General Vector Research Articles

MoCloro: an extension of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii modular cloning toolkit for microalgal chloroplast engineering.

Photosynthetic microalgae are promising green cell factories for the sustainable production of high-value chemicals and biopharmaceuticals. The chloroplast organelle is being developed as a chassis for synthetic biology as it contains its own genome (the plastome) and some interesting advantages, such as high recombinant protein titers and a diverse and dynamic metabolism. However, chloroplast engineering is currently hampered by the lack of standardized cloning tools and Design-Build-Test-Learn workflows to ease genomic and metabolic engineering. The MoClo (Modular Cloning) toolkit based on Golden Gate assembly was recently developed in the model eukaryotic green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to facilitate nuclear transformation and engineering. Here, we present MoCloro as an extension of the MoClo that allows chloroplast genome engineering. Briefly, a Golden Gate-compatible chloroplast transformation vector (pWF.K.4) was constructed, which contains homologous arms for integration at the petA site in the plastome. A collection of standardized parts (promoters, terminators, reporter and selection marker genes) was created following the MoClo syntax to enable easy combinatorial assembly of multi-cassettes in the destination pWF.K.4 vector. The functionality of the biobricks was assayed by constructing and assessing the expression of several multigenic constructs. Finally, a generic vector pK4 was constructed for easy Golden Gate cloning of 5' and 3' homologous arms, allowing targeting at alternative plastome integration sites. This work represents a significant advancement in technology aimed at facilitating more efficient and rapid chloroplast transformation and engineering of green microalgae.

Extending the FDTD GVADE method nonlinear polarization vector to include anisotropy.

In this paper the finite-difference time-domain general vector auxiliary differential equation method [Opt. Express14, 8305 (2006)10.1364/OE.14.008305], nonlinear polarization vector, the nonlinear electric dipole moment per unit volume, is extended to include anisotropy, in nonlinear isotropic media at optical frequencies. The theory is presented for extending the numerical method in 3D Cartesian coordinates, and then example simulation results are presented for two isotropic media. First, the simplified 2D transverse magnetic case is revisited for the fused silica example introduced in the 2006 paper, including the anisotropic part of the nonlinear polarization vector in the simulation; the simulation results including the anisotropic part of the polarization vector were compared with the purely isotropic polarization vector simulation results. Second, a simplified 2D transverse magnetic example was simulated in carbon disulfide, with its strong molecular re-orientation-induced polarization anisotropy.

Современные проблемы повторной преступности. Социально-психологический аспект

<p style="text-align: justify;">Current data of official statistics show a steady decline in the number of crimes committed in our country. There is a general humanistic vector of development of the domestic law enforcement system and, in particular, the system of execution of punishments, which is expressed in the reduction in the number of persons both criminally prosecuted and sentenced to real imprisonment for a certain period of time, the creation and development of the institute of probation as a system of support for those released from prison. At the same time, the problem of crime in general and repeat crime in particular does not lose its relevance. The presented work analyzes the data of scientific research devoted to the study of repeat crime. Special emphasis is made on the group of convicts who repeatedly served their sentences in places of deprivation of liberty or previously served their sentences in educational colonies of the criminal-executive system of the Russian Federation. Through the prism of the study of this sample, the issue of the effectiveness of the system of correction of persons who have committed crimes is analyzed from a psychological point of view. <strong><em>Key words</em></strong>: correction, punishment, youth, convicts, repeated criminality, criminal behavior, criminality, recidivism, penal system of the Russian Federation</p>

Joint Fault Diagnosis of IGBT and Current Sensor in LLC Resonant Converter Module Based on Reduced Order Interval Sliding Mode Observer.

LLC resonant converters have emerged as essential components in DC charging station modules, thanks to their outstanding performance attributes such as high power density, efficiency, and compact size. The stability of these converters is crucial for vehicle endurance and passenger experience, making reliability a top priority. However, malfunctions in the switching transistor or current sensor can hinder the converter's ability to maintain a resonant state and stable output voltage, leading to a notable reduction in system efficiency and output capability. This article proposes a fault diagnosis strategy for LLC resonant converters utilizing a reduced-order interval sliding mode observer. Initially, an augmented generalized system for the LLC resonant converter is developed to convert current sensor faults into generalized state vectors. Next, the application of matrix transformations plays a critical role in decoupling open-circuit faults from the inverter system's state and current sensor faults. To achieve accurate estimation of phase currents and detection of current sensor faults, a reduced-order interval sliding mode observer has been designed. Building upon the estimation results generated by this observer, a diagnostic algorithm featuring adaptive thresholds has been introduced. This innovative algorithm effectively differentiates between current sensor faults and open switch faults, enhancing fault detection accuracy. Furthermore, it is capable of localizing faulty power switches and estimating various types of current sensor faults, thereby providing valuable insights for maintenance and repair. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis algorithm have been validated through experimental results and comparisons with existing methods, confirming its practical applicability in real-world inverter systems.

GRADIENT ESTIMATES FOR POSITIVE EIGENFUNCTIONS OF THE $\mathcal {L}$ -OPERATOR ON CONFORMAL SOLITONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Abstract We prove a local gradient estimate for positive eigenfunctions of the $\mathcal {L}$ -operator on conformal solitons given by a general conformal vector field. As an application, we obtain a Liouville type theorem for $\mathcal {L} u=0$ , which improves the one of Li and Sun [‘Gradient estimate for the positive solutions of $\mathcal Lu = 0$ and $\mathcal Lu ={\partial u}/{\partial t}$ on conformal solitons’, Acta Math. Sin. (Engl. Ser.)37(11) (2021), 1768–1782]. We also consider applications where manifolds are special conformal solitons and obtain a better Liouville type theorem in the case of self-shrinkers.

Trichotomy for the orbits of a hypercyclic operator on a Banach space

We obtain a trichotomy for the orbits of a hypercyclic operator T T on a separable Banach space X X : (1) every vector is mean asymptotic to zero; (2) generic vectors are absolutely mean irregular; (3) every hypercyclic vector is mean divergent to infinity. Examples of weighted backward shifts on ℓ p \ell ^p show that all three cases can happen.

Regular Lagrangian flow for wavelike vector fields and the Vlasov-Maxwell system

In this paper, we study the Lagrangian structure of Vlasov-Maxwell system, that is, by using a suitable notion of flow, we prove that if the densities ρ,j are integrable in spacetime, and the charge acceleration ∂tj and ∂ttj (or ∇∂tj) are integrable functions in spacetime, then renormalized and distributional solutions of the system are the transport of the initial condition by its flow. We study more general vector fields, with wavelike structure in the sense that it has finite speed of propagation, generalizing the vector fields studied in [6]. The result is a extension of those obtained by Ambrosio, Colombo, and Figalli [2] for the Vlasov-Poisson system, and by the author and Marcon [5] for relativistic Vlasov-systems with quasistatic approximations of Maxwell's equations.

The national idea in the Ukrainian legal area

The study is based on the assumption that at the current stage of development of the State and society, there is a need to form a national idea of the State, which is a theoretical expression of the Ukrainian people's self-awareness of their identity and individuality, and which, based on common values and interests, can be one of the important factors in consolidating Ukrainian society, a general vector for further development of the country and a guideline for its role and place in the world community. The national idea is an expression not only of the psychological and cultural model of society, but also a manifestation of the national legal sphere, which has a complex and ambiguous composition that requires a detailed scientific study. The purpose of the study is to identify the prerequisites and components of the formation of the national idea at the current stage of development of Ukrainian society and the State in the legal plane. The theoretical basis of the study is based on analytical developments in the theory of state and law, political science, constitutional law, and sociology of law in the study of various aspects of the national idea in the context of globalization. Numerous tasks and the diversity of the material under study have led to the use of various research methods: formal legal, systemic and structural, specific sociological, logical. The work uses the socio-cultural and civilizational approaches to the analysis of legal ideology, legal policy, legal doctrine, as well as axiological, geopolitical, and institutional approaches to the national idea of the State. It is noted that when forming the national idea, laying a progressive national-state ideology as its basis, it is necessary to take into account both the cultural uniqueness of Ukraine and the legal component of society, as well as global trends in the modern world. In the context of state-building, the national idea should be an integrative ideological basis on which to consolidate the political nation and create a project for the country's development for the future. It can be argued that the modern state-building process in Ukraine requires modernization of the concept of the national idea and certain adjustments to its value content. In order for the national idea to become an effective basis for the development of the rule of law, it must be correlated with legal ideology, legal policy and legal doctrine, and must be consistent with such values as national interest and national mentality. The implementation of the national idea should have a specific content and be filled with practical steps in the development of the Ukrainian state.

Nonseparability of credit card services within Divisia monetary aggregates

Abstract We use the New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) framework and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) to investigate the usefulness and relevancy of monetary services, augmented to include credit card transaction services. We use the new credit-card-augmented Divisia monetary aggregates in the models to further the existing research on their usefulness and relevancy. In this research, we compare three different monetary aggregates within the New Keynesian framework: (1) the aggregation-theoretic “true” monetary aggregate, (2) the credit-card-augmented Divisia monetary aggregate, and (3) the simple sum monetary aggregate. We acquire the following primary results. (1) The credit-card-augmented Divisia monetary aggregate tracks the theoretical (true) monetary aggregate, while simple sum does not. Although this result would be expected from the theory in classical economic models, the result is not an immediate implication of the theory in New Keynesian models and therefore needs empirical confirmation. (2) Under the recursive VAR framework, the credit-card-augmented Divisia monetary aggregate serves as a preferable monetary policy indicator compared to the traditional federal funds rate. (3) On theoretical grounds, we find that the separability condition for existence of a monetary aggregator function could fail, if credit card deferred payment services were excluded from the monetary services block, unless all markets are perfect.

Regarding the question of types of law-making activity

The article analyzes types of law-making activity in the context of modern legal transformations. Definitive definitions of law-making activity are considered. It is a common point of view that law-making activity is one of the forms of state activity in the form of competent bodies, institutions and organizations, which are authorized in the cases provided for by law to prepare, issue or improve normative legal acts. It is noted that the presented definitions do not differ significantly from each other and indicate the purpose, content and types of this definition: 1) aims at the effective regulation of social relations by planning, developing, adopting, keeping records of regulatory and legal acts, as well as implementing their legal monitoring; 2) represents a system of organizational actions (procedures, rules); 3) it is a legally defined activity of entities specially authorized by the state. The types of law-making activity are characterized depending on the subject of its implementation, in accordance with the Law «On Law-making Activity». It is noted that all types of law-making activity can be conditionally divided into two general vectors: 1) law-making is related to issues of war and martial law; 2) law-making is related to European integration processes in the country. The first vector is characterized by the law-making activity of parliamentarians in the context of passing laws necessary to solve current issues, in particular the defense of the country, information security, and the functioning of the economy during the war. It is emphasized that thanks to the coordinated work of state authorities in the state, it was possible to adjust life in conditions that are far from normal, which is an extremely valuable experience, although it is given to us at too high a price. The main goal of the first vector of law-making activity is the task of finding a balance between the protection of one’s territories and economic support, and to reflect this properly in the law. With regard to the second vector, it should be emphasized that the Ukrainian authorities, as well as society, are fully mobilized around the implementation of the recommendations of the European Commission, which is necessary for the start of negotiations on accession, and on this way demonstrate an incredible pace of implementation of reforms. At the same time, it is necessary to realize the main thing — in addition to the harmonization of national legislation with the EU, it is necessary to achieve progress in the rule of law. And this issue is much more difficult to implement than bringing legislation to specifically prescribed norms. Key words: law-making activity, types of law-making activity, subjects of law-making activity, harmonization of legislation, rule-making, European integration

Methodological foundations and content-based methodological approaches to the formation of dominant metacognitive competencies of schoolchildren based on an integrative approach

Introduction. The dominant metacognitive competencies of students include critical, reflective and creative thinking. Their systemic development is the most important target of education. The essence of the dominant metacognitive competencies of schoolchildren and the proven expediency of their conjugate formation objectifies the assumption that reliance on an integrative approach to building education, upbringing and development of schoolchildren is the fundamental basis for designing the educational process. The purpose of the study: substantiation of the key importance of the integrative approach for building the process of formation of dominant metacognitive competencies of schoolchildren and the definition of methodological and content-methodical elements included in the circle of pedagogical integration in this context. Materials and methods. The study involved employees of Kuban State University (doctors and candidates of pedagogical and psychological sciences) in the number of 30 people. Methods: theoretical analysis, synthesis and concretization of scientific data; comparison and modeling; expert assessment. During the examination, specially designed forms of expert assessment were used. The results of the study. The validation of the constructed set of methodological foundations for the formation of dominant MCCS of schoolchildren was carried out; according to the results of expert assessment: the integrative approach was recognized as the key, system–forming methodological guideline of the specified process (90% of experts); contextual, subjective, optimization approaches were included in the integrated set of methodological guidelines (73.3% – 93.3% of experts); the content and methodological tools of vitagenic, interactive, problem-based, activity–based approaches (73.3% – 90% of experts). Conclusion. The results of the study are consistent with the general vectors of the research conducted by scientists, complementing them with regard to ensuring the conjugate formation of clusters of metacognitive competencies and specifying certain provisions regarding the content-methodical ways of implementing methodological principles and conditions.

Spinning binary dynamics in cubic effective field theories of gravity

We study the binary dynamics of two Kerr black holes with arbitrary spin vectors in the presence of parity-even and parity-odd cubic deformations of gravity. We first derive the tree-level Compton amplitudes for a Kerr black hole in cubic gravity, which we then use to compute the two-to-two amplitudes of the massive bodies to leading order in the deformation and the post-Minkowskian expansion. The required one-loop computations are performed using the leading singularity approach as well as the heavy-mass effective field theory (HEFT) approach. These amplitudes are then used to compute the leading-order momentum and spin kick in cubic gravity in the KMOC formalism. Our results are valid for generic masses and spin vectors, and include all the independent parity-even and parity-odd cubic deformations of Einstein-Hilbert gravity. We also present spin-expanded expressions for the momentum and spin kicks, and the all-order in spin deflection angle in the case of aligned spins.

Flavor phenomenology of light dark vectors

Light dark matter with flavor-violating couplings to fermions may be copiously produced in the laboratory as missing energy from decays of SM particles. Here we study the effective Lagrangian of a light dark vector with generic dipole or vector couplings. We calculate the resulting two-body decay rates of mesons, baryons and leptons as a function of the dark vector mass and show that existing experimental limits probe UV scales as large as 1012 GeV. We also derive the general RGEs in order to constrain the flavor-universal UV scenario, where all flavor violation arises radiatively proportional to the CKM matrix.

Note on the group of vertical diffeomorphisms of a principal bundle & its relation to the Frölicher-Nijenhuis bracket

The group of vertical diffeomorphisms of a principal bundle forms the action Lie groupoid associated to the bundle. The former is generated by the group of maps with value in the structure group, which is also the group of bisections of the groupoid. The corresponding Lie algebra of general vertical vector fields is generated by maps with value in the Lie algebra of the structure group. The bracket on these maps, induced by the bracket of vertical vector fields, is an “extended” bracket on gauge parameters: it has been introduced heuristically in physics, notably in the study of asymptotic symmetries of gravity. Seeing the set of Lie algebra-valued maps as sections of the action Lie algebroid associated to the bundle, the extended bracket is understood to be a Lie algebroid bracket on those sections.Here, we highlight that this bracket can also be seen to arise from the Frölicher-Nijenhuis bracket of vector-valued differential forms. The benefit of this viewpoint is to insert this extended bracket within the general framework of derivations of forms on a bundle. Identities relating it to the usual operations of Cartan calculus — inner product, exterior and (Nijenhuis-) Lie derivative — are immediately read as special cases of general results. We also consider the generalised gauge transformations induced by vertical diffeomorphisms, and discuss their peculiar features. In particular, locally, and contrary to standard gauge transformations arising from vertical bundle automorphisms, they are distinguishable from local gluings when iterated. Yet, the gauge principle still holds.

Revisiting the generalized virial theorem and its applications from the perspective of contact and cosymplectic geometry

The generalization of the virial theorem, introduced by Clausius in statistical mechanics, has recently been carried out in the framework of geometric approaches to Hamiltonian and Lagrangian theories and it has been formulated in an intrinsic way. It is here revisited not only in its more general situation of a generic vector field but mainly from the perspective of contact and cosymplectic geometry. The previous generalizations allowing virial like relations from one-parameter groups of non-strictly canonical transformations and the rôle of Killing and conformal Killing vector fields for Lagrangians of a mechanical type are here completed with the theory for contact Hamiltonian, as well as gradient and evolution, vector fields. The corresponding theories in the framework of cosymplectic geometry and the particular case of time-dependent vector fields are also developed.

A generic error-related potential classifier based on simulated subjects.

Error-related potentials (ErrPs) are brain signals known to be generated as a reaction to erroneous events. Several works have shown that not only self-made errors but also mistakes generated by external agents can elicit such event-related potentials. The possibility of reliably measuring ErrPs through non-invasive techniques has increased the interest in the brain-computer interface (BCI) community in using such signals to improve performance, for example, by performing error correction. Extensive calibration sessions are typically necessary to gather sufficient trials for training subject-specific ErrP classifiers. This procedure is not only time-consuming but also boresome for participants. In this paper, we explore the effectiveness of ErrPs in closed-loop systems, emphasizing their dependency on precise single-trial classification. To guarantee the presence of an ErrPs signal in the data we employ and to ensure that the parameters defining ErrPs are systematically varied, we utilize the open-source toolbox SEREEGA for data simulation. We generated training instances and evaluated the performance of the generic classifier on both simulated and real-world datasets, proposing a promising alternative to conventional calibration techniques. Results show that a generic support vector machine classifier reaches balanced accuracies of 72.9%, 62.7%, 71.0%, and 70.8% on each validation dataset. While performing similarly to a leave-one-subject-out approach for error class detection, the proposed classifier shows promising generalization across different datasets and subjects without further adaptation. Moreover, by utilizing SEREEGA, we can systematically adjust parameters to accommodate the variability in the ErrP, facilitating the systematic validation of closed-loop setups. Furthermore, our objective is to develop a universal ErrP classifier that captures the signal's variability, enabling it to determine the presence or absence of an ErrP in real EEG data.

Legal and social protection of Ukrainians military servicemen during the action of the martial state

Introduction. In the conditions of military realities in which our state is now, the issue of legal and social security of military personnel requires special attention. Considering their personal contribution and heroism in restoring the sovereignty of our state. This study was conducted precisely in the context of the assessment of state support for military personnel, which consists in providing decent social guarantees. The purpose of this paper is to study the peculiarities of legal and social protection of military personnel, in terms of individual components, as well as the analysis of normative legal acts of the state, which regulate the issue of social security of military personnel. Results. The paper carries out a general analysis of the state of social protection of military personnel and its regulatory and legal support. A separate assessment of the Law of Ukraine "On social and legal protection of military personnel and their family members" is given and it is established that this law determines the general vector of social protection of military personnel. It has been proven that modern rehabilitation programs include not only medical and physical rehabilitation, but also psychological rehabilitation. Separate compensatory payments, which are provided for by current legal documents, have been studied. A separate evaluation of the reasons for the appointment of one-time cash assistance is given. Conclusion. From the conducted research, it can be seen that the legislation of Ukraine regarding the social protection of military personnel is being improved and adapted to real needs with the beginning of a full-scale invasion. The state not only provides material support for servicemen, but also takes into account the mental needs of servicemen, which are reflected in the necessary psychological support. Social guarantees in the form of compensation payments are also an important part of social security for both servicemen and their family members in the event of the hero’s death.

Identification of male schizophrenia patients using brain morphology based on machine learning algorithms

BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disease, and its prevalence is higher. However, diagnosis of early-stage schizophrenia is still considered a challenging task. AIM To employ brain morphological features and machine learning method to differentiate male individuals with schizophrenia from healthy controls. METHODS The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and t tests were applied to select important features from structural magnetic resonance images as input features for classification. Four commonly used machine learning algorithms, the general linear model, random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors, and support vector machine algorithms, were used to develop the classification models. The performance of the classification models was evaluated according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS A total of 8 important features with significant differences between groups were considered as input features for the establishment of classification models based on the four machine learning algorithms. Compared to other machine learning algorithms, RF yielded better performance in the discrimination of male schizophrenic individuals from healthy controls, with an AUC of 0.886. CONCLUSION Our research suggests that brain morphological features can be used to improve the early diagnosis of schizophrenia in male patients.

Chiral photoelectron spectroscopy using unpolarized light

This Letter studies the symmetry properties of general vector correlations resulting from one-photon excitation of chiral molecules. We show that the parity-odd second rank tensor is nonzero for molecules in all chiral point groups Cn, Dn, T, O, and I. This chirality-sensitive tensor is nonzero even for chiral isotopomers excited by linearly polarized or even unpolarized light. We develop an irreducible tensor theory based on Curie's limiting groups. As an example of vector correlations, recoil-frame photoelectron angular distributions (RFPADs) are calculated for methyloxirane and CHFCl35Cl37. The difference in the RFPAD between a chiral molecule and its mirror image reaches ±35% of the maximum value for the RFPAD for unpolarized light and ±55% of the value for linearly polarized light. Chiral sensitivity in vector correlation is a quite general phenomenon arising from one-photon excitation by unpolarized and linearly polarized light, and we expect it to be of great importance in time-resolved spectroscopy of ultrafast chemical reactions. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Archimedean zeta integrals for unitary groups

AbstractWe derive precise formulas for the archimedean Euler factors occurring in certain standard Langlands 𝐿-functions for unitary groups. In the 1980s, Paul Garrett, as well as Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro and Stephen Rallis (independently of Garrett), discovered integral representations of automorphic 𝐿-functions that are Eulerian but, in contrast to the Rankin–Selberg and Langlands–Shahidi methods, do not require that the automorphic representations to which the 𝐿-functions are associated are globally generic. Their approach, thedoubling method, opened the door to a variety of applications that could not be handled by prior methods. For over three decades, though, the integrals occurring in the Euler factors at archimedean places for unitary groups eluded precise computation, except under particular simplifications (such as requiring certain representations to be one-dimensional, as Garrett did in the first major progress on this computation and only prior progress for general signatures). We compute these integrals for holomorphic discrete series of general vector weights for unitary groups of any signature. This has consequences not only for special values of 𝐿-functions in the archimedean setting, but also for 𝑝-adic 𝐿-functions, where the corresponding term had remained open.