General Attitudes Research Articles

Perspectives and Awareness of Environmental Sustainability in the Infection Prevention and Control Community Nationally

Background: Healthcare contributes significantly to waste production and greenhouse gas emissions. This became especially apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet there is modest recognition of this issue, particularly within decision-making in Infection Prevention and Control (IPC). The aim of our study was to gauge general knowledge and attitudes of hospital epidemiologists (HEs) and infection preventionists (IPs) around the intersection of environmental sustainability and IPC, and to identify related institutional practices. Methods: An online survey, composed of ten questions related to environmental sustainability in IPC, was created and emailed to members of the SHEA Research Network (SRN), a national consortium of healthcare facilities collaborating on IPC research, from August - October 2023. Survey answers were collated via Redcap© and descriptive results were obtained. Results: Forty-two individuals (33 HEs, 7 directors of IPC, and 2 IPs) from unique institutions completed the survey. Thirty (71.4%) were from academic medical centers, 5 (11.9%) were from VA medical centers and 7 (16.7%) were from community hospitals. Over half of participants correctly estimated the amount of waste and carbon emissions produced annually by the US healthcare system (6 million tons and 8.5% of national emissions, respectively). However, only 42.9% considered environmental sustainability concerns important or very important when making IPC decisions. Fifteen (34.9%) had an environmental sustainability committee at their institution and of these, 8 had an established relationship with the IPC department. The most common techniques to promote sustainability amongst institutions were water/energy conservation (59.5%), reusable personal protective equipment (52.4%) and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification (47.6%). When asked which efforts they would support at their institution, 28.6% would eliminate the use of single-use endoscopes and one third would avoid use of ethylene oxide for sterilization. In deciding whether to support environmental sustainability measures, key considerations participants articulated were patient safety concerns, knowledge about effectiveness and costs, and administrative support. Conclusion: Although there is growing awareness around the contribution of the healthcare industry to carbon emissions and waste production, IPC professionals have not yet universally adopted measures to promote environmental sustainability. In our survey, many participants acknowledged the importance of balancing patient safety and sustainability concerns. Our study demonstrates the need for more research and education to inform decisions around environmentally sustainable efforts in IPC that also preserve patient safety. Additionally, professional and regulatory bodies must acknowledge and promote the importance of environmental sustainability in IPC decision-making.

Differences between human and artificial/augmented intelligence in medicine

The emphasis on artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly increasing across many diverse aspects of society. This manuscript discusses some of the key topics related to the expansion of AI. These include a comparison of the unique cognitive capabilities of human intelligence with AI, and the potential risks of using AI in clinical medicine. The general public attitudes towards AI are also discussed, including patient perspectives. As the promotion of AI in high-risk situations such as clinical medicine expands, the limitations, risks and benefits of AI need to be better understood.

The Structure of Individualized and Generalized Political Trust: A Network Analysis of Data from Two Representative-Sample Studies

This study examined the relationship between generalized (trust in the political system) and individualized (trust in a specific political actor) political trust in two surveys with representative samples from Latvia (total N = 2,001). The results of a regularized partial correlation network analysis of the data from both surveys revealed that variables associated with each level of trust formed separate clusters, which were virtually unrelated in Study 1, and moderately related in Study 2. Across both datasets, political cynicism was the only variable robustly (negatively) related to both levels of trust. External political efficacy was strongly related to generalized political trust, whereas internal political efficacy was unrelated to either level of political trust. Generalized interpersonal trust was only weakly related to generalized political trust and was unrelated to individualized political trust. The findings show that trust in the political system and trust in specific political actors form separate, although related, network structures and are likely determined by a different set of variables, representing different kinds of psychological reasoning. Generalized political trust can be seen as part of a general attitude towards one’s country, whereas individualized trust is based on more situational factors and shaped through the mechanisms of person perception and group perception.

Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence and Tech Anxiety Among Working Professionals in Metropolitan Cities

Our attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) and our worries about technology are more relevant than ever in the modern world. Professionals in urban areas are at the forefront of the technological transition as AI technologies are progressively incorporated into various facets of professional life, from AIdriven decision-making tools to automated processes. This study investigated the relationship between attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Tech Anxiety among urban millennials. A quantitative research method was employed, utilizing the General Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence Scale and the Attitude to Abbreviated Technology Anxiety Scale. A sample of 150 responses, predominantly from IT professionals and educators in metropolitan areas, was collected and analyzed. The findings revealed that there was no significant relationship between positive and negative attitudes towards AI and Tech Anxiety among urban millennials. Additionally, no significant differences were found in attitudes towards AI and Tech Anxiety based on profession and age. An interesting observation was made regarding age groups within the urban millennial demographic. While there was no significant difference in attitudes towards AI and Tech Anxiety between younger (25 to 30 years old) and older (31 to 35 years old) participants, it was noted that Tech Anxiety levels were slightly higher among individuals aged between 31 to 35 than 25-30.

Eco-endorsement dynamics: unraveling the influence of celebrity attitudes on eco-product perceptions and purchase decisions

PurposeThis research delved into the intricate dynamics between celebrity endorsements and consumer behavior focusing on eco-friendly wine product. This study aims to understand the relationship between attitudes toward the celebrity endorser (CATT), perception of wine as eco-friendly (PECO), overall positive attitude toward the product (PATT) and the intention to purchase (PINT).Design/methodology/approachThe present study relies on a large sample of 478 US citizens. Mediation moderation analysis is adopted for data analysis.FindingsThe findings revealed a full mediation effect where the influence of CATT on PINT is primarily through PECO and PATT. This suggests that the celebrity's endorsement indirectly affects purchase intention by first influencing perceptions of the product's eco-friendliness and the overall product attitude. Notably, perceiving wine as eco-friendly leads to a favorable product attitude, subsequently enhancing purchase intentions. While CATT significantly impacts both PECO and PATT, its effect is more potent on PATT, emphasizing that the celebrity's overall image might align more closely with the general product attitude than specific attributes like eco-friendliness.Originality/valueRecognizing the complex landscape of the wine market, the research emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive marketing strategies that consider both the direct and mediated impacts of celebrity endorsements. The findings offer a foundational framework for understanding the nuanced interplay of celebrity endorsement, product perception and purchase intention in the context of the wine market.

The Grammar of Emotion Verbs in the Qurʾān: A Case Study of the verb xāfa

Abstract The concept of emotions has been studied from numerous perspectives in psychology, the history of emotions and religion. This study sheds light on the linguistic devices implemented to articulate emotions in the Qurʾān by taking the emotion verb xāfa ‘to fear’ or ‘to be afraid’ (and its derivatives) as a case study. In both modern and classical dictionaries of the Arabic language as well as in Quranic exegesis, the verb xāfa is often replaced by another verb that expresses fear such as xašiya ‘to be afraid’ or ‘to be in awe’. Here it is shown that the verb xāfa occurs in certain syntactic structures and has specific meanings that are not denoted by other verbs expressing fear in the Qurʾān. Specifically, when the verb xāfa is followed by a subordinate clause that starts with the particle ‘an, it can be rendered as ‘to fear’ or ‘to be afraid’ since the cause of this fear is a probable event. When the verb xāfa is followed by the preposition ‘alā it denotes ‘to fear for [the wellbeing of] someone (e.g., a family member)’ because of a situation in which they are likely to be found. When it is followed by the noun rabb ‘Lord’ or Allāh ‘God’, the verb refers to ‘fear of God’, where fear of His punishment motivates the people to worship Him. When the verbal noun xawf has no object and is used in conjunction with the verbal noun ‘amn (‘security’) it can be interpreted as ‘insecurity about something’. Because the verb xāfa is central to the religious concept of fear of God, it is used in the Qurʾān to express a general and collective attitude of fear or awe. However, xāfa is also used to express individual experiences of fright at specific times or places.

Awareness, Attitude, and Perception of Postgraduate Students towards Plagiarism

Objective. To examine the level of awareness, attitude, and perception towards Plagiarism amongst postgraduate students of Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University, Jind- Haryana. Method. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to 150 postgraduate university students. The sample of students was mixed irrespective of disciplines including science, humanities, and social sciences. Results. The present study results show a lack of awareness among postgraduate students about plagiarism and its consequences in India. As of now, it is a cognizable offence and the study results reveal the general attitude prevailing among the Indian postgraduate students about plagiarism. Conclusions. In the present study, we have addressed many important issues. The University Grants Commission, the apex authority of higher education in India, and the individual universities have to come together to develop a mechanism to create awareness among postgraduate students about plagiarism, its consequences, and remedies. This awareness drive has to be periodic in nature and success can be achieved by delivering awareness among the postgraduate students in particular and students of higher education in general.

Comparative evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and hesitancies related to four different types of vaccines: Smallpox, influenza, tetanus versus Covid-19 vaccines

Background and Purpose: The Covid-19 pandemic has brought the anti-vaccination problem back to the agenda. In this study, knowledge, attitudes and hesitancies related to four different types of well-publicized vaccines (smallpox, influenza, tetanus vs Covid-19) were comparatively evaluated to provide a unique understanding of vaccine hesitancy in general and distinctively for Covid-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted face-to-face among the university students. A 26-item questionnaire was designed to collect the data. The survey covered demographics and vaccine-related sections for each of four vaccines. Vaccine knowledge, attitudes/perceptions related to vaccine hesitancy were questioned in 4 sub-sections to receive participants answers for each vaccine. Obtained data were analyzed by biostatistical methods. Results: Covid-19 PCR positivity rate was 38.2% among the participants during study. General knowledge level score mean was 31.63/48 (65.89%) among the participants. General correct attitude score towards all vaccines mean was 70.78/104 (68.06%) among the participants. Participants have responded significantly different answers to Covid-19 vaccines in 14 of 22 questions/statements. New types of vaccines, logistics of these vaccines and severe side effects of vaccines were the parameters perceived significantly different for Covid-19 vaccines among others. Conclusion: Our comparative analyzes have revealed that there are different points particularly for Covid-19 among others in the vaccine opposition seen in the Covid-19 pandemic.

What do medical students think of own participation as subjects in clinical trials?

Testing of new drugs through clinical trials is essential in efforts to increase generalizable knowledge. Little is known about the medical students' perception of their participation as research subjects in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to examine the willingness and attitudes of medical students towards participation as volunteer subjects in clinical trials. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 297 medical students in years 4, 5 and 6 at the University of Belgrade, from October to December 2023. Participants completed a pen-and-paper questionnaire including demographic characteristics, opinions on their participation in clinical trials, and attitudes towards clinical trials in general. The validity of the attitude scale was verified. One in five medical students expressed a positive opinion about their participation in clinical trials, with the majority (about one-half)remaining undecided. General attitudes of students about research and their participation were positive. Students with prior blood donation experience were more willing to participate. Lower socioeconomic status and volunteering experience were also associated with stronger positive attitudes towards clinical trials in general. Most students were undecided about their participation, but their attitudes towards clinical trials in general were positive. Positive attitudes towards clinical trials did not uniformly translate to the willingness for personal participation. Promotion of blood donation and volunteering at universities could help to increase the interest in clinical trials as volunteer subjects.

Research note: Family structure and attitudes toward filial obligations among younger and middle-aged adults

Objective: The study investigates the association between family structures and general attitudes toward adult children’s responsibilities to care for older parents. Background: Despite remarkable changes in family structures in recent decades (e.g., the increasing share of stepfamilies), only a few studies have explored the association between family structures and perceived filial obligations. This study seeks to fill this gap. Method: Using data from the German Family Panel (pairfam) (N = 8,709) collected from younger and middle-aged Germans, the study examined general attitudes toward adult children’s responsibilities to support parents in need. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association between family structure (i.e., respondents without parents and with biological and/or stepparents) and perceived filial obligation. Results: Respondents with stepparents were less likely to support the idea of filial obligations compared to those without stepparents. In contrast, respondents without living biological parents were more inclined to agree with filial obligations than individuals with living biological parents. Moreover, filial obligations found stronger agreement among males than females and among the younger age cohort compared to older cohorts, regardless of family structure. Conclusion: The findings highlight how the complexity of the family structures in contemporary society shapes perceived filial obligations.

Pediatric Urologists' Views on the U.S. News & World Report Rankings.

Our goal was to understand the general attitudes of pediatric urologists regarding the U.S. News & World Report rankings for Best Children's Hospitals in Urology. We performed a cross-sectional survey study distributed via email to active and candidate members of the Societies for Pediatric Urology from October 2022 to December 2022. This anonymous survey was iteratively developed to contain multiple choice questions gathering information on demographics, personal interaction with the rankings system, and about attitudes toward the rankings across various domains. Of the 515 members surveyed, 264 pediatric urologists responded to the survey for a response rate of 51%. There was representation from all sections of the AUA and across all age categories and practice models. Overall, of the respondents, 71% disagreed that the rankings had led to improvements in care and 75% disagreed that programs were reporting their data honestly. Additionally, 71% believed the rankings are inaccurate in reflecting patient outcomes. The majority (86%) of respondents stated they would support organized efforts to withdraw from the rankings. This was significantly different by ranking cohort, with 78% from top 10 programs endorsing withdrawal vs 89% from those programs not in the top 10. Our survey found that most pediatric urologists would support efforts to withdraw from participating in the rankings and believe that programs are dishonest in reporting their data. The majority also do not believe a survey can adequately distinguish between programs. This highlights a clear need for a critical reevaluation of the rankings.

Do dependents matter? Exploring multiple dimensions of attitudes toward immigration and immigrants

ABSTRACT Most extant research on natives’ attitudes toward immigration and immigrants (ATII) pays scant attention to the explanandum: predictors are widely assumed to apply across attitudinal facets regardless of how the dependent was defined and operationalized. This paper employs a sequence of factor and regression analyses to explore the dimensional structure of ATII in Spain, based on survey data collected in 2020 (N = 2,344). The most parsimonious factor solution for our dataset’s broad basket of attitude gauges distinguishes impact assessments and migration policy preferences (‘attitudes toward immigration’) neatly from sentiment toward various immigrant groups (‘attitudes toward immigrants’); the ensuing latent variables correlate with differentiated sets of predictors. Predictors based on extant theorizing prove highly pertinent for immigration attitudes, but contribute less to explaining anti-immigrant sentiment. In a more fine-grained factor solution, conceptually coherent ramifications emerge within both of these main dimensions; again, the more nuanced attitude components are associated with differentiated predictor profiles. These findings caution against the widely held notion that any sentiment or appraisal regarding international migration and migrants expresses a general attitude in this realm, instead encouraging researchers to acknowledge the complexity of ATII and pursue facet-specific explanations.

Formal long-term care, individualisation and filial responsibility: a multi-level analysis of 21 European countries

PurposeDue to the rapid ageing of the continent's population, a significant surge in long-term care expenses for the elderly is expected across Europe in the coming years. Could a potential solution to this challenge involve the increased informal care provided by adult children? In this context, we examined a general view or moral duty of European citizens regarding whether adult children should assume responsibility for providing long-term care to the elderly.Design/methodology/approachOur multilevel analysis draws on individual-level data from the 2017 European Value Study and country-level data from various European sources encompassing participants from 21 member countries of the European Union.FindingsThe findings reveal that in nations where public long-term care services are sufficiently available and of superior quality, there is a negative sentiment towards the notion that adult children should bear the responsibility for elderly care. In total, 71% of the country-level variance in our dependent variable was explained by the availability and quality of formal long-term care in a country. Furthermore, various individual-level attributes contribute to shaping attitudes towards care-giving responsibility. We observed that women, middle-aged individuals, those without religious affiliations, those with modern gender role attitudes and non-immigrants tended to hold unfavourable attitudes towards the responsibility of adult children in long-term care provision.Originality/valueThere are relatively many studies on the general attitude of the population towards filial obligation. However, so far there have been very few studies available that examine the population's attitude towards the obligation of adult children to commit to their parents' long-term care. Our research explains the variation of the phenomenon in Europe with both country-level and individual-level factors.

Assessing the assessments: toward a multidimensional approach to AI literacy

This scoping review explores the field of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy, focusing on the tools available for evaluating individuals’ self-perception of their AI literacy. In an era where AI technologies increasingly infiltrate various aspect of daily life, from healthcare diagnostics to personalized digital platforms, the need for a comprehensive understanding of AI literacy has never been more critical. This literacy extends beyond mere technical competence to include ethical considerations, critical thinking, and socio-emotional skills, reflecting the complex interplay between AI technologies and societal norms. The review synthesizes findings from diverse studies, highlighting the development and validation processes of several key instruments designed to measure AI literacy across different dimensions. These tools – ranging from the Artificial Intelligence Literacy Questionnaire (AILQ) to the General Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS) – embody the nature of AI literacy, encompassing affective, behavioral, cognitive, and ethical components. Each instrument offers unique insights into how individuals perceive their abilities to understand, engage with, and ethically apply AI technologies. By examining these assessment tools, the review sheds light on the current landscape of AI literacy measurement, underscoring the importance of self-perception in educational strategies, personal growth, and ethical decision-making. The findings suggest a critical need for educational interventions and policy formulations that address the gaps between perceived and actual AI literacy, promoting a more inclusive, critically aware, and competent engagement with AI technologies.

The role of the environment: how mask wearing varies across different activities

BackgroundPeople’s decisions to engage in protective health behaviors, such as mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic, are influenced by environmental and social contexts. Previous research on mask wearing used a single question about general mask usage in public, which may not reflect actual behavior in every setting. The likelihood of wearing a mask during one activity is also related to the likelihood of wearing a mask in another or avoiding an activity entirely. This analysis compared responses between a general question and activity-specific questions and identified patterns of mask-wearing behavior across activities.MethodsOnline, opt-in, cross-sectional surveys were conducted every 2 months from November 2020 to May 2021 (n = 2508), with quota sampling and weighting to achieve a representative sample of the U.S.population. Respondents were asked how frequently they wore a mask in public and during 12 specific activities including: on public transportation, while shopping, and attending social gatherings indoors and outdoors. Spearman’s rank order correlation was used to compare the frequency of mask wearing reported using a general question versus an activity specific question. Additionally, a latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of mask wearing behavior across activities.ResultsThere was little to no correlation (r = .16–0.33) between respondents’ general attitudes towards mask wearing and their reported frequency of mask wearing in different activities. Latent class analysis identified six distinct groups based on their mask wearing behaviors and avoidance of certain activities. The largest group (29%) avoided ten of the twelve activities and always wore a mask during activities that could not be avoided. Additional groups included those who avoided most activities but made exceptions when around friends or family (20%), part time mask wearers (18%), and never mask wearers (6%).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that activity-specific questions provide more accurate and useful information than a single general question. Specific, context based, questions allow for analyses that consider the nuances of people’s decision-making regarding engaging in protective health behaviors, such as mask wearing, thus enabling public health professionals to create targeted guidelines and messages.

Personality Aspects and Attitudes About Animal Welfare Legislation

ABSTRACT The US Supreme Court recently debated and upheld a significant piece of farmed animal welfare legislation, Proposition 12, which was broadly supported by Californian voters. The goal of this study was to determine how individual differences in personality are related to attitudes about this legislation. We examined how ten lower-order aspects of the Big Five personality traits were related to Proposition 12 in an American sample (n = 802). The Openness aspect of Openness to Experience, the Withdrawal aspect of Neuroticism, and trait domain Agreeableness were consistently related to support for Proposition 12. Effects were not moderated by political orientation, region, gender, or age. Our results show that personality traits are not only an important factor in general political attitudes about animal welfare, but that they can predict people’s attitudes about particular pieces of animal welfare legislation. Results also highlight the importance of considering lower-order aspects for predicting animal welfare attitudes.

Towards Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Surveying Dentists' and Orthodontists' Perspectives on Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders and Therapy.

Children with malocclusion, combined with orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMDs), show increased risk of developing orthodontic problems and needs later in life. Speech-language therapists typically provide orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) after referral by dentists, orthodontists or ENT specialists. Interdisciplinary treatment is often advisable to prevent relapse after orthodontic treatment. OMDs and OMT are often found to be controversial topics by dentistry professionals. This study aimed to investigate self-reported knowledge and attitudes of Flemish dentists and orthodontists towards OMDs and OMT. A survey containing 32 items on demographics, self-reported knowledge of OMDs and OMT, attitudes towards OMDs, OMT, and its use in clinical practice, and referral behaviour was filled out by 48 general dentists (48/79, 61%) and 31 orthodontists (31/79, 39%). The impact of specialization, degree of experience and educational programme was also evaluated. Fifty-six percent of all participants (44/79) reported insufficient to non-existent knowledge of OMT. Nevertheless, the general attitude towards the use of OMT was neutral (47%, 37/79) to (very) positive (48%, 38/79). Although they found correct, evidence-based knowledge on OMDs and OMT important, the majority indicated their formal training did not provide adequate information on OMDs (52%, 41/79) and OMT (62%, 49/79). Specialization showed significant effects, as orthodontists reported themselves knowledgeable on this topic significantly more often than general dentists (p < 0.001), and generally reported a more positive stance towards OMT (p = 0.022). Dentists and orthodontists indicated a general interest in the topic of OMDs and OMT, alongside an overall lack of information provided by formal education. Current findings suggest the necessity of re-evaluating current curricula on OMDs and OMT.

The leading role of personality in concerns about autonomous vehicles.

Development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is growing in a rapid rate, however, the most dominant barriers in their adoption seem to be rather psychological than technical. The present online survey study aimed to investigate which demographical and personality dimensions predict attitudes towards AVs on a Hungarian sample (N = 328). Data was collected by convenience and snowball sampling. Three-level hierarchical regression models were applied: in the first level, demographical variables, then general personality traits and third, attitude-like personality factors were entered. We demonstrated that the predictive effect of age, gender and education disappeared when personality dimensions were included into the models. Importantly, more positive general attitudes towards technology and higher optimism regarding innovations predicted eagerness to adopt AVs. On the other hand, individuals with more negative attitudes and higher dependence on technology as well as those with lower level of Sensory Sensation Seeking and higher level of Conscientiousness were more concerned about AVs. Our results suggest that AV acceptance cannot be regarded as a one-dimensional construct and that certain personality traits might be stronger predictors of AV acceptance than demographical factors.

Alabama community pharmacists’ knowledge and perceptions regarding fentanyl test strips: A cross-sectional survey

BackgroundFentanyl test strips (FTS) are used to detect the presence of fentanyl in other substances, but Alabama pharmacists’ opinions regarding FTS provision are unknown. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and perceptions of Alabama pharmacists regarding FTS and factors influencing pharmacists’ FTS provision intentions across community pharmacy locations and types. MethodsAn anonymous cross-sectional survey was distributed via email to Alabama pharmacists employed in community (retail) pharmacies. The survey consisted of multiple-choice questions and 5-point Likert-type scales (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree) informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior. Primary outcome measures included: knowledge; general attitudes; perceived benefits; perceived barriers; self-efficacy; subjective norms; perceived behavioral control (PBC); and intention regarding FTS provision. Outcomes were characterized using descriptive statistics and differences in scales scores across pharmacy locations (rural vs. urban) and types (corporately-vs. independently-owned) were assessed using Mann-Whitney U tests. Predictors of FTS provision intentions were evaluated using multiple linear regression (alpha=0.05). ResultsRespondents (N = 131; 3.82% response rate) were mostly female (64%) and Caucasian (92%). No respondents stocked FTS at their pharmacy and knowledge about FTS was low (mean[SD] knowledge score: 58.7% [15.1]). Despite the existence of perceived barriers (mean [SD] scale score: 3.2 [0.6]), pharmacists’ general attitudes (3.4 [0.5]), perceived benefits (3.7 [0.6]), self-efficacy (3.1 [0.8]), and intentions (3.2[0.7]) were positive. While subjective norms were positive (3.5[0.6]), PBC over FTS decision-making was negative (2.7[0.8]). Subjective norms were higher (P = 0.040) and PBC was lower (P < 0.001) amongst corporately-versus independently-owned pharmacies, but no differences existed between rural and urban locations for any measures. Additionally, perceived benefits (β=0.342, P = 0.002), PBC (β = 0.133, P = 0.045), and self-efficacy (β = 0.142, P = 0.034) were positive predictors and perceived barriers (β = −0.211, P = 0.029) was a negative predictor of intention. ConclusionAlabama community pharmacists have positive attitudes regarding FTS, but future research should focus on strategies to increase PBC and overcome perceived barriers.

When medical assistance in dying is not a last resort option: survey of the Canadian public

ObjectivesWhat are the Canadian public’s understanding of and views toward medical assistance in dying (MAID) in persons refusing recommended treatment or lacking access to standard treatment or resources?Design/settingAn online survey...