ITS Gene Regions Research Articles

Chrysoporthe puriensis sp. nov. from Tibouchina spp. in Brazil: an emerging threat to Eucalyptus

The discovery of Cryphonectriaceae and more specifically species related to the Eucalyptus canker pathogen Chrysoporthe cubensis on shrubs and trees in the Melastomataceae, has deepened our understanding of relevant, and potentially globally threatening tree pathogens. Recent isolations of Cryphonectriaceae associated with cankers on Tibouchina spp. in Brazil gave rise to an apparently undescribed species of Chrysoporthe associated with stem and branch cankers that lead to tree death. Cultures of this fungus were subjected to phylogenetic studies based on sequences for the ITS and β-tubulin gene regions. These analyses revealed a novel taxon that is described here as Chrysoporthe puriensis sp. nov., having both sexual and asexual states. Pathogenicity tests on two species of Tibouchina (T. granulosa, T. heteromalla) and hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla showed that Chr. puriensis can infect and cause disease on all of these trees. It is clearly not only damaging on native Tibouchina spp. where environmental conditions are conducive to disease development, but also potentially threatening to non-native Eucalyptus spp., which form the basis of a major plantation forest industry.

<p><strong><em>Phlebia nigrodontea sp. nov</em></strong><strong>.</strong><em> </em><strong>in Meruliaceae (Polyporales) with a black hymenial surface</strong></p>

A new wood-inhabiting fungus, Phlebia nigrodontea, is proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. The species is characterized by a grandinioid hymenophore with vinaceous brown to black colour, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid, colourless, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores (3.9–4.9 × 2.3–3.1 µm). Sequences of ITS and LSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses carried out using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses based on the molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that P. nigrodontea nested within the phlebioid clade. A further investigation of more representative taxa from Phlebia, based on ITS+nLSU sequences, demonstrated that the species P. nigrodontea formed a monophyletic lineage with strong support (100% BS, 100% BT, 1.00 BPP) and closely grouped with P. chrysocreas.

Investigation of Anisakis larvae in different products of ready-to-eat fish meat and imported frozen fish in Turkey

Globalization opens new market areas and affects food consumption habits, resulting in rapid and remarkable cultural change. Food habits such as consumption of raw fish meat have become popular, resulting in increased risk of emerging infectious diseases. Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s.s) and A. pegreffii are the most common and important fish-borne zoonotic nematodes responsible for human anisakiasis, which occurs through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish as well as cooked fish due to their heat-stable allergens. Here, we investigated the prevalence, intensity, and abundance of Anisakis larvae in imported fish and ready-to-eat local fish products in Turkey. A total of 205 ready-to-eat fish products, 100 imported frozen Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fillets, and 100 imported frozen whole Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) were sampled from supermarkets, sushi restaurants, and fish markets. All samples were individually examined using a pepsin digestion technique. In total, 602 Anisakis type I larvae were recovered from 98/100 mackerel. No larvae were found in ready-to-eat products or frozen Atlantic salmon fillets. Overall, 8.8% of the larvae were found in the muscle tissue. The overall mean intensity and abundance of infection in mackerel were 6.14 and 6.02, respectively. The larvae were molecularly identified and their phylogenetic relationships with the relevant Anisakis sequences in GenBank were investigated. For this purpose, a subsample of randomly selected 100 Anisakis larvae were analyzed with PCR-RFLP of the ITS region. The larvae were identified as A. simplex (s.s.) (n = 87) and hybrids (n = 13). ITS and cox2 gene regions of all hybrids and randomly selected 50 A. simplex (s.s.) larvae were sequenced for species confirmation and phylogenetic analyses. No intraspecific nucleotide variation was found among the ITS sequences of either species. Seven and three haplotypes, respectively, were identified for A. simplex (s.s.) and hybrid species according to DNA polymorphism of the cox2 gene. Hybrids in our study clustered within the common A. simplex (s.s.) clade in the cox2 phylogenetic tree indicating the dominance of A. simplex (s.s) in the catching area of Atlantic mackerel. Consequently, our study indicates high occurrence of A. simplex (s.s.) larvae with an overall 98.0% prevalence in imported Atlantic mackerel, and highlights the importance of these fish as potential reservoirs for human allergic anisakiasis in Turkey and possibly in other countries.

WITHDRAWN: Hyphoderma fissuratum and H. mopanshanense spp. nov. (Polyporales) from southern China

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Three new species of Phlebia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) based on the evidence from morphology and DNA sequence data

Three new Phlebia species, Ph. fuscotuberculata, Ph. tomentopileata and Ph. tongxiniana, are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Phlebia fuscotuberculata is characterized by brown, tuberculate hymenial surface, fusiform cystidia and ellipsoid basidiospores. Phlebia tomentopileata is distinguished by effused or semi-pileate basidiomata with tomentose upper pileus surface and merulioid hymenophore and allantoid basidiospores (3.5–4.5 × 1–1.4 μm). Phlebia tongxiniana differs in its effused basidiomata with smooth, buff to cinnamon-buff hymenophore, monomitic hyphal system with clamped hyphae and ellipsoid basidiospores. Sequences of ITS and 28S gene regions of the studied specimens were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses based on combined ITS+28S dataset showed that the three new Phlebia species fell into the phlebioid clade. Further study focused on a more representative set of Phlebia species based on ITS+28S sequences demonstrated that Ph. fuscotuberculata was grouped with Ph. hydnoidea and Ph. nantahaliensis, Ph. tomentopileata was closely related to Ph. tremellosa and Ph. tongxiniana was grouped with Ph. chrysocreas.

First detection of Eustrongylides excisus (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae) in big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri) from the lake Massaciuccoli (Northwest Tuscany, Italy): implications for public health and seafood quality

Eustrongylides spp. are cosmopolitan parasitic nematodes with several freshwater fish species as intermediate or paratenic hosts, rarely reported as zoonotic agents. This work aims to report, for the first time, the occurrence of this parasite in specimens of big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri) caught in the lake Massaciuccoli (Northwest Tuscany, Italy). Totally 3317 specimens of A. boyeri were collected in three different samplings (August–October 2019). Fish were visually examined and then submitted to artificial digestion. Visible parasites were collected and counted after both procedures, then they were identified to genus level by microscopic examination and to species level by molecular analysis of the ITS gene region. Overall, 75 nematodes identified as larval stages of Eustrongylides excisus were found (P: 2.3% 95% CI 1.8–2.8; MA: 0.02; MI: 1), in the viscera and in the muscle. A. boyeri is a highly appreciated fish species in several Italian areas as well as in various Mediterranean countries. Beside an epidemiological interest due to its role in the parasite cycle, the report of E. excisus in the study area arises possible quality and public health issues. Therefore, also considering the method of preparation of A. boyeri and that lately the increasing consumption of raw fish has also targeted freshwater fish species, it is essential to communicate the presence of this hazard and the need of applying appropriate sanitary measures to all FBOs along the supply chain and to consumers.

The utility of DNA barcodes to confirm the identification of palm collections in botanical gardens.

The palm family (Arecaceae) is of high ecological and economic value, yet identification in the family remains a challenge for both taxonomists and horticulturalists. The family consists of approximately 2600 species across 181 genera and DNA barcoding may be a useful tool for species identification within the group. However, there have been few systematic evaluations of DNA barcodes for the palm family. In the present study, five DNA barcodes (rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, ITS, ITS2) were evaluated for species identification ability across 669 samples representing 314 species and 100 genera in the Arecaceae, employing four analytical methods. The ITS gene region was found to not be a suitable barcode for the palm family, due in part, to low recovery rates and paralogous gene copies. Among the four analyses used, species resolution for ITS2 was much higher than that achieved with the plastid barcodes alone (rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA), and the barcode combination ITS2 + matK + rbcL gave the highest resolution among all single barcodes and their combinations, followed by ITS2 + matK. Among 669 palm samples analyzed, 110 samples (16.3%) were found to be misidentified. The 2992 DNA barcode sequences generated in this study greatly enriches the existing identification toolbox available to plant taxonomists that are interested in researching genetic relationships among palm taxa as well as for horticulturalists that need to confirm palm collections for botanical garden curation and horticultural applications. Our results indicate that the use of the ITS2 DNA barcode gene region provides a useful and cost-effective tool to confirm the identity of taxa in the Palm family.

Phylogenetic placement of Spermospora avenae, causal agent of red leather leaf disease of oats

Spermospora avenae causes the economically important red leather leaf disease of oats, which reduces grain yield and hay quality. It was first reported in the USA in 1936 and subsequently in Australia in 1978. Despite this, its phylogenetic placement is unknown, attributed merely to Ascomycota. Twenty-three S. avenae single spore isolates were obtained from affected crops in South Australia and western Victoria from 2008 to 2016. DNA was extracted from each and sequenced using Illumina technology. To identify its closest relatives, a draft genome was de novo assembled and contigs with the highest depth, hypothesised to be the rRNA gene region, were compared to NCBI using the BLASTN function. Contigs that had homologous sequence to the rRNA gene region were used to identify closely related species, which turned out to be Rhynchosporium species. Sequence data from the α-tubulin, β-tubulin, and ITS gene regions of Rhynchosporium species, identified as phylogenetically informative for this genus, were mapped to the S. avenae contigs. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region and multilocus concatenation demonstrated that S. avenae is nested within Rhynchosporium, closely related to R. orthosporum and R. lolii. When ITS sequences from other related genera sourced from GenBank were added to the analysis, it appears that Rhynchosporium is paraphyletic and should be split into two genera. Culturally, S. avenae prefers a semi-solid low nutrient medium (ie. ¼ strength PDA made with 1.25% agar) and cool temperature (optimum 15 °C). This corresponds well with the cold wet seasonal conditions required for disease development in the field.

Shifting Boundaries: Ecological and Geographical Range extension Based on Three New Species in the Cyanobacterial Genera Cyanocohniella, Oculatella, and, Aliterella.

The polyphasic approach has been widely applied in cyanobacterial taxonomy, which frequently led to additions to the species inventory. Increasing our knowledge about species and the habitats they were isolated from enables new insights into the ecology of newly established genera and species allowing speculations about the ecological niche of taxa. Here, we are describing three new species belonging to three genera that broadens the ecological amplitude and the geographical range of each of the three genera. Cyanocohniella crotaloides sp. nov. is described from sandy beach mats of the temperate island Schiermonnikoog, Netherlands, Oculatella crustae-formantes sp. nov. was isolated from biological soil crusts of the Arctic Spitsbergen, Norway, and Aliterella chasmolithica originated from granitic stones of the arid Atacama Desert, Chile. All three species could be separated from related species using molecular sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S ITS gene region, the resulting secondary structures as well as p-distance analyses of the 16S-23S ITS and various microscopic techniques. The novel taxa described in this study contribute to a better understanding of the diversity of the genera Cyanocohniella, Oculatella, and Aliterella in different habitats.

Secret lifestyles of pyrophilous fungi in the genus Sphaerosporella.

PremisePyrophilous fungi form aboveground fruiting structures (ascocarps) following wildfires, but their ecology, natural history, and life cycles in the absence of wildfires are largely unknown. Sphaerosporella is considered to be pyrophilous. This study explores Sphaerosporella ascocarp appearance following a rare 2016 wildfire in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), compares the timing of ascocarp formation with recovery of Sphaerosporella DNA sequences in soils, and explores the association of Sphaerosporella with post‐fire Table Mountain pine (Pinus pungens) seedlings.MethodsBurned sites in the GSMNP were surveyed for pyrophilous fungal ascocarps over 2 years. Ascocarps, mycorrhizae, and endophyte cultures were evaluated morphologically and by Sanger sequencing of the nuclear ribosomal ITS gene region (fungal barcode; Schoch et al., 2012). DNA from soil cores was subjected to Illumina sequencing.ResultsThe timing and location of post‐fire Sphaerosporella ascocarp formation was correlated with recovery of Sphaerosporella DNA sequences in soils. Genetic markers (fungal barcode) of Sphaerosporella were also recovered from mycorrhizal root tips and endophyte cultures from seedlings of Pinus pungens.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that Sphaerosporella species, in the absence of fire, are biotrophic, forming both mycorrhizal and endophytic associations with developing Pinus pungens seedlings and may persist in nature in the absence of wildfire as a conifer symbiont. We speculate that Sphaerosporella may fruit only after the host plant is damaged or destroyed and that after wildfires, deep roots, needle endophytes, or heat‐resistant spores could serve as a source of soil mycelium.

Nigrospora Species Associated with Various Hosts from Shandong Peninsula, China

Nigrospora is a monophyletic genus belonging to Apiosporaceae. Species in this genus are phytopathogenic, endophytic, and saprobic on different hosts. In this study, leaf specimens with disease symptoms were collected from host plants from the Shandong Peninsula, China. The fungal taxa associated with these leaf spots were studied using morphology and phylogeny based on ITS, TEF1, and TUB2 gene regions. In this article, we report on the genus Nigrospora with N. gorlenkoana, N. oryzae, N. osmanthi, N. rubi, and N. sphaerica identified with 13 novel host associations including crops with economic importance such as bamboo and Chinese rose.

<p><strong><em>Phlebiopsis lacerata</em></strong><strong> sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from southern China</strong></p>

A new white-rot species, Phlebiopsis lacerata sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological and molecular characters. It is characterized by resupinate to effuse-reflexed basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with simple septate generative hyphae, conical cystidia that are thick-walled, heavily encrusted with large crystal in the apical part, and ellipsoid basidiospores (4–5.5 × 3–3.5 µm). Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and LSU nrRNA gene regions showed that P. lacerata belongs to the Phanerochaetaceae and is nested in the phlebioid clade. Further investigation based on ITS+nLSU sequences with more representative taxa in Phlebiopsis demonstrated that P. lacerata forms a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and then groups with P. crassa.

Microbiota characterization of Exaiptasia diaphana from the Great Barrier Reef

BackgroundCoral reefs have sustained damage of increasing scale and frequency due to climate change, thereby intensifying the need to elucidate corals’ biological characteristics, including their thermal tolerance and microbial symbioses. The sea anemone, Exaiptasia diaphana, has proven an ideal coral model for many studies due to its close phylogenetic relationship and shared traits, such as symbiosis with algae of the family Symbiodiniaceae. However, established E. diaphana clonal lines are not available in Australia thus limiting the ability of Australian scientists to conduct research with this model. To help address this, the bacterial and Symbiodiniaceae associates of four Great Barrier Reef (GBR)-sourced E. diaphana genotypes established in laboratory aquaria and designated AIMS1–4, and from proxies of wild GBR E. diaphana were identified by metabarcoding of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and eukaryotic rRNA gene ITS2 region. The relationship between AIMS1–4 and their bacterial associates was investigated, as was bacterial community phenotypic potential. Existing data from two existing anemone clonal lines, CC7 and H2, were included for comparison.ResultsOverall, 2238 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were observed in the AIMS1–4 bacterial communities, which were dominated by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, together comprising > 90% relative abundance. Although many low abundance bacterial taxa varied between the anemone genotypes, the AIMS1–4 communities did not differ significantly. A significant tank effect was identified, indicating an environmental effect on the microbial communities. Bacterial community richness was lower in all lab-maintained E. diaphana compared to the wild proxies, suggesting a reduction in bacterial diversity and community phenotypic potential due to culturing. Seventeen ASVs were common to every GBR lab-cultured anemone, however five were associated with the Artemia feedstock, making their specific association to E. diaphana uncertain. The dominant Symbiodiniaceae symbiont in all GBR anemones was Breviolum minutum.ConclusionDespite differences in the presence and abundance of low abundance taxa, the bacterial communities of GBR-sourced lab-cultured E. diaphana are generally uniform and comparable to communities reported for other lab-cultured E. diaphana. The data presented here add to the global E. diaphana knowledge base and make an important contribution to the establishment of a GBR-sourced coral model organism.

Morphological and molecular identification of two new species of Tubulicrinis (Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales) from southern China

Two new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Tubulicrinis xantha and T. yunnanensis spp. nov., are described based on morphological and molecular characters. Tubulicrinis xantha is characterized by resupinate, furfuraceous basidiomata with buff to yellowish hymenial surface, amyloid lyocystidia and cylindrical to allantoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores (5.3–6.3 × 1.2–1.6 μm). Tubulicrinis yunnanensis is characterized by pruinose basidiomata with primrose to olivaceous hymenial surface and encrusted lyocystidia and cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores (4.2–6.2 × 1.2–2 μm). Sequences of ITS and LSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS and ITS + nLSU sequences showed that T. xantha grouped with T. martinicensis , and T. yunnanensis grouped with T. glebulosus . • ●Phylogenetic analyses revealed that both species grouped in the Tubulicrinis. • ●Two new species of Tubulicrinis were described. • ● Tubulicrinis xantha grouped with T. martinicensis. • ● Tubulicrinis yunnanensis grouped with T. glebulosus.

<p><strong><em>Heteroradulum yunnanensis</em> <em>sp. nov. </em>(Auriculariales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses in China</strong></p>

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Heteroradulum yunnanensis, is proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. The species is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with odontoid hymenial surface (50–100 µm long), more or less pronounced yellow stains in older basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with thin-walled, clamped generative hyphae and two to three-celled basidia and cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB– basidiospores measuring as 17–24 ×5–8 µm. Sequences of ITS and LSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that Heteroradulum yunnanensis formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and then grouped with H. adnatum.

Decolorization and degradation of Direct Blue-1 (Azo dye) by newly isolated fungus Aspergillus terreus GS28, from sludge of carpet industry

Abstract Decolorization of azo dye is one of the most challenging tasks before releasing the wastewater discharged from azo dye containing effluent. Microbial decolorization of Direct Blue-1 (DB-1) via degradation and adsorption is one of the eco-friendly and feasible way. Therefore, in this study we have isolated native fungal isolate GS28 from sludge of carpet industry, Bhadohi (U.P.), India and optimized its role in decolorization of DB-1 dye. Batch experiment was conducted using potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium at the concentration of DB-1 ranges from 100-1000 mgL−1 and maximum decolorization (98.4%) was recorded at 100 mgL−1, 30 °C within 168h after incubation. Isolate GS28 also exhibited efficient decolorization ability in the pH ranges from 4.0-9.0, temperature (25-40 °C), under the presence of different metal (Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe) and with different carbon sources (PDB+G, PDB+B, PDB+P, PDB+Y). Isolate GS28 was subjected to ITS region gene sequencing and was identified as Aspergillus terreus (Genbank accession number; MK574833). The role of degradation and adsorption in DB-1 decolorization was confirmed by GC–MS, enzymatic activity (laccase and manganese-peroxidase) and FTIR investigation. Increased activity of laccase, manganese-peroxidase was recorded in GS28 in exposure of 100,500 and 1000 mgL−1 of DB-1 at 120 h after incubation while, the level of H 2 O2 and protein content were low as compare to control. The degraded products of DB-1 were characterized by GC–MS as phenol,2,6-bis(1,1-Diemethylethyl), 4,5-Diazotricyclo[4.3.0.0(3,7)non-4-in-2-one] and 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid,3-nitro. Toxicity of degraded products was less than DB-1, confirmed by good germination rate and growth of Solanum leucopersicum and Triticum aestivum seeds. Therefore, the isolate GS28 can be utilized for treatment of industrial wastewater containing azo dyes in economic and ecofriendly way.

Soil microbial diversity in adjacent forest systems - contrasting native, old growth kauri (Agathis australis) forest with exotic pine (Pinus radiata) plantation forest.

ABSTRACTGlobally, the conversion of primary forests to plantations and agricultural landscapes is a common land use change. Kauri (Agathis australis) is one of the most heavily impacted indigenous tree species of New Zealand with <1% of primary forest remaining as fragments adjacent to pastoral farming and exotic forest plantations. By contrasting two forest systems, we investigated if the fragmentation of kauri forests and introduction of pine plantations (Pinus radiata) are significantly impacting the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities across Waipoua kauri forest, New Zealand. Using next generation based 16S rRNA and ITS gene region sequencing, we identified that fungal and bacterial community composition significantly differed between kauri and pine forest soils. However, fungal communities displayed the largest differences in diversity and composition. This research revealed significant shifts in the soil microbial communities surrounding remnant kauri fragments, including the loss of microbial taxa with functions in disease suppression and plant health. Kauri dieback disease, caused by Phytophthora agathidicida, currently threatens the kauri forest ecosystem. Results from this research highlight the need for further investigations into how changes to soil microbial diversity surrounding remnant kauri fragments impact tree health and disease expression.

Morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses reveal two new species of Peniophorella from southern China

Two new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Peniophorella fissurata and P. yunnanensis, are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Peniophorella fissurata is characterized by resupinate basidiomata with smooth to tuberculate hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, fusiform cystidia, and allantoid, colorless, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores measuring 9–11 × 3–3.9 μm. Peniophorella yunnanensis is characterized by an annual basidiomata with grandinioid hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, presence of three types cystidia, and ellipsoid, colorless, smooth, thin-walled basidiospores (8–9 × 4.7–5.5 μm). Sequences of ITS gene region of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. These phylogenetic analyses showed that P. fissurata was sister to P. pubera. Peniophorella yunnanensis formed a monomitic lineage and then grouped with P. odontiiformis and P. rude.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Pluteus keselakii&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; (&lt;em&gt;Pluteaceae, Agaricales&lt;/em&gt;), a new species in section &lt;em&gt;Celluloderma&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Pluteus keselakii, a new species in the section Celluloderma, is described and illustrated based on collections from Slovakia and France. Pluteus keselakii is characterised by a brown pileipellis largely composed of sphaeropedunculate to broadly clavate elements, a whitish stipe covered entirely by distinct brown floccules consisting of caulocystidia in tufts, narrowly utriform to utriform or fusiform pleurocystidia with obtuse apex and a brown lamella edge (at least near the pileus margin). Pluteus keselakii is macromorphologically similar to P. floccipes and phylogenetically (ITS rDNA) close to P. multiformis. The distinctive sequences of the ITS and EF1-α gene regions, however, support the status of P. keselakii as a new species.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Gloeodontia yunnanensis&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;sp. nov. &lt;/em&gt;(Russulales, Basidiomycota) from China, evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Gloeodontia yunnanensis, is proposed based on a combination of morphological features and DNA data. The species is characterized by an annual, resupinate basidiomata with smooth hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with thin-walled, clamped generative hyphae and obclavate cystidia and subglobose to globose, hyaline, thick-walled, asperulate, strongly amyloid, acyanophilous basidiospores measuring 3.3–4.3 × 2.5–3.5 µm. Sequences of ITS and 28S gene regions of the studied samples were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed with Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference methods. The analyses based on ITS+28S sequences showed that G. yunnanensis nested in the Gloeodontia clade and formed a monophyletic lineage with strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP).