Gender-specific Characteristics Research Articles

Gender-specific characteristics of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in women: focus on pregnancy factors

The prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is relentlessly increasing, especially in women. Therefore, an important task is search for novel markers and early predictors of the disease. Evaluation of the association between physiological factors and complications of pregnancy and the development both early and longterm heart failure (HF) is also a substantial question. The younger women cohort is of particular interest because of the high prevalence of HFpEF among women in Russia. The purpose of the review is to assess gender differences in the HF, as well as to summarize the results of studies on the association of adverse pregnancy outcomes and development of HFpEF. The article describes the gender characteristics of the development of various HF types. We considered the morphofunctional, neurohumoral and age factors associated with the HF development in women, as well as the differences in the influence of the leading risk factors for HF between men and women. Particular attention is paid to the role of pregnancy factors in the development of various HF types. The following HF development variants in women have been identified: early (peripartum) and late (diagnosed in postmenopause). The pathophysiological mechanisms of the impact of extragenital pregnancy complications on HF development are described separately. Particular attention is paid to studying the relationship between pregnancy complications and HFpEF development in the long-term prognosis, as the most characteristic form of HF for women. The leading pregnancy complications associated with HFpEF development in postmenopause are hypertensive disorders (including preeclampsia and eclampsia) and gestational diabetes mellitus. A wider study of the association of pregnancy complications with HFpEF in a woman’s future is necessary to identify new mechanisms for its development.

Comparing the Impact of COVID-19 on Depression and Social Anxiety Disorder of Male and Female

This in-depth assessment of the literature aims to assess and compare how the COVID-19 pandemic has specifically impacted depression and social anxiety disorder in both males and females. By focusing on these two well-known mental health conditions, this essay seeks to lucubrate the complex interplay between gender dynamics and the pandemic's psychological effects. The study will carefully consider whether the various pandemic-related disruptions, such as extended social isolation, economic crises, and upheaval of daily routines, have had different effects on men and women in terms of the prevalence and severity of depression and social anxiety disorder. The study aims to highlight potential distinctions in the experience and expression of these mental health issues by examining the data via a gender-specific perspective. It will look into age-related variations, the impact of various social support networks, and the interaction within various societies in addition to gender disparities. The research intends to provide a thorough understanding of how people from varied gender origins manage their mental well-being in the face of the pandemic's difficulties by unraveling this complexity. By highlighting the gender-specific characteristics of depression and social anxiety disorder, the research hopes to advance our understanding of how the pandemic's effects affect all facets of people's lives.

Uncovering Gender-Specific and Cross-Gender Features in Mandarin Deception: An Acoustic and Electroglottographic Approach.

This study aimed to investigate the acoustic and electroglottographic (EGG) profiles of Mandarin deception, including global characteristics and the influence of gender. Thirty-six Mandarin speakers participated in an interactive interview game in which they provided both deceptive and truthful answers to 14 biographical questions. Acoustic and EGG signals of the participants' responses were simultaneously recorded; 20 acoustic and 14 EGG features were analyzed using binary logistic regression models. Increases in fundamental frequency (F0) mean, intensity mean, first formant (F1), fifth formant (F5), contact quotient (CQ), decontacting-time quotient (DTQ), and contact index (CI) as well as decreases in jitter, shimmer, harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), and fourth formant (F4) were significantly correlated with global deception. Cross-gender features included increases in intensity mean and F5 and decreases in jitter, HNR, and F4, whereas gender-specific features encompassed increases in F0 mean, shimmer, F1, third formant, and DTQ, as well as decreases in F0 maximum and CQ for female deception, and increases in CQ and CI and decreases in shimmer for male deception. The results suggest that Mandarin deception could be tied to underlying pragmatic functions, emotional arousal, decreased glottal contact skewness, and more pressed phonation. Disparities in gender-specific features lend support to differences in the use of pragmatics, levels of deception-induced emotional arousal, skewness of glottal contact patterns, and phonation types.

Clinical case of genous schwannoma

Schwannomas are benign tumors that arise from Schwann cells and account for approximately 5% of all benign soft tissue tumors, are characterized by slow growth (1–2 mm per year) and are clinically asymptomatic for a long time.Material and methods. A review of literary sources for 2000–2023 was carried out, sources from the Russian scientific electronic library eLIBRARY, RSCI databases, and PubMed were used. A clinical case of patient with geniculate ganglion schwannoma is presented.Results. Schwannomas can occur at any age, no gender specific characteristics have been identified, the incidence most often occurs between the third and sixth decades, and there is an association with genetic disorders, in particular with neurofibromatosis. The dominant diagnostic methods remain MRI and MSCT of the brain.Conclusion. The presented clinical case demonstrates a long-term, asymptomatic course of geniculate ganglion schwannoma with intracranial spread. The surgical treatment contributed to improving the patient’s quality of life.

F-39 | Gender-specific Characteristics in Patients Undergoing Catheter-directed Therapies for Acute Pulmonary Embolism

F-39 | Gender-specific Characteristics in Patients Undergoing Catheter-directed Therapies for Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Gender-specific features in contemporary Japanese names

Abstract Contemporary Japanese given names exhibit great variety and have minimal formal restrictions in their formation. It is often possible, however, to determine the gender of the name's bearer from its phonological and/or graphic form. In this article, various features, including name length, syllables, and characters at particular positions within a name and the choice of script, are statistically analyzed to determine whether they are significantly associated with male or female names and which of them contribute the most to the expression of gender. The findings of this study verify the empirical knowledge of the gender-markedness of some of the features and establish a solid foundation for future feature-based gender prediction algorithms. The expression of gender in currently bestowed names is discussed in the context of major changes in naming practices and name choices toward the end of the 20th century.

Alzheimer Disease Associated Loci: APOE Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Marmara Region.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major global health challenge, especially among individuals aged 65 or older. According to population health studies, Turkey has the highest AD prevalence in the Middle East and Europe. To accurately determine the frequencies of common and rare APOE single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Turkish population residing in the Marmara Region, we conducted a retrospective study analyzing APOE variants in 588 individuals referred to the Bursa Uludag University Genetic Diseases Evaluation Center. Molecular genotyping, clinical exome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and statistical evaluation were employed to identify APOE polymorphisms and assess their distribution. The study revealed the frequencies of APOE alleles as follows: ε4 at 9.94%, ε2 at 9.18%, and ε3 at 80.68%. The gender-based analysis in our study uncovered a tendency for females to exhibit a higher prevalence of mutant genotypes across various SNPs. The most prevalent haplotype observed was ε3/ε3, while rare APOE SNPs were also identified. These findings align with global observations, underscoring the significance of genetic diversity and gender-specific characteristics in comprehending health disparities and formulating preventive strategies.

Gender differences in spinal mobility during postural changes: a detailed analysis using upright CT

Lumbar spinal alignment is crucial for spine biomechanics and is linked to various spinal pathologies. However, limited research has explored gender-specific differences using CT scans. The objective was to evaluate and compare lumbar spinal alignment between standing and sitting CT in healthy individuals, focusing on gender differences. 24 young and 25 elderly males (M) and females (F) underwent standing and sitting CT scans to assess lumbar spinal alignment. Parameters measured and compared between genders included lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), lordotic angle (LA), foraminal height (FH), and bony boundary area (BBA). Females showed significantly larger changes in SS and PT when transitioning from standing to sitting (p = .044, p = .038). A notable gender difference was also observed in the L4-S LA among the elderly, with females showing a significantly larger decrease in lordotic angle compared to males (− 14.1° vs. − 9.2°, p = .039*). Females consistently exhibited larger FH and BBA values, particularly in lower lumbar segments, which was more prominent in the elderly group (M vs. F: L4/5 BBA 80.1 mm2 [46.3, 97.8] vs. 109.7 mm2 [74.4, 121.3], p = .019 in sitting). These findings underline distinct gender-related variations in lumbar alignment and flexibility, with a focus on noteworthy changes in BBA and FH in females. Gender differences in lumbar spinal alignment were evident, with females displaying greater pelvic and sacral mobility. Considering gender-specific characteristics is crucial for assessing spinal alignment and understanding spinal pathologies. These findings contribute to our understanding of lumbar spinal alignment and have implications for gender-specific spinal conditions and treatments.

767 Racial and Gender Disparities in Traumatic Brain Injury Clinical Trial Enrollment

INTRODUCTION: Despite the increasing number of women and racial/ethnic minorities sustaining Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI), they are underrepresented in TBI clinical trials. METHODS: The authors conducted a review of TBI clinical trials with reported results registered in ClinicalTrials.gov between 2008 and 2022. The studies were assessed for the proportion of women and racial/ethnic minorities enrolled as well as their reporting of race and gender-specific characteristics such as Gender Ratio (GR) and Racial Diversity Index (RDI). Furthermore, study parameters including year and duration, phase, trial design, type of funding, and trial completion were included. RESULTS: 135 clinical trials met inclusion criteria, of which 65 and 134 reported race and gender, respectively. 25 trials were found to have existing racial disparity (RDI < 1). Comparatively, industry-funded trials had a 26% more likelihood of racial disparities (p = 0.026), whereas federally-funded trials were 30% less likely (p = 0.031). 66 trials had gender disparities (GR < 0.4) present, with federally-funded trials having 37.1% greater rates of gender disparity (p < 0.001, aOR: 5.47, 95% CI: 2.26-14.25). The impact of funding source on race and gender remained significant despite adjusting for other covariates in the multivariate analyses. Racial disparity was negatively correlated with trial completion rate (p < 0.001). Disparities were not found to improve over the 14-year span. CONCLUSIONS: Racial and gender disparities in TBI clinical trial enrollment persist, and the lack of diversity may lead to biased evidence-based medicine. Efforts should be made to increase the representation of women and racial/ethnic minorities in TBI clinical trials to ensure equitable access to effective treatments for all populations.

Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Model in Predicting Heart Disease Prevalent

Heart disease stands as the foremost contributor to global mortality in the present era. While a range of medical tests aids in diagnosing various manifestations of heart disease, anticipating its occurrence without resorting to these tests presents a formidable challenge. Machine learning has revealed a potential path for comprehending extensive medical datasets, unearthing concealed insights that elude human observation. Random Forest, Logistic Regression, XG Boost, k-nearest neighbor, and Gradient boosting was used to predict instances of heart diseases based on age and gender in this study. Regardless of the dataset's generalization or gender-specific characteristics, we observed that Random Forest, XG Boost, and K-Nearest Neighbors models exhibit high robustness and minimal sensitivity to hyperparameters. While the prediction accuracy remains consistent among Random Forest, Xgboost, and K-Nearest Neighbors, the crucial features responsible for achieving that accuracy vary among them. This observation indicates that it is important to test different machine learning algorithms when the interest is in prediction and understanding the most important feature(s). Keywords: Machine Learning, Heart Disease, Diagnosis, Predictions, Accuracy CISDI Journal Reference Format Abiola O. A. Adebisi R. O. Adeyemo A. B. (2024): Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Model in Predicting Heart Disease Prevalent. Computing, Information Systems, Development Informatics & Allied Research Journal. Vol 15 No 1, Pp 63-72... dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CISDI/V15N1P5. Available online at www.isteams.net/cisdijournal

Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Model in Predicting Heart Disease Prevalent

Heart disease stands as the foremost contributor to global mortality in the present era. While a range of medical tests aids in diagnosing various manifestations of heart disease, anticipating its occurrence without resorting to these tests presents a formidable challenge. Machine learning has revealed a potential path for comprehending extensive medical datasets, unearthing concealed insights that elude human observation. Random Forest, Logistic Regression, XG Boost, k-nearest neighbor, and Gradient boosting was used to predict instances of heart diseases based on age and gender in this study. Regardless of the dataset's generalization or gender-specific characteristics, we observed that Random Forest, XG Boost, and K-Nearest Neighbors models exhibit high robustness and minimal sensitivity to hyperparameters. While the prediction accuracy remains consistent among Random Forest, Xgboost, and K-Nearest Neighbors, the crucial features responsible for achieving that accuracy vary among them. This observation indicates that it is important to test different machine learning algorithms when the interest is in prediction and understanding the most important feature(s). Keywords: Machine Learning, Heart Disease, Diagnosis, Predictions, Accuracy CISDI Journal Reference Format Abiola O. A. Adebisi R. O. Adeyemo A. B. (2024): Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Model in Predicting Heart Disease Prevalent. Computing, Information Systems, Development Informatics & Allied Research Journal. Vol 15 No 1, Pp 63-72.dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/CISDI/V15N1P5. Available online at www.isteams.net/cisdijournal

Stability of End-of-Life Care Wishes and Gender-Specific Characteristics of Outpatients with Advanced Cancer under Palliative Therapy: A Prospective Observational Study

Introduction: Early integration of palliative care and advance care planning (ACP) play an increasingly important role in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer. Advance directives (ADs) and patients’ preferences regarding end-of-life (EoL) care are important aspects of ACP. In the outpatient setting, the prevalence of those documents and EoL care wishes is not well investigated, and changes in the longitudinal course are poorly understood. Methods: From June 2020 to August 2022, 67 outpatients with advanced solid tumors undergoing palliative cancer therapy were interviewed on the topic of ACP in a longitudinal course. From this database, the prevalence of ADs, healthcare proxy, EoL care wishes, and the need for counseling regarding these issues were collected. In addition, EoL care wishes were examined for their stability. Results: Fifty-one patients (76.1%) reported having ADs, and 41 patients (61.2%) reported having a healthcare proxy. Nineteen patients (37.3%) with ADs and 11 patients (68.7%) without ADs indicated a wish for counseling. Reported EoL care wishes remained stable over a period of approximately 6 months. Nevertheless, intraindividual changes occurred over time within the different EoL care preferences. The desire for resuscitation and dialysis were significantly higher in men than in women (resuscitation: 15 of 21 men [71.4%] versus 9 of 22 women [40.9%], odds ratio [OR] 3.611, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–12.89, p = 0.048; dialysis: 16 of the 23 men [69.6%] versus 9 of the 25 women [36.0%], OR: 4.063, 95% CI: 1.22–13.58, p = 0.023). Conclusion: Our results show a reasonably high percentage of ADs and healthcare proxies in our study cohort. The observed stability of EoL requests encourages the implementation of structured queries for ADs and healthcare proxy for outpatients undergoing palliative treatment. Our data suggest that gender-specific characteristics should be further investigated in this context.

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Cisgender and Transgender Women and Non-Binary Individuals Assigned to the Female Sex at Birth: A Comprehensive, Critical Global Perspective.

The 2022-2023 Mpox multi-country outbreak, identified in over 110 WHO Member States, revealed a predominant impact on cisgender men, particularly those engaging in sex with men, while less frequently affecting women. This disparity prompted a focused investigation into the gender-specific characteristics of Mpox infections, particularly among women, to address a notable knowledge gap. This review systematically gathers and analyzes the scientific literature and case reports concerning Mpox infections in women, covering a broad geographical spectrum including regions such as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Nigeria, Europe, Vietnam, and the United States. The analysis delves into various aspects of Mpox in women, including clinical features, epidemiology, psychological impacts, preparedness strategies, and case studies, with particular attention to pregnant women and those with underlying health conditions. Empirical data from multiple studies underscore the unique epidemiological and clinical patterns of Mpox in women. In the United States, a small percentage of Mpox cases were reported among cisgender women, with a notable portion involving non-Hispanic Black or African American, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicities. The primary transmission route was identified as sexual or close intimate contact, with the virus predominantly manifesting on the legs, arms, and genital areas. Further, a study in Spain highlighted significant disparities in diagnosis delays, transmission modes, and clinical manifestations between genders, indicating a different risk profile and disease progression in women. Additionally, a case from Vietnam, linked to a new Mpox sub-lineage in women, emphasized the role of women in the transmission dynamics and the importance of genomic monitoring. This review emphasizes the necessity for inclusive surveillance and research to fully understand Mpox dynamics across diverse population groups, including women. Highlighting gender and sexual orientation in public health responses is crucial for an effective approach to managing the spread and impact of this disease. The findings advocate for a gender-diverse assessment in health services and further research to explore the nuances of Mpox transmission, behavior, and progression among different groups, thereby enhancing the global response to Mpox and similar public health challenges.

Peer Influence, Family Influence, Academic Difficulties and Gender Differences as Agents of Career Indecisiveness of Senior High School Students in Ghana

This research aimed at finding out how peer influence, family influence, and academic difficulties affect the career decision-making process among senior high school students in Ghana. Employing a descriptive survey design, the study involved 450 students selected through multi-stage sampling. Data collection utilized a Likert-type scale questionnaire. Analysis and presentation of findings relied on Descriptive Statistics. Results indicated that peer influence, family influence, and academic difficulties collectively played significant roles in causing career indecisiveness among senior high school students in Ghana. Females were affected more by the agents of career indecisiveness. The study recommends that school counsellors remain attentive to peer influence, family influence, and academic difficulties, offering appropriate guidance and counselling to aid informed and effective career decision-making among senior high school students. Gender specific characteristics and behaviour must be critically explored in catering for the diverse career counselling needs of gender groups.

Research of the effect of gender-specific personality features of flight school students on the success of their studies

Aim. The paper describes a research of gender-specific personality features of flight school students. The eventual task was to research the effect of the identified gender-specific features of the male and female students on their academic and flight training performance.Methods. The research employed standardised character research methods: L.N. Sobchik’s version of MMPI and the 16-factor personality inventory. The resulting data were analysed using descriptive statistics of Microsoft Office 2007 Excel, Student’s Т-score for unconjugated samples (statistical significance if p < 0.05).Results of the research. It has been established that the academic and flight training performance are affected by both identical and differing personal qualities of male and female students.Conclusion. The conducted research identified gender-related personality features that correlated with the academic and flight training performance of male and female students that manifest themselves as sets of personal attributes. The identified personal attributes of male and female students may have either a positive, or a negative effect on their academic and flight training performance.

The Impact of Gender Stereotypes on Technology Perception. An Experimental Approach on Virtual Assistants

Artificial Intelligence (AI), one of the most provoking topics nowadays, implies human-like intelligence. In the endeavor to make technology as human as possible, gender specific features attached to the machines become of foremost importance. As the existing literature in this domain is still in its infancy, the present paper aims to investigate the way a virtual assistant is perceived from the points of view of competence, trust, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and behavioral intention. A 2x2 online survey-based experimental design is applied. The stimulus used is fourfold: a female virtual assistant assigned with a female specific task, a male virtual assistant assigned with a female specific task, a female virtual assistant assigned with a male specific task, and a male virtual assistant assigned with a male specific task. The results indicate differences between groups with a general preference for the male virtual assistant assigned with a male specific task. Hence, gender role stereotypes are still prevalent, and they need to be further investigated.

Exploring Gender-Specific Features from Handwriting for Devanagari Script

Handwriting is a very important mode used for communication. It has been in use for a long time for various purposes. Handwriting is found in many criminal cases and its analysis is quite tedious work to do and even time-consuming. But it would be better if the gender of the writer is known; it would be helpful in narrowing the search of the suspects. In this work, we have tried to explore certain features which could be used for the identification of the gender of the writer. Various researches have been done to determine gender from handwriting in various languages. No such work has been done on any of the Indian languages yet. We have selected the Marathi language, the script used for writing is the Devanagari script, which is the script for some other languages used in India. The database was created and the features were extracted manually including line quality, pen pressure, formation of dots, and many more. However, few features are seen in males while some others are in females. The study is still not conclusive and looking for further work on it.

Racial and gender disparities in traumatic brain injury clinical trial enrollment

OBJECTIVE Despite the increasing number of women and racial/ethnic minorities sustaining traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), they are underrepresented in TBI clinical trials. This study aimed to evaluate gender and racial diversity in enrolled cohorts of TBI clinical trials to identify trends and predictors of increased disparity over time. METHODS The authors reviewed TBI clinical trials with reported results registered on the website ClinicalTrials.gov between 2008 and 2022. The studies were assessed for the proportion of women and racial/ethnic minorities enrolled as well as their reporting of race- and gender-specific characteristics such as gender ratio (GR) and Racial Diversity Index (RDI). Further study parameters, including year and duration, phase, trial design, type of funding, and trial completion, were also included. RESULTS One hundred thirty-five clinical trials met inclusion criteria, of which 65 and 134 reported race and gender, respectively. Twenty-five trials were found to have existing racial disparity (RDI < 1). Comparatively, industry-funded trials had a 26% greater likelihood of racial disparities (p = 0.026), whereas federally funded trials were 30% less likely to demonstrate racial disparities (p = 0.031). Sixty-six trials had gender disparities (GR < 0.4) present, with federally funded trials showing 37.1% greater rates of gender disparity (p < 0.001, adjusted OR 5.47, 95% CI 2.26–14.25). The impact of funding source on race and gender remained significant despite adjusting for other covariates in the multivariate analyses. Racial disparity was negatively correlated with trial completion rate (p < 0.001). Disparities were not found to improve over the 14-year time span. CONCLUSIONS Racial and gender disparities in TBI clinical trial enrollment persist, and the lack of diversity may lead to biased evidence-based medicine. Efforts should be made to increase the representation of women and racial/ethnic minorities in TBI clinical trials to ensure equitable access to effective treatments for all populations.

Gender-specific issues for sport preparedness of elite female athletes in team sport games

Purpose. The goal of this study was to identify gender-specific issues of sports training to assist in the planning of training and competition loads of female elite athletes in team sport games.
 Material and methods. Bibliometric techniques were applied in this study to gather highly cited papers in sport sciences published during 2005-2022. The method of expert evaluations was used to determine the modern problems of female elite sports. To determine the model characteristics of the optimal psychophysiological state and balance function of elite male versus female athletes during physical exercises, two independent groups 17 women and 24 men were compared, elite athletes from such sport games, as: basketball (women, n=10 and men, n=14), handball (women, n=3 and men, n=5) and volleyball (women, n=4 and men, n=5). Mathematical and statistical processing and data analysis were carried out using the computing and graphic capabilities of the computer programs "Statistica" and Microsoft Excel 2010.
 Results. The analysis of sports scientific literature regarding gender-specific issues and the experts' analytical notes allowed us to obtain information about the main problems, such as: using male models of physical preparation at the training process for women. We determined that the psychophysiological functions for men and women have very particular gender-specific characteristics. For men, it is a predominance of attention, and for women, mobility and strength of nervous processes, respectively. As for the ratio of the quality of the equilibrium function of elite athletes without and with visual control, significantly higher indicators are observed for women (0,98 ± 0,02, p<0,05) compared to the group of men (0,78 ± 0,06, p<0,05).
 Conclusions. The research results obtained by us when comparing the psychophysiological and biomechanical indicators of elite athletes of different gender groups provide reliable information about the need to build different approaches in planning special physical loads for female and male athletes in sport games.

Risk Perception and Travel Behavior of Urban Residents in a Densely Populated Region of East India Amidst (COVID)-19 Pandemic

Travel risk perception and tourist behavior have been of paramount importance since the COVID-19 pandemic. As the nature, intensity, and consequences of these perceptions and behaviors vary, an extensive study on the perceptions of tourists??? attitudes toward COVID-19-associated travel risks and travel behaviors related with gender, age, and educational level is essential, particularly in East India, one of the world???s most densely populated urban areas. The major outcome incorporates logistic regression showing how traveling with family exhibits a different behavior during the COVID19 outbreak, with distinctive gender-specific characteristics influencing future choices and travel decisions.