Kaiyujiangzhuo formula alleviates glycolipid metabolic disorders by improving arginine metabolism and inhibiting the ERK-mediated PPARγ-Ser273 phosphorylation.

Microbial community divergence and environmental responses across multi-phase landfill environments.

Introduction: Candida auris has drawn more clinical attention due to its multidrug resistance. More than 90% of C. auris isolates are known to be resistant to all the antifungal drugs. Conventionally, the identification of C. auris has not been described precisely yet but one such ability of this yeast is that they can grow at an elevated temperature and fail to grow in the presence of cycloheximide and in automated approaches like VITEK 2, Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/ionisation Timeof-flight (MALDI-TOF), Analytical Profile Index 20C AUX yeast (APIC20C-AUX) they can be misidentified as other species, which can lead to errors in the choice of antifungals. Aim: To standardise a simple in-house semi-nested colony Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for accurate identification of C. auris. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology at Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, India, from March 2017 to February 2018. All the Candida isolates obtained from blood samples over a period of one year were considered for this study. All the isolates underwent conventional phenotypic identification, such as microscopy, sub-culturing on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) with antibiotics and chromogenic medium and carbohydrate fermentation. Further genotypic identification was performed for all the isolates. Polymerase Chain Reaction– Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was initially performed, and the isolates that were unidentified by this method were sent for gene sequencing. C. auris-specific primers were designed manually. A semi-nested colony PCR was performed using the self-designed primers for all the isolates. Results: A total of 87 Candida sp. were isolated and considered for this study. Phenotypic and genotypic identification was performed for the isolates. In the study, it was observed that C. auris was misidentified by commonly used phenotypic methods as Candida haemulonii and Candida parapsilosis and hence, further PCR-RFLP was performed to confirm the species. The isolates that still couldn’t be identified by PCR-RFLP were sent for gene sequencing. All the isolates were subjected to C. auris-specific semi-nested PCR for identification. A 22 (25.3%) out of the 87 isolates produced amplicons of size 400 bp. The rest 65 (74.7%) isolates did not produce bands. All 22 isolates that produced bands were confirmed as C. auris by gene sequencing. Conclusion: To conclude, an in-house, semi-nested colony PCR (2-hour) method for differentiating C. auris from Candida haemulonii was standardised. This method not only differentiates C. auris from Candida haemulonii but also other Candida species. This test will be useful in the early identification of C. auris in any microbiological laboratory set-up.

Development of a one-pot RT-RAA/CRISPR-Cas13a assay for rapid genotyping of Nipah virus in pigs.

Lymphoma constitutes 24% of canine neoplastic diseases and 85% of haematopoietic tumours, with B-cell subtypes accounting for 60%-80% of cases. As the most prevalent spontaneous tumour in canines, this disease model holds significant translational value for human non-Hodgkin lymphoma research. To address diagnostic limitations in canine B-cell lymphoma, we developed a canine-specific CD19 monoclonal antibody (HAC19.1) with high affinity and established a dual-platform detection system compatible with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, a novel CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene sequence (HUA-1) was engineered and successfully transduced into Jurkat cells via lentiviral vectors, confirming stable CAR membrane expression. This breakthrough provides critical technical groundwork for advancing autologous CAR-T cell therapy in canines.

Molecular evidence of prolonged shedding of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in the semen of naturally infected cattle bulls.

This study identifies and characterizes the novel compound heterozygous mutations in the KNG1 gene responsible for severe high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) deficiency in a 3-year-old Chinese boy. The proband was identified during preoperative screening due to an isolated, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) without bleeding symptoms. Coagulation profiles, including thromboelastography (TEG), were analyzed. HMWK antigen (HMWK:Ag) levels were quantified by ELISA. Genetic analysis was performed using whole-exome and Sanger sequencing of the KNG1 gene in the proband and his parents. The pathogenicity of the novel variant was assessed according to ACMG/AMP guidelines. Coagulation tests revealed a significantly prolonged APTT and a delayed R time on TEG, which was not corrected with extended incubation. HMWK:Ag levels were severely reduced (1.7 μg/ml) in the proband. Genetic analysis identified compound heterozygous mutations in KNG1: a novel missense variant in exon 5 (c.611C>T, p.Thr204Met) and a known nonsense variant in exon 6 (c.718C>T, p.Arg240*). Bioinformatic tools predicted the p.Thr204Met variant to be deleterious, and it was classified as "Likely Pathogenic." The mutations were inherited in trans, confirming the genetic basis of the HMWK deficiency. We report a novel compound heterozygous mutation (c.611C>T and c.718C>T) in the KNG1 gene causing severe HMWK deficiency. This case expands the mutational spectrum of this ultra-rare disorder and highlights that its primary clinical significance is an isolated APTT prolongation without a bleeding diathesis. Genetic diagnosis is crucial to avoid unnecessary treatments, surgical delays, and exposure to blood products in such patients.

This study investigates the gut flora of the red-necked wallaby (Notamacropus rufogriseus rufogriseus) and the Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii) in the small city of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Faecal samples were collected from greenspaces across the Greater Hobart region. These greenspaces were chosen in areas with different human population densities. DNA was extracted from these samples, and targeted sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene was performed to understand the bacterial community. Our results showed that despite the many shared ecological traits between the two species, their gut microbiome displayed different responses to urban living. Alpha and beta diversity were significantly different across the urban gradient for Bennett's wallaby, but not for Tasmanian pademelon. Relative composition for both species was different across the urbanisation gradient. Some bacterial taxa associated with nutrient processing showed the clearest changes. The conclusion of this research is that living in cities can affect the gut microbiome of these two marsupial herbivores. More studies are needed to determine whether this has implications for the health of these species.

Molecular characterization of Anaplasmataceae in Turkmen horses (Akhal-Teke breed) and ticks in racetracks, Iran.

Sleeping with the enemy II: Expanding the ecological, molecular, and epidemiological knowledge of the tropical fowl mite, Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888).

H3-3A gene mutation analysis in giant cell tumor of bone and its histologic mimics: A single institutional study from India.

Rapid detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and its associated mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region.

16S rRNA gene-based genetic diversity of Wolbachia strains infecting Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles coluzzii in Côte d'Ivoire.

Emergent insights on the spread of antifungal-resistant Trichophyton indotineae dermatophyte: Clonal expansion, adaptability dynamics and human-animal host adaptation.

Disseminated infection caused by Mycobacterium sherrisii in an HIV-negative patient from China: A case report and literature review.

Identification of the polyphenols from Lonicera flos-Lonicera Caulis compatibility in gut content and their implication in ameliorating gouty arthritis.

Okinawa- miki is a traditional, porridge-like fermented beverage produced in Okinawa, Japan. Although it is recognised as being spontaneously fermented by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), its microbial properties remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, 15 samples were collected from five different manufacturing factories. These included nine products saccharified with dry germinated wheat (GW), two with barley koji (BK: malted with Aspergillus oryzae ), and four using rice soaking water (RW). Physicochemical properties, including water content, %Brix, viscosity, pH, and lactate concentration, were measured. Viable counts of LAB, catalase-positive bacteria, and yeast were also determined. Bacterial microbiota was analysed using 16S rDNA (V3–V4) amplicon sequencing, while typical LAB and yeast isolates were identified via 16S and 26S rRNA gene sequencing. Viable counts of LAB, catalase-positive bacteria, and yeast ranged from ND–9.1 log CFU/g, 4.9–8.9 log CFU/g, and ND–7.3 log CFU/g, respectively. Amplicon sequencing revealed that Leuconostoc predominated in GW- and RW- miki , whereas Weissella was dominant in BK- and RW- miki , with profiles varying over storage time. Enterococcus was also dominant in RW- miki samples. Regardless of saccharification method or natural starter used, Bacillus was one of the dominant genera in 10 of the samples. The genera Enterobacter and Kosaconia , both wheat seed endophytes, dominated GW- miki from specific factories, while Pantoea , another endophyte, was dominant in GW- miki during early fermentation. Among 12 LAB isolates, four were identified as Leuconostoc lactis , and among eight yeast isolates, three were Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Further studies are needed to clarify the functional roles of these indigenous microbes. • Okinawa- miki is made from germinated wheat (GW), berley koji (BK), or soaked rice (RW). • Leuconostoc dominated GW- and RW-miki, whereas Weissella dominated BK- miki . • ASVs of Bacillus spp. were varied by saccharification material. • The wheat seed endophytes Enterobacter, Kosaconia, and Pantoea were abundant in the GW- miki . • The isolates Ln. lactis and S. cerevisiae require further safety and function checks.

Virulence, genomic features, and antimicrobial resistance of a highly virulent Streptococcus iniae ST4 from diseased yellow catfish.

Age-related changes in the urinary microbiome of healthy Japanese children.

A reproducible workflow is presented that integrates fruit‑health stratification, stringent surface sterilization, culture‑based isolation, molecular identification, enzyme phenotyping, and a low‑injury needle‑transfer pathogenicity assay to isolate, classify and functionally characterize bacterial endophytes, saprophytic colonizers and pathogens associated with postharvest tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. The method is designed to distinguish ecological guilds (endophytes vs soft‑rot pathogens vs saprophytes) rather than simply list "bacteria present", and can be implemented in standard microbiology laboratories without specialized equipment. Tomato fruits were stratified by fruit-health status and surface‑sterilized to distinguish internal endophytes from epiphytic and saprophytic surface‑associated communities. All bacterial isolates were cultured on tryptone soya agar, purified, assigned to an ecological niche (healthy or spoiled/diseased fruits), and tested for in planta pathogenicity on tomato fruits. All the isolates were identified using biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, while preliminary phenotypic screening was used to quantify cell wall‑degrading activities relevant to soft‑rot. The workflow yielded 14 characterized bacterial isolates spanning three ecological groups (non‑pathogenic endophytic Bacillus species, soft‑rot‑inducing Enterobacterales, and saprophytic colonizers), with ecological niche separation statistically supported by Fisher's exact test (p < 0.001). The method can be adapted to other fruit or vegetable systems to link bacterial community composition with plant health outcomes.•Provides a low-injury and contamination-reduced approach for fruit pathogenicity assays based on a needle‑transfer inoculation technique adapted for routine microbiology laboratories.•Enables the functional differentiation of endophytic, saprophytic, and pathogenic bacterial isolates relevant to fruits and vegetables through combined ecological sources, in planta pathogenicity, and enzyme phenotyping.•The approach is adaptable to multiple fruit and vegetable host crops in a resource-limited and efficient laboratory setting.