General Board Research Articles

Skin of colour dermatology education in US primary care residency programmes: a nationwide cross-sectional survey of programme directors

Abstract Background Physicians-in-training report inadequate education in skin of colour (SOC) dermatology during residency. Although dermatology programmes have made progress in teaching SOC dermatology, the status of SOC dermatology education in primary care residency programmes remains unclear. Objectives To characterize SOC didactic and clinical training opportunities available to primary care residents, laying the groundwork for future curriculum development of SOC dermatology. Methods This cross-sectional study consisted of a nationwide 16-question survey disseminated by email between October 2022 and February 2023 to US primary care residency programmes identified using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) database. Results Of responding programmes (n = 49/1224, 4.0%), 29/49 offered SOC didactic training, most often through integration of content within general dermatology lectures (n = 29/49, 59.2%) and board review sessions (n = 13/49, 26.5%). Over half of programmes (n = 35/49, 71.4%) offered SOC clinical training through rotation in a general dermatology clinic (n = 33/49, 67.3%) and skin-related chief concerns in primary care clinics (n = 29/49, 59.2%). Programmes with directors indicating that they planned to incorporate SOC education into future curricula (n = 20/49, 40.8%) were more likely to already have SOC didactic and clinical training opportunities (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). Regarding future directions, programme directors were most interested in integrating SOC topics within dermatology lectures (n = 31/49, 63.3%); identifying an expert (n = 31/49, 63.3%) and allocating lecture time (n = 10/49, 20.4%) were the most frequently cited barriers. Conclusions Some primary care programmes provide SOC dermatology didactic and clinical training opportunities, which are influenced by programme directors’ willingness to incorporate such training into curricula, and present opportunities for dermatologists to educate primary care residents.

The Influence of Traditional Religious Authority on Digital Preachers: Case Studies of Ustadz Hanan Attaki and Ustadz Adi Hidayat

This research aims to investigate whether traditional religious authorities in the case of two largest Islamic organizations in Indonesia (Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah) still have greater authority than the new media friendly religious figures. This research employs the bai’at (edification) of Ustadz Hanan Attaki (UHA) to Nahdlatul Ulama and the admission of Ustadz Adi Hidayat (UAH) to the Muhammadiyah General Board as a case study. This research attemps to answer two questions: How do new religious authorities still need to rely on traditional religious authorities? Why are the traditional religious authorities in NU Muhammadiyah still able to survive during the development of new media and the emergence of new religious authorities? Using the theoretical framework of Max Weber, this study explains the process of forming authority. This research finds that first, new religious authorities lack key elements of "authority." The long-established structures within traditional groups provide a level of legitimacy that is difficult for new religious authorities to replicate without integrating into these networks. Second, traditional authorities have spent decades, even centuries, building a loyal following and strong organizational infrastructure. These networks are supported by political capital, granting traditional authorities protection, and influence that new figures cannot easily access.

Islamic Education Program Approach to Islamic Personality Development

The development of science and technology, on the other hand, raises new problems in the world of education in higher education, especially the behavior shown by students with the rampant consumption of alcohol, drugs, promiscuous behavior, and abortion, which is undeniable evidence of the negative impact of scientific and technological progress. This research aims to analyze the Islamic education program's approach towards Islamic personality development in Miftahul Khoir Student Boarding School Bandung. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques were conducted by means of interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Based on the results of the study, the Islamic education program at PPM Miftahul Khoir has a distinctive feature by referencing four main concepts in designing Islamic education programs, namely first getting to know the basics of boarding school science. Second, Tafaqquh Fiddīn. Third, leadership and entrepreneurship. Fourth, adab and ethics. This concept makes the program at PPM Miftahul Khoir different from Islamic education programs in Salafi boarding schools in general and other student boarding schools. The Islamic education program at PPM Miftahul Khoir will support the implementation of the objectives of Islamic education at PPM Miftahul Khoir, because the program is made by the educational objectives it wants to achieve. The Islamic education program at PPM Miftahul Khoir is divided into two program scopes: the program listed in the syllabus and the non-syllabus program.

How Runoff Elections and the Form of Local Administration Affect the Costs of Elections

To what extent do states’ administrative and policy choices affect their election costs? Previous scholarship highlights how the costs and demand sides of the public sector cost model correlate with election administration spending, and more recent evidence has added political considerations such as the partisanship of county commissions. Using Georgia’s unique election processes—runoff elections and multiple methods of election administration at the county level—we contribute to understanding election administration expenditures. We demonstrate that general election runoffs and Boards of Election, rather than probate judge-run elections, are related to significant increases in expenditures per registered voter between 2014 and 2020. This further develops the literature regarding procedural costs and the impact of the managerial capacity of election bureaus.

Maintaining maintenance: The real effects of financial reporting for infrastructure

AbstractWe use the adoption of General Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 34 (GASB 34) to examine whether disclosing information in states' financial reports influences their investment decisions. GASB 34 requires governments to report on general infrastructure assets and permits either the standard depreciation approach or the modified approach. The modified approach requires additional disclosures, a step which we argue promotes greater transparency about a government's infrastructure and can potentially facilitate infrastructure investment decisions. We find a robust positive association between the modified approach and investment in infrastructure maintenance. Additional evidence demonstrates a more pronounced effect when external monitoring is likely higher and government officials are likely better informed as a result of the increased disclosure. We further find that states using the modified approach are less likely to cut or divert funds intended for infrastructure maintenance. Our study suggests that disclosing information in governments' financial reports can have real effects, such as mitigating underinvestment in infrastructure maintenance, which governments often defer to future periods in violation of the interperiod equity principle and to the detriment of society.

위치 상황 기반 보완대체의사소통의 자원 계층 구조와 상황 전환 사용자 인터페이스 개발

Background and Objectives: For people who have difficulties in language, locationbased Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) mobile applications recommend AAC symbols based on their location to assist communication in daily life. Using AAC symbols available at a specific location with smart devices having small screens requires additional actions like swiping, which can be burden for [This research was supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number : HJ21C0007). This research extends the poster presentation of ‘An AAC Board Hierarchy and User Interface for Communication Situation Switching in Location-Based AAC’ in ‘The 3rd East Asian Regional Conference on Augmentative and Alternative Communication: AAC Beyond Pandemic’ of Korean Society of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (KSAAC). Correspondence to Ki-Hyung Hong, Ph.D., Department of Service Design Engineering, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Korea, e-mail: khhong@sungshin.ac.kr, tel: + 82 2 920 7525] AAC users. This study aims to make it easier for AAC users to explore symbols and improve efficiency of facilitation by reusing AAC resources. Method: We define AAC situation boards as collections of AAC symbols specifically needed for certain communication situations. Group AAC boards, on the other hand, are collections of AAC symbols that belong to the same categories. We designed a hierarchy to allow these situation and group AAC boards to be included as sub-boards in general and location AAC boards. We also developed a user interface that allows facilitators to manage AAC resources based on the hierarchy. The interface makes it easy for AAC users to select appropriate AAC symbols for the current situation through a situation-based symbol circulation and switching method. Result & Conclusion: We enhanced and expanded location and situation-based AAC mobile applications by utilizing a hierarchy of AAC resources and integrating a user interface for efficient management and utilization of these resources. To assess its usability, we conducted a user evaluation involving 44 facilitators. The results of the evaluation indicate that the location and situation-based AAC mobile application, with its ability to switch situations based on the AAC resource hierarchy, received high ratings in terms of satisfaction, convenience, and stability.

The Dutch Dystrophinopathy Database: A National Registry with Standardized Patient and Clinician Reported Real-World Data.

Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy lack curative treatments. Registers can facilitate therapy development, serving as a platform to study epidemiology, assess clinical trial feasibility, identify eligible candidates, collect real-world data, perform post-market surveillance, and collaborate in (inter)national data-driven initiatives. In addressing these facets, it's crucial to gather high-quality, interchangeable, and reusable data from a representative population. We introduce the Dutch Dystrophinopathy Database (DDD), a national registry for patients with DMD or BMD, and females with pathogenic DMD variants, outlining its design, governance, and use. The design of DDD is based on a system-independent information model that ensures interoperable and reusable data adhering to international standards. To maximize enrollment, patients can provide consent online and participation is allowed on different levels with contact details and clinical diagnosis as minimal requirement. Participants can opt-in for yearly online questionnaires on disease milestones and medication and to have clinical data stored from visits to one of the national reference centers. Governance involves a general board, advisory board and database management. On November 1, 2023, 742 participants were enrolled. Self-reported data were provided by 291 Duchenne, 122 Becker and 38 female participants. 96% of the participants visiting reference centers consented to store clinical data. Eligible patients were informed about clinical studies through DDD, and multiple data requests have been approved to use coded clinical data for quality control, epidemiology and natural history studies. The Dutch Dystrophinopathy Database captures long-term patient and high-quality standardized clinician reported healthcare data, supporting trial readiness, post-marketing surveillance, and effective data use using a multicenter design that is scalable to other neuromuscular disorders.

Representation of women among cardiothoracic surgery editorial boards: Trends over the past 2 decades

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine representation of women on the editorial boards of cardiothoracic surgery-focused journals over the past 2 decades to identify changes over time compared with women cardiothoracic surgeon and trainee representation, and to highlight additional opportunities for improvement. MethodsThe editorial boards of 2 high-impact cardiothoracic surgery journals were reviewed from 2000 to 2023. Data on editorial board positions, including editors-in-chief, associate/deputy editors, feature editors, and general members of the editorial board were abstracted. The proportion of women editors was assessed. Data were compared with publicly available information from the Association of American Medical Colleges on physician specialty by sex. ResultsOf 3460 editorial positions, 332 (9.6%) were held by women. Women occupied 2.2% (1 out of 45) of editor-in-chief positions, 13.2% (78 out of 592) of senior editor positions, 11.5% (33 out of 287) of feature editor positions, and 8.3% (221 out of 2663) of general editorial board positions. The proportion of women holding any editorial board position significantly increased from 2.4% in 2000 to 18.2% in 2023 (P = .01). Overall, editorial board representation increased at a rate of 0.7% ± 1.3% per year, not significantly different from the growth of practicing women cardiothoracic surgeons at 0.3% ± 0.5% per year (P = .584). DiscussionRepresentation of women on the editorial boards of cardiothoracic surgery-focused journals has increased commensurate with the increasing proportion of practicing women cardiothoracic surgeons, although remains at 16%. Work remains to continue the recruitment of women to cardiothoracic surgery as well as to identify the key elements that can support them in positions of leadership.

Independence of the General Election Commission and Election Supervisory Board for Democratic Elections

The Constitution explicitly states that to achieve the national ideals and objectives, General Elections need to be held to elect members of the People's Representative Council, members of the Regional Representative Council, the President and Vice President, and to elect members of the Regional People's Representative Council, as a means of realizing the sovereignty of the people and producing representatives of the people and a democratic state government based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The organizers of elections, as regulated in Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, are stated to be the Election Commission, the Election Supervisory Body, and the Council of Election Organizer Honor as a unified function of Election Organization. Doubts about the independence of the general election commission continue to be questioned by parties who dislike the results obtained; political narratives and cheating issues are always attached to the general election commission. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the General Election Commission as the organizer of elections in creating a Just and Fair Election (Direct, Free, and Secret). And how the role of the Election Supervisory Board in carrying out Supervision and Implementation of laws. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach, where data is based on survey results, document reviews, and observations. The results showed that the competence and independence of the General Election Organizers significantly influence the success of the election stages.

The 60th anniversary of the establishment of the Prof. Jan Miodonski scientific award

Introduction: The year 2024 marks the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the Prof. Jan Miodoński Scientific Award. Throughout the history of our Society, other awards have also been established, including an award founded by Dr. Jan Czarnecki in 1930, in 1961, an award to young doctors for the best work, and in 1972, a two-month scholarship for training in one of the socialist countries. Aim: The aim of the study was to present the genesis of the establishment of the scientific award named after Prof. Jan Miodoński. Material: In 1964, an initiative arose to establish a research scholarship (original name of the award) named after Prof. J. Miodoński. After Prof. J. Miodoński’s death, at the request of Prof. J. Iwaszkiewicz, the Society made a decision to lay a gravestone for the late professor, with the money remaining after laying the gravestone to be used for scientific scholarships. Pursuant to the resolution of the General Board of the Society, the first Prof. J. Miodoński Awards were given on January 21, 1967. Conclusions: Few medical societies can boast such a long-standing and prestigious award; to receive the Prof. Jan Miodoński Award is a great honor for young scientists.

Intervention of the General Board of the Administrative Justice Court in Higher Education Issues

Intervention of the General Board of the Administrative Justice Court in Higher Education Issues

Propaganda Narratives of the Polish Feminist Press on the Functioning of International Women’s Movement (1946–1949)

The Social and Civic Women’s League operated in communist Poland in the years 1945–1949. Its first official publication, Praca Kobiet, appeared in 1946. Periodicals were published by the Warsaw Regional Board of the association. The national magazine Nasza Praca, an organ of the General Board, reached the readers just before the start of 1947. The published texts provided information concerning the activity of international women’s movements and organizations such as the Women’s International Democratic Federation (WIDF). The cognitive values of such publications greatly varied. This was significantly influenced by the language journalists used to communicate (‘newspeak’), and the propaganda (non-substantive) choice of recorded and omitted facts. Their analysis, however, helped to reveal the mechanisms of the functioning (interaction) of leftist women’s movements on the international arena in the second half of the 1940s.

Mapping Oral health and Local Area Resources (MOLAR): protocol for a randomised controlled trial connecting emergency department patients with social and dental resources

IntroductionThere are substantial inequities in oral health access and outcomes in the USA, including by income and racial and ethnic identity. People with adverse social determinants of health (aSDoH), such...

Systemwandel und Systembrüche im Gesellschaftsrecht

Before identifying changes or disruptions of a system, we need to define the system. Stefan Grundmann’s research pioneered such systematic thinking in a European and international context. The rather abstract concept of “investor ownership”, common to corporations, includes attributions of ownership besides different or conflicting shareholder interests. “Shareholder primacy” is mostly a business judgment issue. Changes in corporate law increasingly introduce general social policy, e.g., gender quotas or CSR goals. Legislation is moving from disclosure to incentives to substantive regulation which sometimes disrupts the corporate legal system. The general board structures are not controversial but responsibilities are shifting towards compliance and risk management. Accountancy includes more management reports and disclosures beyond financial accounting. That also changes the role of audits and auditors. Group accounts gain in importance, sometimes beyond their reasonable function. A definite interference with systematic corporate thinking is an underdefined treatment of corporate groups as a homogenous entity. More careful calibration is needed here. Corporate law, commonalities in corporate law, investor ownership, corporate social responsibility, disclosure, regulation, compliance, accounting, corporate groups

Problematika Substansi Hukum Dalam Penegakan Hukum Pemilu

Election law enforcement is enforcing electoral justice through legal compliance. Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, has been present as an election law regulation with Gakkumdu as an election criminal enforcer, but there are still problems in its implementation. The purpose of this study was to determine how the Law enforcement mechanism for the use of government facilities in Jepara Regency and the obstacles in terms of the legal substance of handling violations of the use of government facilities in Gakkumdu Jepara. The research method uses empirical juridical which emphasizes research in the field. The research site was Bawaslu Jepara. Interviews and distribution of questionnaires are data collection techniques. Data analysis techniques using qualitative data analysis techniques. The results showed that the law enforcement mechanism for the use of government facilities in Jepara regency used the election law and technical regulations of the general election supervisory board regulations. There is an obstacle factor in terms of substance lies in proving that the executor and campaign team must be registered with the KPU while the facts in the field are not registered and the handling period is at least 14 days.

CLRM-10 ENHANCED PATIENT CARE FOR BRAIN METASTASIS PATIENTS UTILIZING A DEDICATED METASTASIS TUMOR BOARD

Abstract BACKGROUND Patients with brain metastases are a heterogeneous population. In contrast to patients with primary brain tumors, these patients require individualized therapy based on the type and status of systemic cancer, number and volume of brain metastases, anticipated efficacy of therapy and survival. Therapeutic options for brain metastasis; surgical, radiation and precision medicine approaches have increased in recent years as has survival for a number of cancers, leading to more sophisticated care. To meet this challenge in January 2023 we organized a dedicated brain metastasis tumor board. METHODS We reviewed the number of total patients, and those newly-diagnosed, presented at the dedicated brain metastasis board in the first 10 weeks of 2023 as compared with the same time interval the prior year where similar cases were presented at a general brain tumor board. We also assessed change in practice pattern based on the dedicated metastasis tumor board. RESULTS 89 patients were presented in the first 10 weeks of 2023, including 75 who were newly diagnosed. The total number and those newly diagnosed are 17% higher than the prior year. The dedicated brain metastasis board, staffed by experts in brain metastases, allowed for earlier identification of patients eligible for clinical trial and additionally our review of patients identified the need for standardizing advanced imaging techniques including high resolution, higher contrast-dose MRI scans for better assessment of brain metastases across our hospital sites. CONCLUSION We found that a dedicated brain metastasis board increased the number of patients presented for multidisciplinary review, including new patients, which served to better identify those eligible for clinical trial. It led to a consensus to incorporate advanced imaging techniques for assessing treatment response. The experience is superior to inclusion of these patients in a general brain tumor board.

Assessing current diagnostic, staging, and treatment practices in community and academic centers for individuals with stage IB-IIIA non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

e20608 Background: The five-year survival for individuals with surgically resected, early-stage NSCLC is around 50%. Recent availability of biomarker driven therapy after surgery has the promise of improved outcomes. However, deficits in the quality of diagnostic evaluation, evidence-based treatment delivery, care coordination, and biomarker testing are still barriers to optimal outcomes. Methods: In 2022, the Association of Community Cancer Centers (ACCC) conducted a survey of NSCLC providers to assess current patterns in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with early-stage (IB-IIIA) NSCLC. The survey, which was distributed to ACCC members and their associated networks, collected information about each respondent and their cancer program processes around diagnosis, treatment planning, and care delivery. We administered it Qualtrics and analyzed results with SAS 9.4. Results: We had 124 survey respondents from 33 US states. Respondents’ institutions were 60% urban, 23% suburban, and 17% rural, 53% community cancer programs, 37% academic/NCI designated cancer programs, 9% private practice. On average, initial tissue biopsy was performed by interventional radiologists in 29% of cases, interventional pulmonologist in 22%, and thoracic surgeons in 16%. In stage IIA-IIIA, on average 49% typically perform invasive mediastinal staging before surgery, 17% during surgery, and 18% do not typically perform invasive mediastinal staging. The most frequent barriers to optimal staging and diagnosis included scheduling (73%), cost (51%), tissue quality (46%), limited access to tests or procedures (42%), and missed appointments (36%). Multidisciplinary tumor board use included 31% with a general cancer tumor board, 50% with a thoracic specific tumor board, and 14% have a dedicated molecular tumor board. Tumor board meetings were weekly in 57%, 2-3 times a month in 22%, and once a month in 11%. 66% have a standard biomarker testing protocol for resected NSCLC. 51% typically order EGFR and 31% regularly order PDL1 testing for patients with resected NSCLC. The largest barriers to optimal care included: scheduling (23%), patient refusal (19%), communication breakdowns (17%), inadequate staffing (15%), and limited access to subspecialties (14%). 83% agree their center has the staff and resources to help patients navigating the health system. However, only 45% typically assign a nurse navigator to individuals with early-stage NSCLC. Palliative care service referrals were made sometimes or often in 48% of sites, while 51% refer rarely or never. Conclusions: In this broad sample of oncology practices across the US, we identified several strengths and barriers to optimal care for persons with early-stage NSCLC. Improved care coordination and standardized staging and diagnosis practices could optimize care in this dynamic treatment landscape.

The Last Mile Concept for the Bydgoszcz Logistics Hub

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to discuss the last mile concept for the proposed Bydgoszcz Logistics Hub in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie region, and thus to present the forecast distribution of goods within the last mile from and to the Hub, and to indicate the role that it could play in the region.Method: The development of the last mile concept for the Bydgoszcz Logistics Hub was based on secondary data. The first two stages of work, not discussed in this article, included case studies of 6 successfully operating foreign and domestic transhipment terminals and an analysis of the supply and demand for transport in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship. The third stage, the results of which are presented in this article, involved the identification of the most important national centres generating supply and demand for transport within a radius of 280 km from the Hub. Data, allowing to estimate the potential demand for the fright transport on the analysed routes and their costs depending on the mode of transport, came mainly from the Central Statistical Office, the Railway Transport Office, the General Board of National Roads, the National Bank of Poland and Port of Gdynia and Gdańsk Authorities.Results: The data show that in the period covered by the forecast (2019-2034), the most important change in the transport model of the Hub service area will be a significant increase in inland waterways transport of the Vistula River.Conclusions: The forecast operation of the last mile for the Bydgoszcz Logistics Hub justifies the reloading, storage and forwarding of goods in the area of the Bydgoszcz-Toruń agglomeration. The construction of the Bydgoszcz Logistic Hub will bring improvement to the already existing road links leading to the most important logistic centres, located, on the one hand, in the Tricity seaports, on the other hand, in large economic centres in Poznań, Łódź and Warsaw.Keywords: Baltic Sea Region, combine transport, logistics hub, last milePaper type: Research paper

Social bias in artificial intelligence algorithms designed to improve cardiovascular risk assessment relative to the Framingham Risk Score: a protocol for a systematic review

IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention relies on timely identification of and intervention for individuals at risk. Risk assessment models such as the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) have been shown to over-estimate...

Antibody Responses Against Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Lineages After the Fourth Dose of mRNA Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Antibody Responses Against Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Lineages After the Fourth Dose of mRNA Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients.