Gender-specific Research Research Articles

Incidence, characteristics, and prehospital outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Qatar: a nationwide gender-based investigation

BackgroundResearch on incidence and characteristics of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) in the Middle East is limited. We assessed the incidence, prehospital characteristics, and outcomes of OHCA in Qatar, a Middle Eastern country. Subsequently, we performed gender-specific analysis.MethodsThis was a retrospective examination of data obtained from the OHCA registry at Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) in Qatar from 2017 to 2022. We included adults, non-traumatic, EMS-treatment OHCA. We calculated the incidence of adult OHCA and conducted descriptive analyses for prehospital characteristics, and prehospital outcomes presented by return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We evaluated gender differences in prehospital characteristics and ROSC using Student’s t-test and the Chi-Square test as appropriate. Furthermore, we conducted a multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate the correlation between gender and achieving ROSC.ResultsWe included 4,306 adult OHCA patients, with 869 (20.2%) being females. The mean annual incidence of adult OHCA was 27.4 per 100,000 population-year. Males had a higher annual incidence of OHCA than females. Among all cases, 36.3% occurred in a public location, 25.8% had an initial shockable rhythm, and 28.8% achieved ROSC. Males had a higher proportion of bystander CPR, arrests in public locations, and initial shockable rhythms. While unadjusted analysis showed no significant gender differences in achieving ROSC, adjusted analysis revealed that male gender was associated with higher odds of achieving ROSC (adjusted OR male vs. female 1.38, 95% CI 1.15–1.66, p < 0.001).ConclusionsApproximately 720 adults undergo non-traumatic OHCA in Qatar every year, with a higher incidence observed in males. Male gender was associated with higher odds of achieving ROSC. Further gender-specific research in OHCA intervention and outcome in the Middle East is required.

The Women4Health cohort: a unique cohort to study women-specific mechanisms of cardio-metabolic regulation.

Epidemiological research has shown relevant differences between sexes in clinical manifestations, severity, and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. To date, the mechanisms underlying these differences remain unknown. Given the rising incidence of such diseases, gender-specific research on established and emerging risk factors, such as dysfunction of glycaemic and/or lipid metabolism, of sex hormones and of gut microbiome, is of paramount importance. The relationships between sex hormones, gut microbiome, and host glycaemic and/or lipid metabolism are largely unknown even in the homoeostasis status. Yet this knowledge gap would be pivotal to pinpoint to key mechanisms that are likely to be disrupted in disease context. Here we present the Women4Health (W4H) cohort, a unique cohort comprising up to 300 healthy women followed up during a natural menstrual cycle, set up with the primary goal to investigate the combined role of sex hormones and gut microbiota variations in regulating host lipid and glucose metabolism during homoeostasis, using a multi-omics strategy. Additionally, the W4H cohort will take into consideration another ecosystem that is unique to women, the vaginal microbiome, investigating its interaction with gut microbiome and exploring-for the first time-its role in cardiometabolic disorders. The W4H cohort study lays a foundation for improving current knowledge of women-specific mechanisms in cardiometabolic regulation. It aspires to transform insights on host-microbiota interactions into prevention and therapeutic approaches for personalized health care.

Exploiting gender-based biomarkers and drug targets: advancing personalized therapeutic strategies in hepatocellular carcinoma.

This review systematically examines gender differences in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), identifying the influence of sex hormones, genetic variance, and environmental factors on the disease's epidemiology and treatment outcomes. Recognizing the liver as a sexually dimorphic organ, we highlight how gender-specific risk factors, such as alcohol consumption and obesity, contribute differently to hepatocarcinogenesis in men and women. We explore molecular mechanisms, including the differential expression of androgen and estrogen receptors, which mediate diverse pathways in tumor biology such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Our analysis underscores the critical need for gender-specific research in liver cancer, from molecular studies to clinical trials, to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic effectiveness. By incorporating a gender perspective into all facets of liver cancer research, we advocate for a more precise and personalized approach to cancer treatment that acknowledges gender as a significant factor in both the progression of HCC and its response to treatment. This review aims to foster a deeper understanding of the biological and molecular bases of gender differences in HCC and to promote the development of tailored interventions that enhance outcomes for all patients.

Abstract 128: Gender Differences in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Incidence, Characteristics, and Prehospital Outcome in Qatar

Introduction: Research on gender differences in OHCA incidence, characteristics, and outcomes is lacking in the Middle East. We evaluated gender differences in adult non-traumatic OHCA by incidence, characteristics, and achieving prehospital ROSC in Qatar. Methods: We analyzed data obtained from Hamad Medical Corporation on adult, non-traumatic, EMS-attended OHCA in Qatar (2017-2022). We calculated the annual incidence of OHCA and ran descriptive statistics for OHCA characteristics for the full cohort and by gender. This was followed by multivariable logistic regression to examine association between gender and ROSC, adjusting for variables known to be associated with ROSC. Results: We included 4306 OHCA patients, 79.8% were males. The annual incidence of OHCA was 27.4 per 100,000 population. The annual incidence was higher in males than females (30.1 per 100,000 population vs. 20.4 per 100,000 population). Males had higher proportions of OHCA cases in public locations, receiving bystander CPR, and having an initial shockable rhythm. No significant difference was detected in crude ROSC. The adjusted analysis, however, demonstrated that male gender was associated with greater odds of ROSC (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.15 - 1.66). This advantage of ROSC in males was observed in the full cohort and in subgroups with shockable and unshockable rhythms. Conclusion: Approximately 717 adult patients suffer non-traumatic OHCA in Qatar annually, with a higher occurrence in males. OHCA characteristics were disadvantageous for females. Male gender was associated with greater odds of achieving ROSC, highlighting the need for additional gender-specific research in pre-OHCA care in Qatar.

Why is female gender associated with poorer clinical outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty?

There is a lack of gender-specific research after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Although previous studies have documented worse outcomes in women, a more thorough understanding of why outcomes may differ is needed. We therefore asked: (1) Are there gender-specific differences in preoperative and postoperative clinical scores, complications, surgery-related parameters, and demographics? (2) Is female gender an independent risk factor for poorer clinical outcomes after RTSA? (3) If so, why is female gender associated with poorer outcomes after RTSA? Between 2005 and 2019, 987 primary RTSAs were performed in our institution. After exclusion criteria were applied, data of 422 female and 271 male patients were analyzed. Clinical outcomes (absolute/relative Constant Score [a/rCS] and Subjective Shoulder Value [SSV]), complications (intra- and/or postoperative fracture, loosening), surgery-related parameters (indication, implant-related characteristics), and demographics (age, gender, body mass index, and number of previous surgeries) were evaluated. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were analyzed (critical shoulder angle, deltoid-tuberosity index, reverse shoulder angle, lateralization shoulder angle, and distalization shoulder angle). Preoperative clinical scores (aCS, rCS, SSV, and pain level) and postoperative clinical outcomes (aCS and rCS) were significantly worse in women. However, the improvement between preoperative and postoperative outcomes was significantly higher in female patients for rCS (P=.037), internal rotation (P<.001), and regarding pain (P<.001). Female patients had a significantly higher number of intraoperative and postoperative fractures (24.9% vs. 11.4%, P<.001). The proportion of female patients with a deltoid-tuberosity index <1.4 was significantly higher than males (P=.01). Female gender was an independent negative predictor for postoperative rCS (P=.047, coefficient -0.084) and pain (P=.017, coefficient -0.574). In addition to female sex per se being a predictive factor of worse outcomes, females were significantly more likely to meet 2 of the 3 most significant predictive factors: (1) significantly worse preoperative clinical scores and (2) higher rate of intra- and/or postoperative fractures. Female sex is a very weak, but isolated, negative predictive factor that negatively affects the objective clinical outcome (rCS) after RTSA. However, differences did not reach the minimal clinically important difference, and it is not a predictor for the subjective outcome (SSV). The main reason for the worse outcome in female patients seems to be a combination of higher preoperative disability and higher incidence of fractures. To improve the outcome of women, all measures that contribute to the reduction of perioperative fracture risk should be used.

The production of gender-specific scholarly literature in Romania: the weak institutionalisation of Gender Studies in higher education

ABSTRACT This article examines the predictors of gender-specific literature production in the field of social sciences and humanities (SSH). The research used bibliometric information on 1132 gender-related articles by authors with Romanian affiliations. Binary logistic regression shows the individual and institutional factors of a paper’s likelihood of including gender-related words in its title. Weak institutionalisation of Gender Studies marks this national context, reflected in the marginal and discontinuous integration in the curriculum of higher-education institutions. Our findings suggest that the female gender of the first or a single author, as well as the authors’ affiliation with Romanian universities running master’s programmes in Gender Studies, are positively associated with the outcome variable. Likewise, single-author articles have greater odds than co-authored articles of including a reference to gender in their titles. Conversely, articles published in journals in the JIF third quartile of the JCR hierarchy have less chance of having a title that conveys an orientation towards gender-specific research. The implications of our findings suggest that the decision-makers at the level of faculties and research institutes in SSH must focus on creating a facilitating environment for scholarly interest in feminist research. We propose tackling the negative stereotypes regarding feminism’s ideological underpinnings and its ostensible lack of epistemological foundation. Romania is a country still facing significant domestic violence and poor gender equality, so these findings have further implications at the societal level.

Gender differences in snowboarding accidents in Austria: a 2005–2018 registry analysis

ObjectivesTo elucidate gender differences in snowboarding accidents.DesignRetrospective registry analysis within the Austrian National Registry of Mountain Accidents.SettingSnowboard-related emergencies between November 2005 and October 2018.ParticipantsAll injured snowboarders with documented injury severity...

Why he buys it and she doesn't – Exploring self-reported and neural gender differences in the perception of eCommerce websites

Studies of gender-related differences in the perception of ecommerce websites dependent on the websites' aesthetics, usefulness, ease of use, and purchase intentions, give contradictory results. To shed light on these conflicting findings, in addition to self-reported data from two online questionnaires (Study 1 & Study 2), our research uses the neuroimaging method of functional near-infrared spectroscopy to explore possible gender-related differences (Study 3). By conducting three studies, users’ conscious and unconscious (neural) evaluations of ecommerce websites are explored. The self-reported results reveal that men and women do not significantly differ in their expressed evaluations of ecommerce websites. However, the neural results indicate that gender-related differences in the perception of ecommerce websites are influenced by unconscious effects, which might explain the inconsistent gender-specific research findings. Men tend to require greater neural activity when using ecommerce websites. Websites evaluated as useful and visually aesthetic lead to significant neural activation in brain regions of the left hemisphere for men in comparison to women, whereas websites evaluated as less useful and appealing reveal neural activation in brain regions of the right hemisphere in male participants. The results provide several theoretical and practical implications for the evaluation of gender-specific decision making on ecommerce websites.

The Effect of Intra-Generational Differences on the Ego States of Millennial Leaders in Indian Software Industry

Each person has a favorite ego state which they exhibit the most, or prefer the most, depending on the situations they face and the people they interact with. People belonging to different generations react differently to different situations based on their states of ego. This paper has classified the millennial generation into Early millennial leaders (Y1) and Late millennial leaders (Y2) based on suitable findings from the literature. Further, this paper intends to explore whether Millennial generation leaders differ in ego states within their generation. The study is carried out in convenient sampling method by collecting responses from 489 Millennial leaders working in the Indian software industry. Ego State Questionnaire- Revised [ESQ-R] is utilized to survey the sample population and MANOVA is performed to assay the ego differences within the generation. It is found that the Early millennial leaders exhibited parent ego and adult ego states whereas the Late millennial leaders exhibited child ego state. Future studies can be conducted in multi-generational context and can include gender-specific research to probe whether ego states differ between males and females..

Gender Differences In Hispanic Patients of Mexican Origin Hospitalized With Heart Failure

Background Over 3 million women in the U.S. die of Heart Failure (HF) annually. Women are significantly underrepresented in studies that inform practice guidelines, especially women hospitalized for HF despite the associated negative outcomes. HF is common in Hispanics, the largest ethnic minority group in the U.S, who are mostly of Mexican origin. There are no studies of gender differences in Mexican-Hispanics hospitalized for HF. Objective Describe gender differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment, in-hospital outcomes, and discharge status in Mexican-Hispanic patients hospitalized for HF. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected for a study examining readmission in patients hospitalized with HF in a 107-bed community hospital near the U.S.-Mexican border Results Of 155 self-identified Hispanic patients, 43.2% (n=67) were women. Compared to men, women were equally obese, on average 6 years older (p Conclusions Key gender differences in chronic illness burden, treatment, and discharge status were found, highlighting the heterogeneity of women with HF and the need for further gender-specific research in order to develop care strategies specific to women of all races and ethnicities.

Abuse of older women in the United States: A review of empirical research, 2017–2019

This article presents the results of a review of literature on abuse of older women. A systematic search was conducted in five electronic databases for empirical articles published from 2017 through 2019. Of the 727 articles initially captured, 20 articles met the inclusion criteria for review. Across the 20 articles, four primary focal areas emerged: prevalence and incidence of abuse, type of abuse, at-risk populations, and health outcomes. Most of the studies addressed issues identified in prior publications as the study authors attempted to untangle previous findings, expand study samples, and employ novel approaches to data collection. Only 5 articles focused specifically on abuse experienced by older women; older women comprised at least 50% of the sample in each of the other articles. In the latter studies, when gender was included as a study variable, the study authors reported few differences between older women and men with respect to risk factor for and outcomes of abuse. More gender-specific research is needed to better understand the circumstances and outcomes of older women's lived experiences and to inform the development of preventive strategies and gender-sensitive interventions for mitigating elder abuse. • Research reviewed focused on prevalence of abuse, abuse types, populations at risk, and health outcomes of elder abuse. • Few study samples include only older women; older women predominated samples that included both older women and men. • Study authors attempted to untangle previous findings by expanding their study samples and enhancing their study designs. • Across studies of elder abuse there was great heterogeneity in focus, study samples, and methodological approaches.

Gender Differences in Hispanic Patients of Mexican Origin Hospitalized with Heart Failure.

More than 3 million women in the United States die of heart failure (HF) annually. Women are significantly underrepresented in studies that inform practice guidelines, especially women hospitalized for HF despite the associated negative outcomes. HF is common in Hispanic people, the largest ethnic minority group in the United States, who are mostly of Mexican origin. There are no studies of gender differences in Mexican-Hispanic persons hospitalized for HF. We sought to describe gender differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment, in-hospital outcomes, and discharge status in Mexican-Hispanic patients hospitalized for HF. We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected for a study examining readmission in patients hospitalized with HF in a 107-bed community; hospital near the U.S.-Mexico border. Of 155 self-identified Hispanic patients, 43.2% (n=67) were women. Compared with men, women were equally affected by obesity, on average 6years older (p<.01), and more likely to be widowed (31% vs 6%; p<.001). Women had significantly higher ejection fractions, more total comorbid conditions, more hyperlipidemia, more arthritis, more anxiety, and were less likely to be treated with digoxin and more likely to be treated with calcium channel blockers. At discharge, women were significantly less likely to receive an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an aldosterone receptor blocker and had a higher systolic blood pressure. Key gender differences in chronic illness burden, treatment, and discharge status were found, highlighting the heterogeneity of women with HF and the need for further gender-specific research to develop care strategies specific to women of all races and ethnicities.

Sex- and Gender-Related Factors in Blood Product Transfusions

Blood products are indicated for a plethora of conditions in several settings, with a variety of products available for transfusion, from highly processed specific components to whole blood. Matching the donor product to the recipient is crucial in avoiding serious transfusion reactions, with the extent of matching depending on the physiological need, setting, and product. There are important factors related to sex and gender differences in donated blood products, adverse reactions to those products, interplay with underlying pathology, as well as sociocultural differences in the collection. This article will review key sex- and gender-specific research related to the use of blood products with an emphasis on the acute care setting.

Classification of Patients with Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction.

While coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a major cause of ischemia, it is very challenging to diagnose due to lack of CMD-specific screening measures. CMD has been identified as one of the five priority areas of investigation in a 2014 National Research Consensus Conference on Gender-Specific Research in Emergency Care. In this study, we utilized methods from machine learning that leverage structured and unstructured narratives in clinical notes to detect patients with CMD. We have shown that structured data are not sufficient to detect CMD and integrating unstructured data in the computational model boosts the performance significantly.

Ceguera de Género, Feminismo y Academia en la Violencia de Género. Comentario a Ferrer-Pérez y Bosch-Fiol, 2019

A reflection on gender blindness in research and in the academy is proposed from the paper “Gender in the analysis of intimate partner violence against women: From gender ‘blindness’ to gender-specific research”. A t work of the whole society through alliances is suggested to modify and transcend inter-sectionally the gender blindness. It is necessary to transcend gender confrontation from the feminist movement, requiring deconstruction and redefinition of gender norms, including the redefinition of the subject of feminism. It is necessary to expand the fight against gender violence beyond violence against women by intimate partners, which, despite being one of the most significant sources of feminicide, does not exhaust violence or discrimination against women or girls on the mere fact they are women.

Authorship and Impact of Gender-Specific Research in Major Radiology Journals

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to quantify the relationship between author gender and publication topic, as well as the impact of gender-related research. MethodsWe reviewed all original research publications in Radiology, American Journal of Roentgenology, and Academic Radiology from 2011 through 2015. For each article, we recorded the gender of all authors and the last author H-index, years in practice, and academic rank. The total citations and citation rate (citations per year) were calculated for each article. Articles were categorized as gender-neutral, women’s health, or men’s health. ResultsThere were 1,934 publications involving 11,657 authors. Women represented 30% of first, 25% of last, and 28% of all authors. There were 1,596 (83%) gender-neutral, 276 (14%) women’s health, and 61 (3%) men’s health articles. Women’s health articles were associated with a female first (odds ratio [OR] = 5.0, P < .001) and last author (OR = 6.4, P < .001), as well as more female authors (male = 1.4, female = 3.6, P < .001). Men’s health articles were associated with a male first (OR = 2.6, P = .004) and last author (OR = 2.2, P = .03). There were significantly more citations for men’s (43.5 ± 54.9, P < .001) and women’s health (27.6 ± 37.5, P < .008) articles than gender-neutral articles (21.9 ± 28.9). Similarly, the article citation rate was higher for men’s (10.6 ± 11.3, P < .001) and women’s health (6.8 ± 8.5, P = .004) articles than gender-neutral publications (5.3 ± 7.0). ConclusionRadiology researchers publish more often on topics related to their own gender. Furthermore, men’s and women’s health research generates more citations than gender-neutral research.

Heart Centers for Women: Historical Perspective on Formation and Future Strategies to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease.

Heart Centers for Women (HCW) developed as a response to the need for improved outcomes for women with cardiovascular disease (CVD). From 1984 until 2012, more women died of CVD every single year in comparison with men. Initially, there was limited awareness and sex-specific research regarding mortality or outcomes in women. HCW played an active role in addressing these disparities, provided focused care for women, and contributed to improvements in these gaps. In 2014 and 2015, death from CVD in women had declined below the level of death from CVD in comparison with men. Even though awareness of CVD in women has increased among the public and healthcare providers and both sex- and gender-specific research is currently required in all research trials, not all women have benefitted equally in mortality reduction. New strategies for HCW need to be developed to address these disparities and expand the current HCW model. The HCW care team needs to direct academic curricula on sex- and gender-specific research and care; expand to include other healthcare professionals and other subspecialties; provide new care models; address diversity; and include more male providers.

Childhood Abuse, Religious Involvement, and Lifetime Substance Use Disorders among Latinas Nationwide

ABSTRACTBackground: Childhood abuse is a major behavioral health concern and imposes lasting sequelae on mental and physical health, including lifetime substance use disorders (LT-SUD). Yet, gender-specific research examining this early trauma and substance use in Latina-Americans (Latinas) is scarce. No study has explored the relationship between collectivist cultural factors and LT-SUD in this largest minority-female subgroup of the United States’ population. Objectives: Based on coping theory, this study investigated the association between childhood abuse, cultural factors, and LT-SUD among Latinas nationwide. Methods: Using the National Latino and Asian American Study we performed three-step logistic regressions to investigate LT-SUD for 1,427 Latinas, following three preplanned steps: (1) childhood physical and sexual abuse (CPA and CSA) with LT-SUD; (2) known correlates as controls; and (3) cultural strength factors. Results: The prevalence rates of CPA and CSA were 28.0% and 18.4%, and that of LT-SUD was 4.8%. Religious attendance at a weekly level was negatively related to LT-SUD. Alongside English proficiency, discrimination, and social support, however, CPA and religious coping were positively associated with LT-SUD. Conclusion/Importance: Childhood physical abuse is an early risk factor for long-term substance use, viewed as a negative coping strategy. Religious attendance may have potential protection for Latinas. The victimization history may lead to coexisting positive (e.g., pursing social support, religious coping) and negative (e.g., SUD) coping behaviors within Latino communities.

Experiences of Postpartum Women in One Residential Treatment Facility for Substance Use Disorders: A Qualitative Case Study

A growing opioid crisis in the United States has sparked a need for gender-specific research and treatment to address unmet needs and promote positive health outcomes for both women and children. The primary purpose of this research is to provide insight into the experiences and perceptions of postpartum women with substance use disorders receiving care at one residential treatment facility. Two women, aged 22 and 27 years old, participated in semi-structured interviews designed to elicit perceptions about barriers to treatment, the value of various programs, the role of physical, social, and temporal contexts in treatment, and beliefs about the effect of treatment on quality of life. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a-priori coding with codes derived from the Social Stress Model of Substance Abuse. The pilot findings suggest that for these women separation from children during treatment is experienced as a major stressor, communication, counseling, and program staff and peer resources helps to offset this stress. The descriptive - level findings could provide insight to occupational therapy practitioners and other providers about women in substance abuse recovery and their perceptions of the value of programmatic interventions, meaning of their occupational deficits, and significance of occupational therapy as treatment to address these deficits.

Gender-Specific Medicine's Imminent Coming of Age

Gender-specific medicine is a new discipline. It has made significant progress over the last couple of decades, which has the potential to transform not only medicine but also the pharmaceutical industry and global healthcare. This article explores some of the most important ethical and legal aspects associated with implementing the principles of gender-specific medicine. This will require that the biopharmaceutical industry focuses on biological sex differences that play an important role in human disease and will mandate changes in global healthcare systems as well. Since drug discovery and development is a very complex, expensive, and time-consuming process that involves not only the biopharmaceutical industry but also entrepreneurs, regulatory bodies, federal funding agencies, private investors, advocacy groups, and nongovernmental/philanthropic organizations, this commentary analyzes how gender-specific research can move from the laboratory bench to the patient's bedside. We will also explore the disease areas most suitable for investigation to begin this translational process. We will discuss the ethical considerations involved in the genetic manipulation of human embryos. Finally, we summarize the driving forces for the full incorporation of gender-specific medicine into clinical practice.