 1) so that the allocationof reliability is focused on these subsystems / components. Next, a maintenance strategy is arranged in the form ofoptimal maintenance intervals to achieve the targeted system reliability.

Otoritas Kitab Kuning Dalam Putusan Hakim: Analisis Putusan Hakim di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Lhokseumawe Aceh

In the Islamic law (Fiqh) tradition, "Kitab Kuning" is one of reference in establishing the law. In this context, Kitab Kuning should have the authority to establish law in judicial institutions that implement the Shari'ah system, as is the Syari'ah Court of Lhokseumawe, Aceh. However, the facts show that the judges at the Syar'iyah Court of Lhokseumawe Aceh only referred to legislation as a reference in deciding cases. This article will discuss how the pattern of judges' decision-making and how the position of the Kitab Kuning in making decisions at the Syar'iyah Court of Lhokseumawe? This research is field research and classified as qualitative with a normative juridical approach and empirical sociological approach. This study found that the judge collects various facts that have been submitted by the plaintiff and the defendant, then holds a deliberation to terminate the case to purge general matters to be specific. The Kitab Kuning authority in making decisions at the Mahkamah Syar'iyah of Lhokseumawe is in a position parallel to al-quran and hadith, as a material source. because the source of the decisions of the judges at the Syar'iyah Court of Lhokseumawe came from the PA Act of 1974, the presidential instruction in 1991, and the judicial law in 1970 (formal sources). However, the 3 sources of law in each decision are inspired by the legal descriptions of Kitab Kuning through the Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI). Thus the judges should no longer refer to the Kitab Kuning when deciding the case. Because the formal and material laws that apply in the Religious Courts are available and have permanent legal force and the requirements proclaimed by the government are worthy of review.

FILSAFAT SEBAGAI CARA HIDUP

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract:&lt;/strong&gt; Philosophy is often popularly accepted as an abstract&lt;br /&gt;science and unrealistic. The reality of human life is not touched&lt;br /&gt;by philosophy. This assumption must be falsified. Philosophy is&lt;br /&gt;not a science that comes from another planet. From the beginning,&lt;br /&gt;philosophy was closely related to human reflection about his life in&lt;br /&gt;the context of the macrocosm and microcosm. Philosophy thinks&lt;br /&gt;about human life and presents a path to the goals of life both&lt;br /&gt;personally and collectively. In this sense philosophy is not an purely&lt;br /&gt;academic matter, it is also not a private matter of philosophers, but&lt;br /&gt;it is an general matter. Everyone is able to philosophize.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keywords:&lt;/strong&gt; Philosophy, way of life, wonder, wisdom, selfknowledge,&lt;br /&gt;enlightenment&lt;/p&gt;

The effect of surrogate procedure volume on bariatric surgery outcomes: do common laparoscopic general surgery procedures matter?

A growing body of evidence shows that experience and acquired skills from surrogate surgical procedures may be transferrable to a specific index operation. It is unclear whether this applies to bariatric surgery. This study aims to determine whether there is a surrogate volume effect of common laparoscopic general surgery procedures on all-cause bariatric surgical morbidity. This was a population-based study of all patients aged ≥ 18 who received a bariatric procedure in Ontario from 2008 to 2015. The main outcome of interest was all-cause morbidity during the index admission. All-cause morbidity included any documented complication which extended length of stay by 24h or required reoperation. Bariatric cases included laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. Non-bariatric cases included three common laparoscopic general surgery procedures. 13,836 bariatric procedures were performed by 29 surgeons at nine centers of excellence. A reduction in all-cause morbidity was seen when bariatric surgeons exceeded 75 cases annually (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69-0.98, P = 0.023), with further reduction in increasing bariatric volume. However, the volume of non-bariatric surgeries did not significantly affect bariatric all-cause morbidity rates amongst bariatric surgeons, even when exceeding 100 cases (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.61-1.12, P = 0.222). The present study suggests that experience and skills acquired in performing non-bariatric laparoscopic general surgery does not appear to affect all-cause morbidity in bariatric surgery. Therefore, only a surgeon's bariatric procedure volume should considered be a quality marker for outcomes after bariatric surgery.

The Use of Polymers in the Flotation Treatment of Wastewater

The use of flotation for the treatment of wastewaters in general, but especially for the removal of oil, grease, general organic matter, and suspended solids, is well established as a low energy process. Polyelectrolytes (PEs) can enhance performance without adding to the solids load that occurs with inorganic additives such as alum. The bridging of pollutants and the attachment of the resulting aggregates to the air-water interface can be effectively carried out with most wastewaters. Hydrophobic modification of the PEs can be useful for difficult species. It should be applied to the flotation of polyfluoroalkyl substances, for example, as they are not amenable to economical conventional treatment. Similarly, the removal of microplastic particles from sewage effluents by flotation could be enhanced.

The 2015 and 2016 U.S. Homicide Rate Increases in Context

The U.S. homicide rate increases of 2015-2016 occurred within a longer recorded history of trend variations. This article examines the place of the 2 years within this history and considers if they were unusual. An analysis of more than five decades of panel data finds that 2015 and 2016 were, in fact, somewhat unusual, but not far outside the normal range of variation. The analysis also provides no evidence that changes like those in 2015-2016 can predict future trends. As a more general matter, this article argues for increased attention to the typical characteristics of crime rate changes.

Pengaruh Literacy Skills dan Task-Based Instruction terhadap Intelectual Skills Siswa Tingkat Dasar

In a society that is changing, schools cannot provide intellectual costs from items of special knowledge for lifelong use. The shift that must occur in the content of teaching is a change from emphasis mainly on certain knowledge items that may soon become obsolete, into changes with intellectual skills that can be applied to a broad and mostly unexpected list of tasks and situations. This study aims to: 1) Assess Literacy skills and task-based instruction influencing students 'intellectual skills 2) Assessing Literacy skills and task-based instruction influences students' basic level of intellectual skills. This research is a type of survey research, namely research conducted using a questionnaire as a research tool. The purpose of survey research is to provide a detailed description of the background, traits, and characteristics that are typical of the case will be made into a general matter. In this study the object was a fifth grade student at SDN Kauman II with 15 students and SDN Kauman III Ngoro Jombang with 13 students. The method of sampling in this study is that this study uses a census system because all elementary level students are sampled. Data analysis using multiple linear regression with the help of spss v. 20. The results of the discussion can be summarized as follows: 1) Literacy skills and task-based instruction have an effect on students 'intellectual skills 2) Literacy skills and task-based instruction have an effect on elementary students' intellectual skills.

Wired warfare 3.0: Protecting the civilian population during cyber operations

AbstractAs a general matter, international humanitarian law is up to the task of providing the legal framework for cyber operations during an armed conflict. However, two debates persist in this regard, the resolution of which will determine the precise degree of protection the civilian population will enjoy during cyber operations. The first revolves around the meaning of the term “attack” in various conduct of hostilities rules, while the second addresses the issue of whether data may be considered an object such that operations destroying or altering it are subject to the prohibition on attacking civilian objects and that their effects need be considered when considering proportionality and the taking of precautions in attack. Even if these debates were to be resolved, the civilian population would still face risks from the unique capabilities of cyber operations. This article proposes two policies that parties to a conflict should consider adopting in order to ameliorate such risks. They are both based on the premise that military operations must reflect a balance between military concerns and the interest of States in prevailing in the conflict.

Beyond general relativity models, magnetosphere structure and dark matter stars

The magnetosphere structure of compact objects is considered in the context of a theory of gravity with dynamical torsion field beyond standard General Relativity (GR). To this end, a new spherically symmetric solution is obtained in this theoretical framework, physically representing a compact object of pseudoscalar fields (for example, axion field). The axially symmetric version of the Grad–Shafranov equation (GSE) is also derived in this context, and used to describe the magnetosphere dynamics of the obtained “axion star”. The interplay between high-energy processes and the seed magnetic field with respect to the global structure of the magnetosphere is briefly discussed.

Ensemble in phase space: Statistical formalism of quantum mechanics

We present an alternative formalism of quantum mechanics tailored to statistical ensemble in phase space. The purpose of our work is to show that it is possible to establish an alternative autonomous formalism of quantum mechanics in phase space using statistical methodology. The adopted perspective leads to obtaining within the framework of its theory the master quantum-mechanical equation without recourse to the other formalisms of quantum mechanics, and gives the idea of operators pertaining to dynamical quantities. The derivation of this equation starts with the ensemble in phase space. We have explained with the help of this equation the structure of quantum mechanics in phase space and the approximation to the Schrodinger equation. Furthermore, we have shown that this formalism provides reasonable results of quantization by dealing with some simple cases, which confirm the validity of this formalism. In particular, we have demonstrated that this formalism can easily give the relativistic wave equation without treating the problem of linearizing the Hamiltonian operator by making the most of the point that the master equation is a first-order partial differential equation with respect to time, position and momentum variables, and makes use of the phase velocity. The ultimate outcome this formalism produces is that primary and general matters of quantum mechanics can be studied reasonably within the framework of statistical mechanics.

Multi-criteria for Selection of SmartPhone Brands Product using AHP-TOPSIS Method

Today's communication is very important to do, this can be done by using communication tools that are currently being used by everyone, none other than SmartPhone, so people are competing to get it. Many found difficulties in choosing a SmartPhone Brand Product that suits the wishes of each user from a number of alternatives such as Advance, Xiaomi, OPPO, SAMSUNG, and VIVO, because many criteria must be considered such as memory capacity, battery durability, sharpness of capture camera, the form of design producy, the number of features produced from the product, which is equally important is the overall performance of the product. This difficulty is a general matter discussed by each user, because it requires the best solution that can be used to solve the problem. One method that can be used to select the right SmartPhone is the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method combined with the TOPSIS method. In this case AHP is used to determine the preference quantity in weighting and TOPSIS is used for mathematical detailed calculations of a number of criteria specified in ranking from a number of alternatives. The results obtained based on the mathematical calculation process are the first rank brand products with the highest weight of 0.597 from SAMSUNG, followed by a weight of 0.586 from OPPO, then weighing 0.555 from Advance, then weighing 0.511 from VIVO, and the smallest weight 0.491 from Xiaomi.

Employee Capital Plans in the Form of Insurance - Legal Aspects

Employee Capital Plans (PPK in Polish) are a part of a common system of voluntary pension savings schemes under the third pillar. They are assumed to cover all employees. However, each employee will be able to opt out of the participation in the program.The financial institutions eligible to offer Employee Capital Plans will include investment fund companies, general pension societies and employee pension societies as well as insurance companies. The opportunity to collect capital within the framework of Employee Capital Funds in the form of unit-linked life insurance will have an additional value for the participants, namely an insurance cover. Nevertheless, due to particular regulatory requirements and the difference between the insurance contract and other forms of Employee Capital Funds, it involves certain consequences. The present article is an attempt to address the essential issues concerning Employee Capital Funds offered in the form of insurance, regarding the insurance contract itself, such as insurance coverage or the nature of the contracts for the management and operation of Employee Capital Plans, as well as general matters, which exert an influence on the ECPs provided by insurance undertakings.