General Educational Process Research Articles

Current state of professional training of future musical art teachers for educational inclusion

The article deals with the problem of professional training of future musical art teachers for teaching students with special educational needs. The purpose of the article is to present the findings of the research on the current state of professional training of future teachers of musical art for educational inclusion in Ukraine. The author underlines that the Law of Ukraine “On Education” (2017) states that inclusive education is a system of state-guaranteed educational services based on the principles of non-discrimination, respect for human diversity, effective involvement and inclusion in the educational process of all its participants. The Law guarantees the inclusion of persons with special educational needs into the general educational process. However, the findings of the research revealed that most future teachers of musical art are not at all or only partially trained to work with students with special educational needs. In order to improve the professional training of the future musical art teachers, the author proposed: to update the normative base of art education; to substantiate the organizational and methodological foundations of professional training of future musical art teachers for educational inclusion; to develop a system of appropriate training for educators of higher educational institutions; to create pedagogical conditions aimed at formation of motivations in students for artistic and educational inclusion; to level up the material and technological support of higher education institutions.

Inglês

The Physical Education in Basic Education is a curricular component, which has specifics and contents to be exploredand, why not, be used as a tool for research, as a mechanism to facilitate Scientific Initiation? Physical Education has aneducational advantage, since it is easily articulated among the different areas of knowledge, this fact allows an interdisciplinarywork freedom that is beneficial to the general educational process of the student. Thus the objective of this research is to analyzethe interference of the Curricular component of Physical Education as motivator of the scientific research in students who attendElementary School. As methodology was adopted the quantitative approach, with an applied nature, with exploratory objectives,through field research. The study was carried out with students of the 9th grade of Elementary School, a school located in themunicipality of Estância Velha, in Rio Grande do Sul. As a result, the difficulty of understanding scientific writing is recorded, andeven though, 52.9% of the students interviewed observed improvements in school performance, as well as, they came to betterunderstand the scientific work. In this way, the study concludes that the scope of the discipline of Physical Education contributesin the other disciplines and is related to the scientific doing, being associated in the development of creative abilities and, in thesystematization of ideas in an innovative way, in an effective interaction and articulation with the different areas of knowledge.

EDUCATION FOR PEOPLE OF THE “THIRD AGE” IN RUSSIA

Introduction.In today’s world, numbers of people of the senior generation are steadily increasing due to longer life expectancy. In this regard, questions of maintaining seniors’ working capacity, physical and psychological wellbeing and support of high vitality are updated. In this particular situation, an institute of formation of the “third age” is in high demand. The institution is considered as an integral part of a general continuous educational process during all life giving an opportunity to elderly citizens to stay actively full members of society. Theaimof the publication was to describe socio-pedagogical research and practical experience in the education of the elderly (the “third age”) in post-Soviet Russia at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries.Methodology and research methods.The research was based on socio-cultural approach to organisation of the education system, philosophical ideas about objective positivism, concept of continuous and non-formal life-long education and theory of comparative pedagogy.Results and scientific novelty.On the basis of scientific publications and documentary sources, many of which have until been out of the research field, the initial stage of genesis of education of the “third age” in Russia was systemically analysed. Its legislative base, tasks, contents of programmes and technology were investigated; the practicability of such education was esteemed. The representatives of the “third age” were characterised as members of education – in terms of their social activity, level of the previous educational preparation, cultural and educational inquiries and differentiation on gender. Desire for world outlook generalisation, mentorship and freedom from marginalization complex after retirement were noted. The practices of the first institutions and projects of education in the “third age” were analysed: retro clubs, open universities. The structure, curriculum and the results of the education of the “third age” were characterised by the example of “third age” universities in Orel, Stavropol and Chelyabinsk. Social, pedagogical, psychological and medical and recreational tasks of such educational organisations were designated; the humanistic principles and practice-focused orientations of their activity were emphasised. In addition, the shortcomings were listed: exaggerated encyclopedism of programmes, domination of verbal material presentation, unsuitable use of forms and methods for “aged” students; lack of the funded legal base of such education, its worthy financing and shortage of special teaching personnel. However, despite shortcomings and gaps, the social advantage of the education focused on satisfaction of essential needs and interests of elderly people is obvious. The results of monitoring outcomes and surveys, in particular, recorded a marked strengthening of physical and psychological health of students, emergence of vital incentives and decrease in intergenerational conflicts in their families. The similarities and distinctions of ideas and processes within the formation and development of the system of education of the “third age” in Russia and abroad were shown. The worldwide tendency of social turn towards the changed needs of elderly people was emphasised.Practical significance. The materials of the present research will make it possible to effectively cope with new challenges and solve current problems of additional education, which is oriented on a specific social stratum – older adults, taking into account their characteristics and expectations.

Practical Music Making in the Context of the Educational Process of the Musical Classes of the Imperial Russian Musical Society in the South of Russia

The article examines the activities of the Musical Classes of the Rostov and Novocherkassk Sections of the Imperial Russian Musical Society (IRMS) from the perspective of the role of practical music-making in acquiring knowledge of the art of music. The statistics of the student concerts is brought in, the consistency in their organization is marked, on the basis of which the conclusion is arrived at that the main particular feature of the Musical Classes affiliated with the IRMS was the practical orientation of the instruction. Various forms of music-making are examined: solo performances, as well as those as part of ensembles and symphony orchestras. The repertoires of the student concerts were comprised predominantly of works by the composers of the Classical-Romantic period. The program of the student chamber ensemble morning and evening concerts were distinguished by the diversity of their programing, their cognitive constituent, as a rule, was connected with a panorama of names, genres and forms. The programs of the student orchestral concerts are perceived to have been more organic in their constituency. They were also frequently comprised according to the principle of contrast. Of great significance were the student opera productions. As the result of active work of the Opera Classes of the IRMS, the students mastered in a practical way large strata of Western European and Russian opera classics. In the general educational process a significant role was also played by the “adult” concerts, especially in such formats as monographic and historical concerts, as well as concert-lectures. Keywords: musical education, the musical life of Rostov, the musical life of Novocherkassk, student concerts.

THE PROBLEM OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN PEDAGOGICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE

BOROKHVINA Tetiana – Post-graduate student of the Pedagogy Department, International Stepan Demyanchuk Economic and Humanitarian University, Stepan Demyanchuk str., 4, Rivne, 33000, Ukraine (romul001@ukr.net)ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9326-996XResearcherID: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/O-3688-2018DOI: https://doi.org/10.24919/2313-2094.7/39.140927To cite this article: Bоrokhvina, T. (2018). Problema inkliuzyvnoi osvity u pedahohichnii teorii ta praktytsi [The problem of inclusive education in pedagogical theory and practice]. Liudynoznavchi studii. Seriia «Pedahohika» – Human Studies. Series of «Pedagogy», 7/39, 50–61. doi: 10.24919/2313-2094.7/39.140927 [in Ukrainian].Article historyReceived: 30 May 2018Received in revised form: 29 June 2018Accepted: 10 July 2018Available online: 12 September 2018 Abstract. The article analyzes contemporary Ukrainian and foreign studies in the field of inclusive education. A review of scientific studies on the education of children with special educational needs was held in Ukraine at the beginning of the XXI century. It is noted that it is necessary to pay more attention to foreign experience and build on this basis its own system of alternative inclusive education, which in Ukraine should coexist with general and special.It has been found that the basis of inclusive education is the ideology that prevents any discrimination against children, ensures equal treatment for all, but creates special conditions for children with special educational needs. It is noted that inclusive education can support such children in learning and achieving success, which will give them chances and opportunities to improve their lives.The article classifies the scientific and theoretical basis, devoted to the problem of inclusive education in Ukraine and foreign countries according to the institutional criterion and singles out two main groups of scientific works. It is proved that for the successful implementation of inclusive education in the general educational process in Ukraine it is necessary to develop its own model of the introduction of inclusive education taking into account the positive trends of the experience of those countries for which inclusion has become an integral part of education. Acknowledgments. Sincere thanks to Zavadska Lidiya Arkhypivna – professor, the dean of the Health, Physical Cuture and Sports of International Stepan Demyanchuk Economic and Humanitarian University.Funding. The author received no financial support for the research,authorship, and/or publication of this article.

The Effect of Chorus Education in Disadvantageous Groups on the Process of General Education—Cultural Awareness and Socializing: The Sample of Gypsy Children

Many reasons such as social exclusion, economic insufficiency, and prejudice make it difficult for Gypsy children to reach qualified education and cause their expectations for the future to be minimized. Yet, it is considered that the property of “inclination to music”, linked especially with Gypsies, will positively affect the motivations of Gypsy children for the school and their academic achievement and thus music education and chorus education performed in this context will make considerable contributions to the education process of the children.In this context, with a pilot classroom selected from the 4th grades in a primary school all of whose students consist of Gypsy children, chorus education studies have been carried out for an academic year. In accordance with the results obtained from the research, it has been reached the end of the fact that chorus education studies have made positive contributions to the general education, cultural awareness and socialization process of Gypsy children included in the disadvantageous groups and presenting Gypsy children with the opportunities that they can turn the music permanently present in their daily lives into an advantage in educational terms is quite important.

Russian Book for Children in Czechoslovakia in 1917—1939: Publishing and Criticism

Taking into consideration the numerous difficulties faced by the publishers of children’s books in emigration, its study seems to be almost impossible. However, in 1920-ies in Czechoslovakia there are created institutions, enabling recording and distribution of new Russian children’s books. The article describes the activities of leading and smaller publishers of Russian Abroad in the context of general cultural and educational processes in the environment of the Russian Diaspora in Czechoslovakia in the period of 1917—1939: release of new editions, recording and distribution of books for children in Russian. Special attention is paid to the interaction of publishers with the educational organizations, to the choice of authors of books. There are noted the genre-thematic features of the publications (textbooks, non-fiction, classics for training of the reading skills in Russian language, fairy tales). There is examined the position of children’s literature in overall literary process of Russian emigration of 1920-ies, its assessment by literary criticism, educators and publishers, and, in particular, the leading role of the critics department of the Prague pedagogical magazine “Russian school abroad” in the formation of status of children’s literature of Russian Abroad.

Ethnic choice effects at the transition into upper-secondary education in Switzerland

Compared to natives, students with immigrant background are – other things being equal – more likely to choose academic tracks over vocational education and training (VET) at upper-secondary level. Evidence of so-called ethnic choice effects is mostly based on education systems where vocational tracks are often regarded as ‘unfavourable’. Our study investigated ethnic choice effects at the end of compulsory school in Switzerland, a country with a strong VET sector offering competitive incentives, particularly for students with lower or average achievement. Based on longitudinal data from the ‘Transitions from Education to Employment’ (TREE) survey, we found that most migrant groups were more likely to choose academic-track pathways preparing for university admission over VET preparing more directly for employment. Nested logistic regression analyses revealed that a large share of these ethnic choice effects was explained by immigrant optimism. Our findings shed light on general educational decision-making processes among migrant families and their potential consequences for ethnic inequality in post-compulsory education.

The Transformative Power of Communication: Democratizing Practices for the General Education Classroom

Abstract This article examines the common communication practices of deliberation, discussion, delivery, and debate, for their democratizing potential through their greater inclusion in all general education classrooms. It argues that these tools are underutilized outside of communication classrooms but offer numerous benefits to teachers and students alike who participate in the general education process. Increasing communication opportunities for students in more classes can contribute to greater self-reflection, more positive engagement with and openness to difference, and higher connectivity with class content. Likewise, increased communication by faculty with students about the values of general education can reduce the risk of students missing out on the democratizing values that stand to be gained through a general education curriculum. These findings have implications for the reenvisioning of how general education classes can be taught as well as how instructors might better appeal to student engagement with course material based on the transformative power of communication.

The Transformative Power of Communication: Democratizing Practices for the General Education Classroom

Abstract This article examines the common communication practices of deliberation, discussion, delivery, and debate, for their democratizing potential through their greater inclusion in all general education classrooms. It argues that these tools are underutilized outside of communication classrooms but offer numerous benefits to teachers and students alike who participate in the general education process. Increasing communication opportunities for students in more classes can contribute to greater self-reflection, more positive engagement with and openness to difference, and higher connectivity with class content. Likewise, increased communication by faculty with students about the values of general education can reduce the risk of students missing out on the democratizing values that stand to be gained through a general education curriculum. These findings have implications for the reenvisioning of how general education classes can be taught as well as how instructors might better appeal to student engagement with course material based on the transformative power of communication.

Развитие этнокультурной толерантности подростков в условиях общеобразовательного процесса

Развитие этнокультурной толерантности подростков в условиях общеобразовательного процесса

Development of Healthy Thinking: Specifics of Educational Experiment

The process of formation of a healthy thinking among the young students within the higher education system has been assessed as a logical component of the National Program for Personnel Training and general educational process for upbringing of a mature personality. Formation of healthy thinking among the youth and students within the higher education system is one of directions, which is based on the principles of promoting the Program For Healthy Generation and healthy lifestyle, and its development, determination of its structural parts and criteria, development and introduction of new curricula based on it are considered as one of important components of involving the whole population in the process of reforms.

Роль литературно-театрального проекта в развитии социокультурной компетенции на занятиях по английскому языку (из опыта работы)

In this article the author shares her experience on how
 to develop sociocultural competence by means of the literary and
 theatrical project on English classes. The Author´s need of appealing
 to the study of literature and theatreof the country which language
 is learned is caused by the nowadays increased necessity in
 cross-cultural communication and cooperation.
 The search for the solution led to the idea to organize the process
 of training English language on the basis of modern educational
 technologies allowing to improve educational process, to increase
 efficiency and quality of its organization. The method of projects
 became one of the primary ones. The author offers the creative
 project "Literary Drawing Room" with staging elements allowing
 to create the language environment, maintaining interest in studying
 of English and motivation for the new knowledge.
 The theatrical project became another integral part of the educational
 process organized by the author of this article. She refers to
 the prominent educatorswho proved the expediency of carrying out
 theatrical classes in general education process.
 The participation of the drama school headed by the author of this
 article in the International Theater Festivals in Russia and abroad,
 receiving Grants and recognition are a bright confirmation of the
 right choice of the literary and theatrical project as a way to polycultural
 personality formation prepared for cross-cultural communication.

Сучасний стан організаційно-методичного забезпечення гурткових занять із футболу зі школярами

Purpose: to study the current state of organizational and methodological support of study group in football with secondary school students. Material: the analysis of the regulatory system and professional scientific and methodological literature is made, materials of the Internet, pedagogical supervision. Results: the current state of organizational and methodological support of study group in football with secondary school students is discussed. The problems of regulatory system, methodological and organizational support of study group in football with secondary school students are highlighted. Conclusions: a number of open issues of organizational and methodological support of study group in football with secondary school students is defined. In order to improve the implementation of football into general educational process, ways of improving organizational and methodological support of study group in football with secondary school students are given.

Quality of the home learning environment during preschool age – Domains and contextual conditions

The quality of the home learning environment has been proven to be of major importance for child development, but little is known about the role of domain specificity in promoting early childhood learning at home and its dependence on family background. This article presents a framework of the home learning environment in early childhood that includes three domains of stimulation (i.e. family support, stimulation in literacy and stimulation in numeracy) and their contextual conditions. The study examines the extent to which the structural characteristics and educational beliefs of the family are connected to educational processes taking place in the home learning environment during preschool age. Results show that general educational processes of the home learning environment operate independently of structural characteristics and parental educational beliefs, whereas the domain-specific educational processes of the home learning environment are more strongly related to the structural characteristics and parental educational beliefs. A model of the home learning environment should thus always include different domains of stimulation (general and domain-specific) presented as parallel cases.

Methodological approaches to estimation of teenagers' health

On the basis of International classification of functioning, limitations of vital activity and health, model of estimation of teenagers' health considering these changes from positions of functioning of the organism and context factors was developed. According to this model five groups of health of school-children of secondary schools were distinguished. Teenagers with sufficient level of structure and function of organism, structure of personality and mental functions, activity and participation in general educational processes compose group I A. Teenagers with sufficient level of structure and function of organism, mental functions and disorders of structure of personality, activity and participation in social life compose group I B. Teena­gers with sufficient level of structure of the organism and personality, activity and participation in social life, disorders of organism functions and psychic functions compose group II. III A group - teenagers with disorders of structure of the organism and personality, functions of the organism and sufficient mental functions, participation in the social life. III B group - teenagers with disorders of structure and functions of the organism, structure of personality and psychic functions, low level of activity and participation in social life. The model, advanced methods and the software made it possible to create information technology of estimation of teenagers' health; this raises quality of diagnostics by 20,3%.

Effectiveness of senior secondary schools in Sri Lanka

It is widely accepted that, in spite of the availability of a national policy, common educational objectives, curricula, text books, evaluation and examination systems to guide the general education process in Sri Lanka, there are clear inequalities within the system in terms of quality and effectiveness. The main reason for this diversity is that there are various factors affecting school effectiveness. It is difficult to provide a precise definition of, or statistical data, on school effectiveness based on the findings of studies done in different countries on the subject. Yet, it is possible to identify factors that determine effectiveness of schools in a particular country or area. The main objective of the present study is to examine the factors that affect effectiveness of senior secondary schools in Sri Lanka. In order to achieve this objective, an exploratory research design involving sample surveys and case studies was employed. While questionnaires, observations, interviews and documentary analysis have been used as techniques of data collection, statistical methods were used for data analysis. The study was conducted in two stages in order to facilitate the use of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data was collected in stage one, while in stage two, case studies of six schools were undertaken in order to collect qualitative data. In the first stage of the study, 36 schools were drawn on the basis of a stratified random sample representing senior secondary schools in all educational divisions in the Colombo district. Then a sample of 500 stakeholders was drawn from these schools. The data collected from these respondents have been analyzed and interpreted in keeping with the objectives of the study. Firstly, the researcher, based on the conceptual framework developed on the basis of the literature survey, formulated a questionnaire covering twelve factors and 95 criteria suitable to measure school effectiveness. Based on observations and questionnaires administered among stakeholders, the extent of the presence of school effectiveness factors were estimated. It was found that the principal’s leadership, school mission and objectives, school culture and environment, curricula, student centeredness, and teachers’ commitment were satisfactory in the sample schools. Yet, the situation with regard to school-community relations, student - teacher welfare, extent of extra - curricular activities and student expectations in schools and physical resources were not satisfactory. The factors that contribute to school effectiveness in the country as identified by stakeholders in descending order of importance are; school mission and objectives, school culture, principal’s leadership, teacher commitment, student expectations, student-centeredness of the curriculum, adequacy of resources and community relations. A clear relationship was found between factors of school effectiveness and GCE Ordinary Level results. The weakest relationship was found between factors of school effectiveness and Grade Five scholarship examination results. A school effectiveness index was developed and used to rank schools in terms of school effectiveness. Accordingly, schools were divided into three levels ranging from the highest to the lowest level of effectiveness. The above classification helped explain disparities among schools in terms of zone, school category, type of administration, composition and location. Accordingly, the greatest disparities were found in the Colombo division, while the least disparities were found in the Homagama division. As regards the type of schools, 9 out of 10 highest ranking schools belonged to 1AB (Schools with GCE A/L Science, Commerce and Arts classes) category. In other words, 1AB schools were more effective than 1C (Schools with GCE A/L Arts and Commerce classes) schools. However, among 1AB schools, national schools were higher in rank than provincial schools and private schools were higher in rank in comparison to both national and provincial schools. Among the government schools, national schools ranked higher than provincial schools and private schools ranked higher than government schools. As for student composition, male schools ranked higher than mixed schools. Yet, female schools ranked higher than male schools. Among mixed schools there are still disparities between 1AB and 1C schools, the former ranking higher. As for the location, disparities were greater among schools in Municipal areas than elsewhere. In-depth analysis carried out confirmed the earlier findings as regards the factors determining school effectiveness. Moreover, in-depth data also confirmed the validity of the school effectiveness index developed on the basis of the quantitative survey. Accordingly, the conclusions derived from the study could be generalized with respect to schools in other parts of Sri Lanka. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljss.v33i1-2.5456 Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences 2010/2011 33/34 (1 & 2) 31-42

Vera Theologia Scientia Est: Bucer and the Training of Ministers

‘If Bucer in all of his life had done nothing good and had only organized the school in Strasbourg, yet it were a delightful godly work, for in all of my life I have never seen such a school. This opinion of Gereon Sailer, the city-doctor of Augsburg, will without objection be accepted by everyone looking at Bucer's educational achievements. In this article I will mainly deal with Bucer's involvement in theological education. Ernst-Wilhelm Kohls in his dissertation has, from the sources, given a description of the historical process of Bucer's contribution to the Strasbourg school.2 Since the theme of Kohls is Bucer's importance for the general educational process, this leaves room for a concentration on the topic of theological training which can be done by using and expanding the material Kohls has brought together in his book and in his edition of volume 7 of Martin Bucer's Deutsche Schriften.3

Electrical Engineering in the New Netherlands Educational System

SUMMARY The general education process is discussed with emphasis on electrical engineering at the level of higher professional education institutes and at university level. By law, a shorter curriculum was introduced at universities in 1982. In this paper attention is given to the project stimulating micro-electronic design. The various possibilities in the post-graduate studies are also mentioned. Some differences from other European educational systems are touched upon.

General Education, Graduate Education, and Instruction in the Use of Libraries

Libraries have an important role to play in the general education process, even at the graduate level. An infusion of education about library resources can help to lessen the insularity which characterizes so much of graduate education in the U.S., and could help to break the cycle which perpetuates the lack of communication between academic disciplines. Various roles suggested for academic libraries in this regard include an through disciplinary instruction, a handmaiden approach to assisting individual graduate students, and a specific general education role for libraries which cuts across disciplines, through the use of seminars and other general education activities. Computer database searching may be a useful fulcrum, in any of these approaches, to broaden the perspective and the interdisciplinary awareness of both graduate students and faculty.