Role Of Gender In Relation Research Articles

Penalized for Challenging Traditional Gender Roles: Why Heterosexual Relationships in Which Women Wear the Pants May Be More Precarious

There is growing evidence that heterosexual relationships in which traditional gender roles are reversed because women have attained higher societal status than their male partner are more precarious. We argue that this is the case because both partners in role-reversed relationships are evaluated more negatively than partners in more egalitarian or traditional gender role relationships. In two experimental studies conducted in the United States (N = 223) and the Netherlands (N = 269), we found that when encountering role-reversed relationships, participants perceive the woman as the more dominant and agentic one and the man as the weaker one in the relationship. They also perceive women in role-reversed relationships as less likeable, have less respect for men in role-reversed relationships, and expect that such relationships are less satisfying. In addition, in a third partner study (N = 94 heterosexual couples), we found that both male and female partners in role-reversed relationships considered the man to be the weaker one and the woman to be the more dominant one. Moreover, perceiving the man as the weaker one predicted lower relationship satisfaction in role-reversed couples. Overall, this research indicates that gender stereotypes about heterosexual relationships should be considered in efforts to achieve gender equity.

Transformation in Gender Narrative in the Context of Globalization – Study on the Screen Image of Mulan

Abstract In the context of globalization, the Chinese story of Mulan has moved from China to the world, providing an important case for feminist film criticism. From the perspective of film narratives of female characters, intertextual narratives about Mulan reveal the neutral change in the female narratives from the male “gaze”, gender role anxiety and female self-awakening, transcending traditional gender role norms. From the perspective of the gender narrative of the role relationship in the movie, the gender role relationship shifts from implicit patriarchy to a new relationship involving equal dialogue between gender roles. The inner strength of the development of feminist films in the context of globalization is the result of the strong willingness of female directors who want to create narratives of independent women and audiences who desire new images of independent women.

Occupational gender-roles in relation to allostatic load, workplace stress and mental health of psychiatric hospital workers

Occupational gender-roles in relation to allostatic load, workplace stress and mental health of psychiatric hospital workers

Gender roles, sex and the expression of driving anger

The present study investigated the validity of the 25-item Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX) as well as the role of sex and gender-roles in relation to the expression of driving anger in a sample of 378 French drivers (males=38%, M=32.9years old). Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the four-factor structure of the 25-item DAX (Adaptive/Constructive Expression; Use of the Vehicle to Express Anger; Verbal Aggressive Expression and Personal Physical Aggressive Expression) and two of the three aggressive factors were found to have significant positive relationships with driving anger, while adaptive/constructive expression was negatively related to driving anger. Use of the vehicle to express anger was not significantly related to crash involvement, but was significantly related to all other crash-related conditions (traffic tickets, loss of concentration, loss of control of the vehicle, near crash). The presence of feminine traits, but not sex, was predictive of adaptive/constructive behaviours, while masculine traits predicted more frequent verbal aggressive expression, use of the vehicle to express anger, personal physical aggressive expression and total aggressive expression. This finding may account for the inconsistent relationship found between driving anger and sex in previous research. This research also found that the 25-item DAX is a valid tool to measure the expression of driving anger and that the endorsement of masculine traits are related to more aggressive forms of driving anger expression.

Emerging Adults’ Expectations and Preferences for Gender Role Arrangements in Long-Term Heterosexual Relationships

Using vignettes as a data collection tool, the main purpose of this randomized, mixed-method study was to examine U.S. emerging adults’ (N = 451) expectations and preferences for five different gender role relationship (GRR) types: (a) male-head/female-complement, (b) male-senior/female-junior partner, (c) partner-equal, (d) female-senior/male-junior partner, and (e) female-head/male-complement. Respondents’ perceptions about their personal satisfaction if they were in such GRRs in the future also were examined, as were their perceptions of the effects of marital status and parental status of couples in the various GRR vignettes. Married couples were projected to have greater satisfaction than cohabiting couples, but couples with and without children were viewed similarly. Quantitative results suggest that emerging adults project egalitarian GRRs to be the most satisfying relationship type. Projected couple satisfaction and anticipated personal satisfaction were not dependent on couples’ marital or parental status. Qualitative results generally supported the quantitative findings, in that dual-career couple relationships were projected to be the most satisfying. Educators as well as premarital and marriage counselors may be able to use this information to help emerging adults consider and prepare for future relationships. Work/family policymakers also could use this information to tailor workplace and social policies to better reflect emerging adults’ views about GRRs in their future relationships.

Some Perspectives on the Problems and Prospects of Women Education, Empowerment and Gender Role in Nigeria

This paper highlights the need for psychological, physiological and dispositional compatibility of Women and the ability to enhance their human resourcefulness and empowerment through the acquisition and use of the ‘right’ type of education. The process of the acquisition and use of education, it is believed, can only come about through an understanding of the causal and physiological linkages between the nature and application of education, empowerment and the various roles expected from each gender. Just knowing the education-empowerment -gender role relationships might not be enough without knowing more and appraising the relationship that ought to work among these three concepts. This paper focuses on the ongoing concerns about education in Nigeria with regards to it's links with the acquisition by Women as well as their empowerment and gender roles. It further examines the rather artificial euphoric concerning the participation of Women in specific and more patriarchal professions and therefore creating a vacuum in feminine and important social roles. Finally, some recommendations were given on realignment of women education to enhance their natural roles using education as a tool. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n26p66

Resilience of Older Immigrant Couples

Long-term marital satisfaction has been found to be a protective factor for immigrant couples' adjustment to immigration and integration. In this study, a mixed methodology of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to understand the resilience of immigrant couples. The couples under study experienced hardships and went through major adjustments after they had immigrated to Canada. The factors in the marital processes that lead to the couples' resilience in immigration and integration included (1) adjustment to the changing gender role relationships in the couples' marriages after immigration, (2) increased intimacy and mutual reliance in the couples' marital relationships, and (3) management of conflict and compromise of differences. The external factors that enhanced immigrant couples' resilience included attainment of biculturalism, and availability of formal and informal support networks.

Crossing Boundaries: Male Consumption of Korean TV Dramas and Negotiation of Gender Relations in Modern Day Hong Kong

The gendered nature of modernity in the European Enlightenment tradition has naturalized and institutionalized an essentialist, binary system of masculinity and femininity. A similarly hierarchicalized, binary system of gender role relationships also underlies the Confucianist social order in East Asian cultural traditions. Our recent study of some educated, Chinese, heterosexual men's consumption of Korean TV dramas in the late/post-industrial (but not post-capitalist) society of Hong Kong, however, shows that while the binary gender boundaries are increasingly being destabilized and crossed over in their everyday lived experiences, these boundaries are also simultaneously being nostalgically hung onto by some of the men in their pleasurable consumption of Korean dramas. The implications of their consumption practices are discussed in terms of the dilemmas faced by some Hong Kong men when they are confronted with the increasing destabilization of the gender role boundaries and how they use Korean dramas to negotiate new gender relations in modern day Hong Kong society.

Women and ritual communication in Badagry and Owo towns of Southwestern Nigeria

Despite the anthropological relevance of indigenous religious ritual as a notable variable in African gender construction, the subject has not received adequate expression in gender related discourse pertaining to the African situation. The paper notes that messages which are transmitted through indigenous religious ritual are best understood by those who are familiar with the language and environment of the ritual related activities. Hence, gender role relationships as those revealed during the ritual processes in which female members of the community play roles that are not only prominent but also dominant may come to be lost or convey the wrong meanings to outsiders within particular cultural environment. Using the example of the rituals performed in Kubito worship and Asigbo hand woven cloth in Badagry and Owo towns respectively, the paper pinpoints the important role of women who serve as vessels for capturing the essence of indigenous culture through communication. Overall, the paper suggests that further research in the area of gender based indigenous ritual role relationships should be encouraged and sustained in order to create effective avenues for repositioning African Gender scholarship.

Gender Roles in a Traditionally Female Occupation: A Study of Emergency, Operating, Intensive Care, and Psychiatric Nurses

The gender roles of experienced Canadian nurses from four specialty teams were measured. Hypotheses concerning relationships with occupational fit and success were generated in accordance with three models of gender roles: congruence, masculinity, and androgyny models. Even though the nurses’ gender roles appeared rather androgynous, what was valued and rewarded was the masculine component. High femininity was associated with little experience, whereas high masculinity was associated with high pay and high contribution to group problem-solving. In addition, gender role relationships with work attitudes and organizational culture values were examined. The findings supported the proposal that gender roles represent complex self-identity schemata. Only femininity predicted level of organizational commitment and the value of commitment to the hospital, only masculinity predicted the hospital leadership value, and androgyny predicted values of innovation, change, patient focus and efficiency, and team relations. Implications of the findings are discussed.