General Circumstance Research Articles

Quality of Life and Its Influencing Factors Among Schizophrenia Patients Living in Urban and Rural Areas

To investigate the status quo of the quality of life of schizophrenia patients in a city in Sichuan Province and to explore, thereof, the urban-rural differences in the factors influencing their quality of life. A total of 824 schizophrenia patients were selected for the study through multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. All the subjects were selected from a pool of patients covered by the Sichuan Provincial Information System for the Comprehensive Management of Severe Mental Disorders. Questionnaire surveys were conducted with the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the general circumstance questionnaire, and the lifestyle questionnaire. In addition, univariate and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of quality of life among schizophrenia patients living in urban areas and those in rural areas. Rural patients had poorer quality of life than urban patients did in all measurement domains ( P<0.05). Marital status, vocational skills, physical exercise, and social support were influencing factors of the quality of life among urban patients ( P<0.05). Age, marital status, annual household income, vocational skills, participation in community rehabilitation activities, and the time required to walk to the nearest medical institution were influencing factors of the quality of life among rural patients ( P<0.05). Targeted measures for the enhancement of the quality of life of schizophrenia patients should be formulated on the basis of urban and rural characteristics in terms of economic support, vocational skills training, input in mental health services, community rehabilitation services, and social support.

A Study on Translation of Chinese Children’s Literature from the Perspective of Polysystem Theory

Polysystem Theory was developed in 1970s by Israeli scholar Itamar Even-Zohar borrowing ideas from the Russian Formalist of the the 1920s(Munday, 2001: 109). Although building on work by the Formalist, Even-Zohar reacts against ‘the fallacies of traditional aesthetic approach’(Even-Zohar 2002: 4), which had focus on ‘high’ literature and had disregarded as unimportant literary systems or genres such as children’s literature, thrillers and the whole system of translated literature. We put the translation of children’s literature in the general circumstance of social culture and find that children’s literature is on the margin of the literary system. This causes a lot of constraints and obstructions in writing and translating for children’s literature. This paper explores how the translation of children’s literature were influenced by cultural environment. the author conducted the development of Chinese children’s literature into 3 period and analyze how children’s literature improved in different eras from the perspective of polysystem theory.

Innovation and Development of University Education Management Informationization in the Big Data Environment

With the arrival of the big data era, the role of big data can be fully utilized, and the comprehensive data evaluation is carried out to perform education information evaluation. In the general circumstance of computerized learning, college teaching regulation has new features and novel orientations. Along with the speedy progression of sci-tech, the pace of dissemination of data is continuously quickening, and it is being increasingly easy for the public to interact and carry on with their lives. Because people use the network to access a variety of data information, the system cannot handle huge amounts of data; this is the cause of the era. In the process of the comprehensive approach of the information age, with the impact of the Age of Big Data, the administration of intelligence in universities has transformed. Big Data InfoTech has infiltrated into all realms of community lifestyle. How to cope with the transformation of informationization of university education management in the era is a serious challenge for relevant personnel. This study begins by discoursing the essential implication of big data, followed by a diagnosis of the questions involved in the establishment of computerization in high schools under the environment of big data, comprising the imminent solutions to the dilemmas in collegiate education maintenance, the issues raised by privatization in high schools, and the strategies for education management. This is followed by the proposal of the innovative educational administration informationization development trend in the big data context. In this research, there are 11 professors in the expert group, accounting for 44%, 8 associate professors, accounting for 32%, and 6 lecturers or below, accounting for 24%. This study makes full use of a large number of procedural data generated in educational management activities to achieve an efficient, comprehensive, accurate, and objective evaluation, which provides strong technical support for educational management informatization evaluation.

Epistemic Peerhood and Standpoint Theory

This paper uses standpoint theory to explore whether all there is to establish epistemic peerhood between subjects is that they be (i) equally exposed to or familiar with the evidence pertaining to a disagreed claim, and be (ii) equals with regards to intelligence, freedom from bias and similar epistemic virtues within the domain of the claim in question. I argue that there is at least one general circumstance in which conditions (i) and (ii) are met, but nevertheless the subjects deviate in their likelihood to be mistaken about the claim in question, thus preventing them from being epistemic peers. Such a circumstance presents itself as a case in which the claim in question is part of those aspects of social relations and experiences of the marginalized.

Street Children: Circumstances and Problems of Street Children in North Western Ethiopia Amhara Regional State, Central Gondar Zone

The purpose of this study was to show the general circumstance that is accounted for the phenomenon of street children, and problems in the study area. Thus, it examines the contributing factors that push children to be on the streets, encounters, and their experiences in their endeavour with street life. The study employed a qualitative method to get rich information about the actual life of participants. The study employed a Phenomenological design to investigate the daily life experience of street children. Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques in this study were employed to get participants. The sample size for this study was 23 participants in which 12 of them participated in an interview and 8 participated in focus group discussion and 3 key informants’ interview. The collected data were analyzed thematically. The findings of the study showed that children joined the street due to lack of family planning, divorce, parental detachment, poverty, attending religious education, abuse and neglect, peer pressure. The result also showed that children on street encountered rape, taking away their properties, chased away by Militia patrol and police; they are facing social exclusion, and health problems due to their dwelling conditions and inaccessibility health services. Thus, street children additionally face more troubles once they are on the street that is surely going to have an effect on their development. Keywords: street children, circumstances, problems DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-23-01 Publication date: December 31 st 2020

&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C-dateringar, hus och bebyggelseutveckling

A large prehistoric site, Stafsinge 133, was excavated in 2016 near Falkenberg, Sweden. Mainly, archaeological remains from late Bronze Age and early Iron Age were found. Only three of the 26 houses were dated to an earlier period. No remains occurred from later periods. The question is whether this is a general circumstance in the surrounding landscape. Therefore, a study was carried out of all 14C-analyses from archaeological investigations in three parishes nearby Stafsinge 133. The study involved all prehistoric houses that have been excavated in the area. Since 1986, 268 14C-samples from 49 prehistoric sites have been analysed. The total number of houses included was 100. The study of 14C and prehistoric houses showed that the period most likely to be expected at an archaeological excavation in the area around Falkenberg is between 1000 BC and the year 0. The study also showed that 14C-analysis was much more commonly performed at excavations before 1998 than after that year.

Translationally symmetric graphene strips

The character of non-bonding molecular orbitals (and the related spin-density) is addressed in the general circumstance of translationally symmetric graphenic strips. Besides a systematic characterization of such possible strips, couplings are addressed between boundary-localized unpaired spins, including the case when opposite sides of a strip are two different types of (translationally symmetric) boundaries.

Velocity propagation with a time-varying slew rate vector for strapdown INS

The traditional velocity integration algorithms in a strapdown inertial navigation system are to approximate the rotational vector which related to the transformation matrix and then integrate the transformed specific force vector over the velocity update interval. In order to eliminate approximate integration error existed in the traditional algorithms, a new velocity integration algorithm with a time-varying slew rate vector is developed in this paper. An additional frame, the slewing frame which slews along with the angular rate and specific force vectors, is constructed to design and form the optimized algorithms of velocity. The relative position among the angular rate vector, the specific force vector and the slewing frame is fixed. So it is convenient to get a precise rotation vector. In addition, a more general testing circumstance called the time-varying slewing motion developed in this paper for evaluation of the velocity integration algorithms. It is more complex and severer than the classic sculling motion. Simulation test results under the classic sculling motion and the time-varying slewing motion demonstrate that the proposed velocity integration algorithm has better performance than the traditional one.

Do the burst of financial crisis and European Union membership impact Earnings Management. Evidence from emerging Eastern European countries

The paper studies earnings management in developing European countries. We investigated if membership in the European Union and the recent global financial crisis affected the decisions of managers in Eastern European countries to engage in earnings management. By analyzing a sample of 4,627 firms from four developing Eastern European countries (the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia) over the period of 2002-2009, our findings suggest there was a decrease in earnings management over the period leading up to the accession of these countries to the European Union. Additionally, we found that there was an increase in earnings management after the burst of the financial crisis. The results contribute to the debate in the accounting literature regarding the variations in earnings management related to the changes in environmental factors influencing companies. These results have several implications for standard setters and regulators; in particular, companies’ incentives are strongly influenced by the general conditions and circumstance of their home countries. Additionally, the study explores the still unexplored developing markets of Eastern European countries.

The effects of projected climate change and extreme climate on maize and rice in the Yangtze River Basin, China

crop yield is highly sensitive to climate change and extreme climate. Here, the impact of climate change and extreme climate was assessed based on the climate variable outputs from 17 General Circumstance Models (GCMs) in the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase five (CMIP5) dataset, a statistically downscaling method, a series of 12 extreme climate indices selected from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) calculated using the downscaled climate variable outputs and a process–base Crop Simulation Model (CSM). The climate variable outputs consist history data series (1961–2005) of GCMs simulation used as baseline, future period (2006–2050) including two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), 4.5 and 8.5 in the Yangtze River Basin. The results showed that: (1) the mean temperature and precipitation in growing season would increase for 81 stations for the future period under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 relative to baseline in the Yangtze River Basin. In contrast, the mean downward shortwave solar radiation in growing season at most sites presented an upward trend for the future period under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 relative to baseline in the Yangtze River Basin; (2) the maize and rice yield was projected to decrease by approximately 5.36% and 2.55% under RCP4.5 and 6.04% and 2.48% under RCP8.5, respectively, relative to baseline with consideration of the CO2 effect; (3) The maize and rice yield would be lowered by 2.995% and 2.268% with a 1 °C increase in the mean growing season temperature, respectively. Conversely, the maize and rice yield would increase by approximately 6.947% and 2.885% with a 1 MJ m−2 increase in the mean growing season downward shortwave solar radiation, respectively. Extreme climate indices were strongly correlated with the maize and rice yield, especially in the number of days above temperature threshold, maximum number of consecutive days with precipitation <1 mm, maximum daily highest temperature, number of heavy precipitation when precipitation ≥10 mm and precipitation ≥20 mm in the Yangtze River Basin. Although uncertainties might arise from not considering the adaptation strategies, this study highlights how climate change including temperature, solar radiation, water use and extreme climate will affect the maize and rice yield in the Yangtze River Basin.

Asymptotic Secrecy Outage Performance for TAS/MRC Over Correlated Nakagami-${m}$ Fading Channels

In this paper, considering both the antenna correlation and the channel correlation between the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper, we comprehensively investigate the secrecy performance for transmit antenna selection and maximal ratio combining (TAS/MRC) scheme in a multi-input multi-output multi-antenna eavesdropper (MIMOME) system. Different from the existing works, the correlated legitimate channels and correlated eavesdropper channels experience Nakagmai- ${m}$ fading with distinct fading parameters, and are modeled as a combination of conditionally independent channel gains and independent channel gains. By this novel correlation representation, the combined effect of antenna correlation and channel correlation between the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper on secrecy performance is quantified via the secrecy outage probability (SOP) under a more general fading circumstance. In addition, two special cases of correlated channels are addressed in detail. Finally, simulations are performed to verify our analysis. The analysis and simulation results show that at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), antenna correlation at the legitimate receiver can improve the SOP performance for the correlated MIMOME wiretap channels, and this finding is contrary to the conventional wisdom that antenna correlation degrades the SOP performance.

Optimal Sensor Placement for 3-D Time-of-Arrival Target Localization

This paper focuses on finding the optimal sensor placement strategies for circular time-of-arrival (TOA) localization in the three-dimensional (3D) space. The A-optimality criterion, minimizing the trace of the inverse Fisher information matrix (FIM), is applied to determine optimal sensor placements under the Gaussian measurement noise. A comprehensive analysis of optimal sensor-target geometries is provided in the general circumstance with no restriction on the number of sensors, sensor elevation angle and sensor-target range. The analysis is divided into two detailed sub-cases with uniform sensor measurement noise variance. The reachable minimum trace of Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) $=\frac{9\sigma ^2}{4N}$ is derived. Two new closed-form solutions, i.e., the resistor network and special solution methods, are developed to quickly determine the optimal geometries. Furthermore, the theoretical smallest tr(CRLB) $=\frac{9}{4} (\sum _{i=1}^N\frac{1}{\sigma _{i}^{2}})^{-1}$ of using different noise variances is also presented. The analytical results are verified by simulation examples.

A General Look at the Islamic and Islamic Philosophy Studies in the USA

A General Look at the Islamic and Islamic Philosophy Studies in the USA

Multispectral Image Super-Resolution via RGB Image Fusion and Radiometric Calibration.

Multispectral imaging is of wide application for its capability in acquiring the spectral information of scenes. Due to hardware limitation, multispectral imaging device usually cannot achieve high-spatial resolution. To address the issue, this paper proposes a multispectral image super-resolution algorithm, referred as SRIF, by fusing the low-resolution multispectral image and the high-resolution (HR) RGB image. It deals with the general circumstance that image intensity is linear to scene radiance for multispectral imaging devices while is nonlinear and unknown for most RGB cameras. The SRIF algorithm first solves the inverse camera response function and a spectral sensitivity function of RGB camera, and establishes the linear relationship between multispectral and RGB images. Then the unknown HR multispectral image is efficiently reconstructed according to the linear image degradation models. Meanwhile, the edge structure of the reconstructed HR multispectral image is kept in accordance with that of the RGB image using a weighted total variation regularizer. The effectiveness of the SRIF algorithm is evaluated on both public datasets and our image set. Experimental results validate that the SRIF algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-arts in terms of both reconstruction accuracy and computational efficiency.

Editorial board interlocking in knowledge management and intellectual capital research field

Due to the importance of academic journals, it is critical to understand how they can create influence on research fields. An alternative way to understand how scholarly journals create influence in academic fields is to analyze the editorial board interlockings (EBI) and how they may generate networks within academic fields. EBI is the term used to describe the general circumstance where the same scholar is a member of multiple editorial boards, which creates a social network dimension within and between academic journals. The aim of this paper is to examine EBI phenomenon within knowledge management and intellectual capital fields (KM–IC). Assuming that EBI creates a social structure within scholarly journals, this paper investigates how KM–IC journals are connected through EBI, which journals are the most influential within KM–IC field and identify if KM–IC scholarly journal network breaks into subgroups. Social network analysis was the method applied using data from KM–IC ranking. Results identified the scholarly journal network, the high influence journals, and the cohesive subgroups within KM–IC field.

Second law of gravitational thermodynamics in the locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type-II universe

In this work, under the assumption that the universe is locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-II and filled with anisotropic dark fluid (dark energy and dark radiation), we investigate whether the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) is still valid. We also consider another important condition for LRS Bianchi type-II spacetimes whereby the model expansion $\theta $ is proportional to the shear $\sigma $, which leads to $B=A^{n}$ (where n is a constant and A and B are the metric potentials). Based on this, we derive a general circumstance for the GSLT and find that its validity depends on the anisotropies of both the dark fluid and the metric potentials. We conclude that the GSLT still holds at all times even if these two anisotropic conditions are removed from the results.

Target Object Detection using Homographic Transformation

Background/Objectives: It is important to detect target objects in complicated environments without particular limits. This paper proposes a new method of detecting a target object in various circumstances with reflection. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The proposed method uses a stereo camera to capture a target object and then extracts the characteristics of the lines and corners that present the object well. After that, homographic transformation is applied to effectively remove unreal reflected characteristics from the extracted characteristics of the captured left and right images. Lastly, the real characteristics without reflected ones are clustered, and a target object is detected robustly. Findings: The test results of this paper reveal that the proposed algorithm detected a target object in the natural environment with reflection more accurately than an existing algorithm. For comparative evaluation of the performance of the proposed object detection algorithm, this paper uses as an experimental image the multiple scenes captured by a stereo camera in the general circumstance that has much reflection and no constraints. In particular, as an experimental image, the inside of an elevator comprised of steel walls with much mirror reflection was captured. This paper clustered real features and split them in the unit of object. To measure the performance of the target detection algorithm proposed in this paper, accuracy measure was used. As shown in the performance evaluation, the conventional algorithm tries to detect a target object without any removal of reflected features so that it has relatively lower accuracy than the proposed method. The proposed algorithm tries to detect a target object after removing unreal reflected features so as to detect a target object relatively reliably. Improvements/Applications: We expect that the proposed technique of detecting target objects in reflection environments will be utilized in various types of real application areas related to multimedia contents.

The Influence of Cracks in Track Slab and its Reflection in Structure Design

The loads and load combination in ballastless track design was briefly introduced. The influence of cracks to the track slab flexural stiffness was studied. According to the mechanical characteristic of ballastless track, the structural coefficient was proposed and put to use in the amendment of different load effect on track slab. The prerequisite of the combination of moment and tensile force was discussed. Take the track slab in bi-block ballastless track for example, the reinforcement in segmental slab and continuous slab was calculated respectively. The results show the reinforcement ratio will substantially reduce when the structural coefficient was considered in the design. In general circumstance, the thermal force in continuous track slab will cause relatively large cracks, in which condition the bending effects cannot be added. The reinforcement in segmental track slab was controlled by train loads, while that in continuous track slab was controlled by thermal force.

Being Judge and Witness: Edwin Cameron’s Witness to AIDS

In the afterword to his autobiographical account of holocaust, Primo Levi distinguishes between two categories of person who survived the concentration camps. Those in the first category typically refuse to revisit the scene of their internment, and avoid discussing or remembering their experience, even though they cannot succeed in forgetting and tend to revisit what they suppress in nightmare and in somatic and psychic dis-ease. This group, Levi contends, comprises for the most part individuals who found themselves in camps not for political reasons but through general circumstance and misfortune, so that the memory of their imprisonment and torture is extraneous to their concept of life, cannot yield meaning, must be (although cannot be) excised. The second category, with whom Levi identifies himself, is made up of survivors who “have, instead, forgotten, have dismissed everything, and have begun again to live, starting from zero” (390).

Investigation of knowledge structure and knowledge requirement of udergraduate course nursing teachers in Heilongjiang Province

Objective To identify knowledge structure and knowledge requirement of undergradu-ate course nursing teachers in our province, and offer corresponding training suggestions to construct teaching staff with reasonable knowledge structure. Methods The author adopted investigation method by giving questionnaire to 181 nursing teachers that assumed undergraduate course nursing education, the main content included general circumstance, knowledge structure and knowledge requirement of un-dergraduate course nursing teachers in Heilongjiang province. Results Nursing teachers in the fields of knowledge all had low score items, they most lacked foreign languages and expertise knowledge, the ur-gent need was to improve teaching theory and practice of teaching ability. Conclusions Nursing teach-ers possess some weak links in all areas of knowledge to different' extent, and the knowledge structure needs to be further improved. The college leaders should provide targeted training combined with nursing teachers' knowledge needs. Key words: Undergraduate nursing education; Nursing teachers; Knowledge structure; Knowledge requirement