General Election System Research Articles

Analysis of Open and Closed Proportional System General Elections From a Democratic Perspective

The implementation of general elections is one of the characteristics of a democratic country as a form of people's sovereignty. There are various types of general election systems throughout the world, including open and closed proportional systems. The normative legal method is based on the absence of norms in Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2022 concerning Amendments to Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections into Law, where this Law only regulates the open proportional general election system and there is no regulation on the closed proportional system. The problem discussed in this study is how is the analysis of the open and closed proportional general election system from a democratic perspective? and which general election system is better to use for Indonesia and other democratic countries?.

APLIKASI E–VOTING PEMILIHAN KETUA DAN WAKIL KETUA OSIS PADA SMK MA’ARIF NU 01 WANASAR

The election of the chairman and vice chairman of the student council by implementing a general election system is a process of learning democracy directly for all students. The activity of election of the student council chairman right now still uses paper media to select candidates. Current technological opportunities allow elections to be conducted electronically through an e-voting system. The research aims to design a website-based E-voting application for the election of the student council chairman and vice chairman. The field study method is used to get complete and accurate data, with observation and interview data collection techniques. The designed system is technologically feasible and can be continuously developed. The designed system provides convenience for users both in voting and calculating vote results.

The Criminal Law Policy on the General Election System in Indonesia

General elections are a crucial pillar of democracy in Indonesia, allowing citizen participation in selecting leaders and shaping policies. Strong criminal law policies are necessary to preserve the integrity of elections, despite challenges in consistent law enforcement and clear definitions of election violations. The aim of this research is to assess the implementation and effectiveness of criminal law policies in preventing and addressing election violations in Indonesia and to identify their impact on the election process. The research findings indicate that the implementation of criminal law policies in preventing and addressing election violations is crucial. This is achieved through stringent election regulations, strict enforcement of criminal sanctions, careful monitoring and investigation, and swift handling of violations. The effectiveness of criminal law policies is also evident in deterring violations, ensuring transparency in funding, and active citizen participation in monitoring. Criminal law policies have a significant impact on the election process. Positive impacts include efforts to prevent election crimes, protect voting rights, and address election law violations through strict regulations. Prevention of election crimes such as spreading false information and the use of violence is tightly regulated to maintain election integrity. Protecting voters' rights is a focal point, with prohibitions against bribery and intimidation practices. However, the negative impact lies in the potential misuse of criminal law for political purposes, which can undermine the principles of presumption of innocence and human rights.

The Gap in the National Leadership Recruitment Law By Post Reform Political Parties in Indonesia

Democratic States generally elect a National Leadership to lead a State through the General Election process. In Indonesia itself, post-reform, to determine the position of replacing the National Leadership using the General Election system as stipulated in the constitution with the principles of direct, general, free, secret, honest, and fair which are held every 5 years. Before being elected, the National Leadership in Indonesia must be carried out by political parties in order to become the main spearhead of the people in a Democratic State. However, in determining candidates for National Leadership, it is necessary to carry out recruitment organized by political parties to adjust the vision and mission of political parties and according to the interests and needs of the people. However, there are legal loopholes in the recruitment process for political parties which will have legal ramifications for Indonesia's democratic system. This study uses a normative legal method, with a statutory approach and literature study. This study concludes that there were various legal loopholes contained in the Political Party Law which then collided with the System for Supporting National Leadership Candidates listed in the Election Law which resulted in a regradation of the nature of democracy in Indonesia. Therefore it is necessary to improve the legal loopholes contained in the Law on Political Parties and the Law on Elections to provide concrete improvements system in the recruitment and formation of National Leadership. Such improvement is necessary in an attempt to avoid instant with the hope of avoiding instant recruitment which in terms of national leadership results in the depravity of the state system and leads to a recruitment system that runs in accordance with democracy.

Komparasi Sistem Pemilihan Umum Estonia - Indonesia : Penerapan I-Voting

This article discusses a comparison of the electoral systems that tahe place in Indonesian and Estonia. Estonia is a country that implements Parlianmentary democracy while Indonesian is a country that implements Pancasila Democracy. Estonia is a republic with a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of goverment. Indonesian has the same form of state as Estonia, namely a republic. However, Indonesian does not adhere to a parlianmentary system which is reflected in the president’s position as head of government who is assisted in carrying out his duties by the vice presdient. Estonia is considered a developed country because it has an all-electronic government system or can be accessed via the internet. This has been implemented in an election system called e-voting since 2005. Until now, Indonesia still uses the conventional voting system through ballots. Many problems arise in the conventional electoral system through ballots considering Indonesia’s vast territory and difficulties in accessing election logistics. Therefore, a discussion on the comparison of the two countries in the general electoral system is to find out the similarities and differences in the system applied. The method used in this research is a literature study using a comparative approach. The method used in this research is a literature study using a comparative approach. The research method uses literature study by quoting data from websites, journals and books that discuss the general election system in Indonesia and Estonia. The results of this research are a comparison of the electoral system of Indonesia and Estonia. It is especially important for Indonesia to be able to modify Estonia’s general election system which is considered very modern because it uses Internet Voting.

Perceptions of the People of South Sulawesi Regarding the 2024 Presidential General Election

The Presidential General Election will be held in 2024, several names of presidential candidates are starting to appear on social media and electronic media. With the emergence of these various candidates, it is important to know the public's perception of the 2024 general election. This research aims to analyze the public's perception of the 2024 general election. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method with a survey method. Determining the sample in this study used non-probability sampling, namely Snowball sampling. All respondents came from South Sulawesi Province spread across several districts and were aged 19 years or over and had participated in previous general elections. The research results show that almost all respondents know that general elections will be held in 2024 and only half know that February 14 2024 is the schedule for the presidential general election. There are several factors that influence people's perceptions, namely background, experience, attention and mental readiness. These several factors produce several important things that are the focus or attention of the public regarding the 2024 general election. First, information about the profile of the presidential candidate, namely the vision, mission, goals and supporting parties of the presidential candidate. Second, information about the implementation of general elections, namely the general election system, conditions and procedures for holding elections, election supervision, voter list, election schedule, election budget and voting places/locations. And the final results show that almost all respondents have not yet decided on their presidential choice for the 2024 general election.

Assessing Constitutional Frameworks for Closed Proportional Representation in House of Representatives Elections

Abstract: The electoral system in Indonesia has implemented two politically different systems, one of which is the proportional system. This proportional system is also divided into proportional with an open list and proportional with a closed list. The basic idea of ​​a proportional system is that the composition of seats obtained by a political party in an electoral area will be in balance with the proportion of votes received by the political party concerned in the election. Even in this system, only a few votes are wasted. According to the provisions of Article 168 paragraph (2) of Law No. 7/2017, the electoral system for DPR members is open proportional with a majority vote. This system has a good level of representation because the people are free to determine their representatives who will sit in Parliament directly and can continue to supervise those they choose. Purpose: This research aims to analyze the application of a closed proportional system in the DPR election from the perspective of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia; arrangements regarding the principles of elections in the constitution are regulated in Article 22E of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Design/Methodology/Approach: The type of research used in this research is normative legal research, using statute and conceptual approaches. Findings: The results of this research indicate that the application of a closed proportional system is not following the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia because it will close space for the people to make their own choices directly because in a closed proportional system the determination of who are the candidates for members of the DPR who will sit in parliament is absolute political party wishes. Originality/Value: Debates about the constitutionality of open proportional and closed proportional systems always fill public spaces, especially before the election. Due to this issue, a fundamental question arises about whether the closed proportional system in the election of DPR members follows the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This issue is the reason for research regarding the general election system for DPR members following the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.

CONFIGURATION OF A SIMULTANEOUS-SEPARATE GENERAL ELECTION SYSTEM TO STRENGTHEN THE CHARACTER OF AN INCLUSIVE GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA

The government system essentially examines the relationship between legislative and executive institutions. On the other hand, the concept of a government system can also be related to the form of vertical relationship between the central government and regional governments. Problem formulations for this journal are; What is the character of the strengthening of the government system both at the central and regional levels resulting from the simultaneous general election system in Indonesia? What are the theories and concepts of the government system and general election system in Indonesia? a quo regional head election in Indonesia? This research is normative legal research accompanied by supporting data. The research data was collected through literature study. The analysis was carried out using qualitative methods. Based on the research results, it is concluded that: First, the government system is the concept of legislative and executive relations in carrying out their functions and duties. There are various types of systems such as presidential systems, parliamentary systems and mixed systems. In the presidential system used in Indonesia, there are systemic weaknesses in the form of fixed term features, dual democratic legitimacy, the possibility of the emergence of divided government and the use of multiparty features. Second, the configuration of the simultaneous general election system and the regional head election system can be seen that the presidential general election system uses a simultaneity feature, a presidential threshold of 20%, and uses a majority-runoff system with a distribution of votes in certain areas. Third, the implementation of simultaneous elections and a quo regional heads has not shown any significant strengthening of the government system. Strengthening of the presidential system only occurred in terms of the number of candidates competing, and the majority run-off system did not show any strengthening.

Growing Political Awareness for the Community in Increasing Nationalism

Indonesia is a democratic country, a country that prioritizes the voice of the people in making decisions, one form of Indonesian democracy can be seen from the general election system which is held every five years, where to be able to carry out one form of democracy successfully, political awareness is needed from each of them. each citizen. Political awareness is an important element for the successful implementation of democracy in a country. Growing political awareness can also grow Nationalism which is the political attitude of the people of a nation who have the same culture and region, as well as the same ideals and goals. Nationalism is also interpreted as an understanding that is the highest loyalty of each individual must be attached to the nation-state (nation state) or as the mental attitude and behavior of individuals and communities that show high loyalty and devotion to the nation and state.The research methodology used is descriptive qualitative, which is a method that aims to describe how the actual situation and phenomenon is, then it is described in a research report. Based on its type, this research is a case study research. , as happened in the general election in Indonesia for example. This proves that people's political participation is still low. The Importance of Growing Political Awareness for the Community In Increasing Nationalism, All Parties, Especially Religious Leaders, Community Leaders, and the Government, To Socialize.

PERAN PENTING PEMILIH PEMULA DALAM PEMILU 2024

Indonesia is a country whose form of democracy is channeled through the general election system, this general election takes place every five years, where in the election event it has the LUBER JURDIL principle which means direct, general, free, confidential, honest and fair. The low understanding of young people about the importance of the role of first-time voters is the reason for us KKN-T Group 8 Students of the Faculty of Social Sciences, Political Science and Computer Science, Djuanda University to carry out a service program through political socialization. This community service program aims to provide knowledge regarding political education and provide understanding, insight, awareness and interest for young prospective voters, especially Ciawi 1 Public High School students, to exercise their right to vote in elections. This service was carried out using the method of outreach where the resource persons explained material directly regarding the existing theme, namely the important role of first-time voters in the 2024 election to students of SMAN 1 Ciawi. The results of this dedication show that political outreach is useful in increasing participation for prospective novice voters and can increase understanding, insight, and knowledge about the importance of public participation in elections.

Implementation of Ideal Democracy in The General Election System in 2024 in Indonesia

Some countries have adopted a parliamentary system and some have adopted a presidential system to build democracy. Meanwhile, Indonesia initially practiced democracy with a parliamentary system but was considered a failure, until finally Indonesia practiced democracy with a presidential system. The implementation of the parliamentary and presidential electoral systems is still being debated today, this is reinforced by the option to hold elections in 2024 with a closed proportional electoral system, which closed proportional system will return Indonesia to the New Order era which adheres to the parliamentary electoral system. The purpose of this study is to understand whether the presidential system is the ideal electoral system of government in the 2024 elections. The method in writing is to use the literature method and use analytical techniques to collect data from various data obtained. The result of this research is that the presidential system is the ideal electoral system for the upcoming 2024 elections, reinforced by reasons that argue that the parliamentary electoral system is not convincing for Indonesia now.

SISTEM PEMILIHAN UMUM (PEMILU) JOKO WIDODO - JUSUF KALLA TAHUN 2014

The 2014 General Election of the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia (2014 Pilpres) was held on 9 July 2014 to elect the President and Vice President of Indonesia for the 2014-2019 period. The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze how the electoral system was during the reign of Joko Widodo and Jusuf Kalla in 2014. The method used by researchers in this study was literature. The results of the research and discussion use the theory of the Electoral Cycle: 1) Pre-Election, in this indicator Pre-Election refers to a number of election stages carried out by election organizers such as formulation of regulations, voter registration, registration and determination of candidate parties; 2) Election Period, this indicator refers to a number of election stages such as election/voting and vote counting. As for the vote count in the 2014 election, namely: Jokowi 52-53% of the vote and 46-48% of the vote for Prabowo; 3) Post Election, this indicator is the stage of announcing results, evaluating and resolving disputes or problems in elections. The announcement of the results of the 2014 presidential and vice-presidential elections was won by the Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla pair by obtaining a vote of 53.15% in accordance with the KPU RI decision on July 22, 2014. The Prabowo-Hatta Rajasa camp filed several lawsuits over the results of this election, namely to the DKPP and the Court. The conclusion in this study is that the General Election System (Election) During the Leadership Period of Joko widodo and Jusuf Kalla in 2014 used the Electoral Cycle system where this Election Cycle was a tool used to understand election preparation and an understanding of holding elections . The party system used during the reign of Joko Widodo and Jusuf Kalla in 2014-2019 was using a multi-party system.

Escaping social media: the end of netizen’s political polarization between Islamists and nationalists in Indonesia?

The current article explains why netizens are escaping the political polarization observed in their activities on social media during the 2014 and 2019 Indonesian presidential elections. The research data were obtained from in-depth interviews with a number of netizens who were activists on social media and engaged in political polarization. The existing political polarization had been bolstered by netizen’s activities that were rampant across various echo chambers, which were established and driven by ideological and affective elements. Netizens succeeded in escaping the existing political polarization on account of promises broken by the pair of presidential-vice presidential candidates they supported and due to a natural drive of the election being over. Nevertheless, this article reveals that netizen’s escape from political polarization on social media does not necessarily suggest the end of the existing political polarization. The present study found that netizen’s political polarization on social media has shifted to political polarization awareness and latent political polarization. This clarifies that the existing political polarization has simply evolved into a new political polarization. The findings in this research may have implications on factors that threaten democracy in the general election system or new relations of political communication in the era of new media.

Juridical Review of the Authority of the Central Jakarta District Court in Deciding Election Postponement Cases (Central Jakarta District Court Decision Study Decision Number 757/Pdt.G/2022/PN Jkt. Pst)

Indonesia is a unitary state in the form of a republic that adheres to an indirect democratic system of government, in which the people's voice is represented by the people's representative body so that the state always carries out a general election system every 5 years. General elections are a means of people's sovereignty to elect members of the DPR, DPD, DPRD, President and Vice President, which are carried out directly, publicly, freely, confidentially, honestly and fairly, within the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. issues circulating in Indonesia regarding elections because Indonesia will again carry out elections in 2024. One of the issues that has shocked the public lately is the issue of postponing the elections that came from the Central Jakarta District Court. The research method used in writing this scientific article is normative juridical research. As for the research approach used in this study is qualitative research. From the results of the research, the authors conclude that the election dispute between the Prima Party and the KPU does not fulfill the conditions for postponement of the election, and that the Central Jakarta District Court is not authorized to adjudicate cases of postponed elections. Court institutions in the future are expected to carry out their duties and authorities in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

The Urgency of Implementing an Appropriate Legislative Election System in Democracy Development in Indonesia

The Urgency of Implementing the Legislative General Election System Open and closed proportional election systems (elections) are two legislative election systems that differ in the way votes are counted and the allocation of seats in parliament. The two systems shocked the public because of plans to re-implement a closed proportional election system, which was marked by a lawsuit for judicial review of the Election Law to the Constitutional Court (MK) with case number 114/PUU-XX/2022. In this research, a normative research method was used with a comparative approach to the two systems based on several criteria, including effectiveness in representing various political interests, political stability, and people's participation in politics. The purpose of this study is to identify and examine the proper application of the legislative election system in the development of democracy in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that an open proportional electoral system in the election of candidates for legislative members tends to be more appropriate in the development of democracy in Indonesia and is more effective in representing diverse political interests and strengthening political parties as political institutions. With this system, the development of democracy in Indonesia will be even better with well-run elections that uphold people's sovereignty.

Studying the Fulfilment of Constitutional Rights by Implementing the Noken System in the General Elections in Papua

The purpose of this research is to analyze the general election system in Papua that uses the Noken system, which is related to the realization of citizens' constitutional rights regulated by the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The research method used is normative law using secondary data. The results of the study show that the Noken system in the implementation of regional elections in Papua is not democratic and is not in accordance with the principles of general elections, thus violating Article 43 of Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. "The Noken system in organizing regional elections has no place in the constitution in Indonesia. The implementation of the Noken system in the implementation of local elections is subject to money politics or buying and selling of votes carried out by political elites with the help of local traditional leaders. The law has not been implemented optimally. Political education is still not much known by the indigenous people of Papua.

Pendampingan Pemilihan Ketua OSIS dan Majelis Perwakilan Kelas (MPK) Berbasis E-Voting di SMA Takhassus Al-Qur’an Sebagai Edukasi Terhadap Pemilih Pemula

The article aims to describe the assistance in the election of the OSIS chairperson and the e-voting-based Class Representative Council (MPK) at SMA Takhassus Al-Qur'an as education for novice voters. Assistance strategy through planning, implementation, and evaluation. The research concludes that e-voting-based election for OSIS and MPK SMA Takhassus Al-Qur'an leaders is an agenda in order to realize democratic education for students, especially for prospective novice voters who will exercise their right to vote in the 2024 simultaneous elections.. At that moment there were at least two examples that became media for prospective voters, 1) the election of the OSIS chairman as an introduction media for regional head elections or presidential elections, 2) the election of the Class Representative Assembly (MPK) as an introduction to the election of legislative members. The e-voting system provides many conveniences for voters because it can be opened with a mobile phone, reduces the abstention rate, prevents fraud, is more economical, transparent, effective and efficient. This system is very effectively used as education for first-time voters, as evidenced by the participation of 99.5% at the first-time voter level. The research recommends for the government to consider a general election system in Indonesia using e-voting as a solution to realizing elections that are direct, public, free, secret, honest and fair.

The Practice of Patronage in Elections And Its Implications for Democratic Credibility in Indonesia

Patronage in Indonesian elections often occurs, especially among political elites and legislative candidates. It may be due to the need for candidates to gain votes and support from the public, and the practice of patronage is considered effective in achieving this goal. The study aims to identify voter patronage practices and measure the impact of patronage practices on the credibility of democracy in Indonesia. This research is qualitative, and data is obtained through document analysis and related literature. Election patronage practices can take many forms, ranging from money or goods to voters, unrealistic political promises, to employing positions or powers to influence voter decisions. The study found that patronage practices can significantly impact the credibility of democracies, thus disrupting democratic processes and affecting the quality of elections in Indonesia. The approach can undermine democratic principles that are supposed to be based on free and fair participation and competitive competition based on political ideas and visions. When elections were influenced by material benefits rather than political views, the public felt that elections no longer represented their aspirations and interests, resulting in dubious legitimacy over the elected government. Therefore, efforts are needed to combat patronage practices in general elections in Indonesia. This can be done through implementing strict regulations related to campaign funding and political practices, education and political literacy for the public, strict law enforcement for patronage practices, and improving the general election system to make it more transparent and accountable

The Effect of the Electoral System on Women's Elections in Parliament (Case Study of South Korea)

This paper aims to examine the effect of the general election system on women's electability in the South Korean parliament. South Korea, which is known as a great economic and human development country, in fact, when it comes to issues of gender equality is not comparable to the greatness of the country. In this context, South Korea received the title as one of the countries with a high gender gap. The research method used in this paper is qualitative-descriptive. The results of this study indicate that the gap between women and men in South Korea is still high so that the number of women involved in parliament is still very limited. In addition, there are still several inhibiting factors when women want to become members of parliament. Whereas the presence of women in Parliament is a very important thing because they are considered to be able to bring ideas and ideas that can represent the interests of their constituents. The presence of a proportional representation system does indeed seem to provide a positive enough opportunity to increase the representation of women in the South Korean Parliament through a 30% quota which is believed to be sufficient to provide good things for effective and efficient elections in legislative elections. Even though this proportional representation system is not fully capable of bringing about such significant changes in results, at least the existence of this system is enough to help women improve their representation, or it can be said that slowly, but the results are enough to bring bigger changes to women's representation in parliament.

Rapid Review: I-Voting for the 2024 General Election in Indonesia

Industry 4.0 has brought technological advances in making more contributions to human life. This progress has an impact on every aspect of human life, especially information and communication technology. The Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) is the basis for increasing the number of participation in the general election system that meets the needs of voters. This research was conducted using a rapid review with the aim of producing policy-making recommendations to the government quickly with a limited time. The method used in the search for coherent research is PRISMA, to find media choices that are most widely used by Indonesians and find opportunities including the threat of i-voting in the 2024 simultaneous General Elections in Indonesia. The findings show the many advantages of the i-voting system because there are more benefits large compared to conventional systems, especially i-voting is an efficient system compared to previous general election systems. The main threat to the i-voting system lies in network security, this condition already has a solution, namely the blockchain. Changes in the general election system cannot be restrained because of technology, currently changes in the general election system are still stagnant due to political interests. The development of a relevant system to implement is a combination of i-voting and e-voting, this system is able to provide solutions for voters who have resource constraints with e-voting and time constraints with i-voting