Family Gender Roles Research Articles

Intersectionalities and im/mobilities in family and marriage: a comparative study of Germany and India

This article investigates comparative intersections of gender and family sociology internationally, with a specific focus on urban Germany and urban India. In particular, this research examines a central dynamic that informs family and marriage relations globally, and for this research context, in Germany and India: What are the nuanced ways of conceptualizing changing gender roles in marriage and in family in Germany and India? Bringing together a robust understanding of the theoretical frameworks of Intersectionality and of Mobility as large bodies of scholarship that examine geographic and symbolic power geometries, we adopt the lens of Intersectional Im/Mobilities to explore changing gender roles in family and marriage in Germany and India. We particularly focus on an intersectionality-based analysis of two primary themes that arise out of our primary and secondary data: (1) Women’s employment and impact on family life/work–life balance; and (2) Changing gender roles in marriage (through the lens of the division of household labor and aspects of agency and decision making), questions which influence and inflect complex intersectional realities.

Family model and family-gender roles in the assessments of modern youth

Modern trends in changing the marriage and family attitudes of modern youth are characterized by the transformation of gender roles. Based on a questionnaire survey of modern youth, social attitudes of young people were obtained regarding the gender distribution of roles in the sphere of decision-making, financial security of the family, parenthood, organization of everyday life and a favorable climate in the family, as well as the assessment of these areas in the parental family. Data indicate an egalitarianization of the family model, but in relation to the sphere of family provision, this trend is less pronounced. Young people more often name love as the reasons for starting a family, followed by socio-psychological comfort and having children.

Intergenerational transmission of parental child-rearing gender-role attitudes and its influence on gender roles in single-parent families

BackgroundThe development of children’s gender roles in single-parent families is worthy of attention. It may be affected by family members’ gender roles and parental child-rearing gender-role attitudes (PCGA). PCGA will form a consistent or inconsistent intergenerational relationship between parents and children.ObjectiveThis study examined the intergenerational similarities in gender roles and PCGA. Also, the intergenerational transmission of parental child-rearing gender-role attitudes (ITPCGA) in single-parent families, and the impact of various family factors on children’s gender roles were comprehensively considered.MethodParticipants were 550 single-parent parent-adolescent dyads. The Gender-role Scale and the Parental Child-rearing Gender-role Attitude Scale were used to evaluate participants’ gender-role and PCGA. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the intergenerational similarities in gender roles and PCGA, and the influencing family factors of ITPCGA and children’s gender roles.ResultsThe intergenerational similarities of gender role types and PCGA types existed. Both parents’ gender roles and family gender pairs affected ITPCGA, father-daughter families and parents’ undifferentiated and sex-typed gender roles significantly predicted undesirable ITPCGA. Family gender pair, parent’s gender roles and ITPCGA types affected children’s gender roles. Undesirable ITPCGA significantly predicted children’s undifferentiated gender roles; father-daughter families and mother-son families, parents’ undifferentiated and sex-typed gender roles significantly predicted children’s sex-typed gender roles, and mother-son families and parents’ reversed gender roles significantly predicted children’s reversed gender role.ConclusionsThis study highlights the effects of single-parent family gender pairs and parents’ gender roles on ITPCGA, which influences the development of children’s gender roles.

Mothers as nation-building agents in Kazakhstan: the effect of neoliberalism

With one-third of the population being children, Kazakhstan is a young state that now has a life-turning moment. High share of children may be both a curse and an opportunity for the country to strive and flourish, and it depends highly on the interaction of the many actors that influence development of children. In Kazakhstan, traditional perception of gender roles in family led to the disbalanced and increased role of mothers in raising children, and, thus, making them the primary and the main agents of national code and values transmission. Simultaneously, global neoliberalization of all spheres of life led to the responsibilization of mothers not only for moral upbringing, but also for most of strategically important decisions that shape their future lives. Eventually, it is mothers who create and define the new citizens. In my study, I focused on 3 generations of mothers in 3 families to see the transforming perceptions of their role in nation-building processes, what values they believe necessary for developing in their children, how neoliberalism affected their engagement in the children’s lives, and whether social class has an influence on nation-building in Kazakhstan. The results showed that the perception of a mother’s role is changing through generations, and now raising children is considered totally a private matter. Mothers of the last generation are primary and only decision-makers about their kids – sometimes sharing this only with their husband. This may be beneficial for government in short terms, because such mothers don’t expect any support from state, but in the long run this may lead to the decreased sense of belonging to a country in their children.

The Changing Role of Gender in Contemporary Muslim Families

In the modern era, gender roles in Muslim families have undergone a striking transformation, giving rise to exciting new dynamics in a society previously dominated by tradition. This study explores these changes using literature study methods through integrative and comprehensive literature analysis in collecting, evaluating, and integrating findings from previous studies that are relevant to the topic of study. The study's results stated that the change in gender roles in Muslim families today reflects social, cultural, and religious evolution. This brings balance and inclusiveness between men and women regarding family responsibilities and individual aspirations. Religious influences, especially in Islam, provide a framework that supports diverse interpretations of gender roles. Despite challenges and resistance, especially from groups that held traditional values, these changes increased family well-being, political participation, and economic growth. Greater gender equality in Muslim societies requires education, awareness, and mutual support. With commitment, these changes can lead Muslim communities towards inclusivity, gender justice, and benefits for all members.

The Role of Community Health Agents in Promoting Social Change in Peru.

Community health agents (CHAs) provide basic health services and increase health care access thereby improving health outcomes for peri-urban regions in Peru. Few studies analyze the effect that becoming a CHA has on women's interpersonal interactions. We aim to explore the impact CHAs may have on gender and social norms through their roles as trusted leaders in male-dominated communities. We conducted six 90-minute group discussions with CHAs working in Huancayo and Trujillo, Peru. We designed the discussions to extract data about family and community norms that changed as a result of working as a CHA. A total of 53 female CHAs participated in six discussion groups. CHAs reported shifting family support (a change in how their family supported them in their role as a CHA), gaining status within their family (feeling more valued for their knowledge and experience), and shifting family gender roles (men and boys taking on more household responsibilities) as a result of their work. CHAs also reported a change in community norms and felt they were more valued and respected within their communities as women leaders. Working as a CHA creates an opportunity to enact social change through altering family dynamics and community perceptions. Moreover, empowering women to become CHAs not only generates tangible benefits in community health, but can help create social change that ultimately improves the lives of women and realize their human rights.

A study of the mechanism for intergenerational transmission of gender roles in single-parent families

The divorce rate in China is rising yearly, and the concept of marriage is changing, triggering many social topics related to single parents. Among them, gender-awareness education for children in single-parent families is particularly worthy of attention, as there has been insufficient exploration of how parents transfer their gender role concepts to their children. This study conducted in-depth interviews with 58 single parents and children from 29 families in Suzhou and constructed the mechanism for intergenerational transmission of gender roles in single-parent families based on grounded theory. It found that single parents' gender stereotypes, the starting point of the intergenerational transmission mechanism, have been diluted. It affords them a more enlightened attitude towards child-rearing style, and they expect more equality in the gender role of their offspring. However, in some parents' actual parenting process, when the children's sexualization behaviours exceed their acceptance range, they will communicate with children in an authoritative and didactic way to “correct” the children's behaviour. In addition to direct verbal instruction, parents' expectations of their children's gender roles will be implicitly conveyed through various parent-child interactions in daily life to affect the formation of their children's gender roles. In the intergenerational transmission of gender roles, external people (such as grandparents, teachers and peer groups) have horizontal socialisation effects on children to modify or strengthen the results of gender education from their parents. Under the comprehensive influence of the above factors, the children's gender roles are finally determined. These studies expand previous theories and studies and have significant theoretical and practical implications.

The hidden half: the double lives of Chinese migrant women in post-war Britain

ABSTRACT Drawing on oral histories of first-generation migrant women, this paper explores Chinese women’s role in financing migrant households, mothering children and promoting the well-being of the British Chinese community after 1945. It argues that, with better educational attainment and wider participation in professional occupations Chinese migrant women played an increasingly essential yet unrecognised role in private and public lives. This paper expands knowledge of Chinese women’s experiences in contemporary international migration and confirms the necessity of understanding migration through the lens of gender to reveal evolving gendered family roles within migrant households and migrant women’s manifold but unrecognised merits.

The Analysis of Gender Roles Divisioan In Dual Career Families In District Cities

<em>This research focuses on discussing the division of productive, reproductive, and social gender roles in dual-career families in the Inderalaya Raya sub-district. The division of roles in a dual-career family certainly has its own difficulties and challenges, such as the division of roles involving children, work, household, and time. The purpose of this study is to identify the division of roles between husbands and wives who work in deciding the division of roles in family life. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative with a narrative research strategy. This study used role theory, and data was obtained from six pairs of husband and wife informants and three child informants through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the husband and wife have agreed on a joint decision to balance work responsibilities in the formal sector and household affairs, which can be in the form of full direct involvement of the husband and wife or assistance from a third party in carrying out the reproductive role. The multiple roles that are carried out will experience role conflict if there are two or more pressures that occur simultaneously. Role theory states that role strain and role failure carried out by someone will also lead to conflict and can even lead to gender inequality. However, workers and parents who carry out their roles well are made role models by the child</em>

Like Behind a Stone Wall": Involved Fatherhood in the Context of Maternal Self-Realization Opportunities

Involved Fatherhood is in the focus of researchers' attention because of the background of a general changes in the structure of gender roles in the modern Russian family, however, a number of blind spots remain in the study of this problem. Thus, it is relevant to analyze the mutual influence of involved fatherhood and mothers' practices, including how the father's activity changes the mother's trajectories and well-being. The presented study aims to analyze the involved fatherhood as a factor that positively affects the social opportunities of a woman in the first years of motherhood. The research methodology is based on the theory of the social construction of gender, the social topology of P. Bourdieu, the concept of non-maternal practices of mothers (sustainable social practices of a woman that are determined by the complex situation of caring for young children, but are not directly related to caring for them). Based on the analysis of 720 accounts of young mothers in social networks, 230 statements of mothers on thematic forums, and 10 in-depth interviews (5 married couples, men in which are actively involved in the childe care process), it was found that fatherhood is an important factor in the implementation of non-maternity practices, including that have an economic effect and a transitive potential for a woman. This and the orientation of a woman to preserving her subjectivity through the implementation of non-maternal practices creates some conditions (financial, timing, functional) for greater inclusion of fathers in the processes of care and upbringing. The main motive for the involvement of men is the orientation towards the interests of the child and the subjective experiences of the fatherhood. However, the effect of support is highly appreciated by mothers as a factor determining the expansion of women's social opportunities, their material and psychological well-being.

Maternal Practices of Korean Healthcare Workers in Germany

In the framework of the former West German government’s “guest worker” (Gastarbeiter) recruitment policy between 1955 and 1973, more than 11,000 South Korean nurses and nurse assistants moved to Germany to work in medical or nursing institutions to fill a gap in the provision of healthcare services as “guest workers.” Drawing on personal accounts, the current empirical study explores mothering practices primarily between the 1960s and 1990s in the families of Korean migrant healthcare workers who resided in Germany over the course of their working lives and/or returned to Korea. This study charts the manner in which these migrant mothers navigated and balanced competing social discourses around mothering that emerged from the different cultural and historical backgrounds in a new host society. The concepts around mothering consist of the ideology of “intensive mothering,” the Confucian ideal of “wise mother and good wife,” and the German notion of the “raven mother.” Special attention is paid to the way in which mothering is negotiated and experienced by migrant mothers in gendered family roles over the time—the period from childhood to adulthood—spent in the host country. Various practices and strategies for childcare arrangements and education in sustaining a migrant family in the host country are discussed. Another salient question to explore is the manner in which the migrants’ ethnic culture and values inform their ethno-specific mothering practices. In this respect, the demands and aspirations of cross-cultural mothering to raise children with dual-cultural competence in both the culture of origin and that of destination are explored

Single Parenting: Impact on Child’s Development

Age-old societal beliefs are being challenged and constantly changing with urbanization, industrialization, and modernization, which have blurred the typical family gender roles and structure. The studies conducted 2 to 3 decades back showed that family instability can negatively affect children’s development. The absence or loss of one parent and conflicts between separated and divorced parents affect not only the child’s mental health but also the child’s physical health, overall growth, and future relationships. Single parents are often overburdened with the responsibilities of 2 parents, face social stigma, and lack social support, as a result they have difficulty spending time with their children. Hence children of single parents have poor academic performance, decreased social interactions, emotional and behavioral problems. Newer research has focused on the positive outcomes and protective factors that can steer the child towards better outcome. We need to focus on such protective and resilience-building factors to help the child adjust in the short and long run.

Gender Attitudes Across Generations in Contemporary Armenian Society (Comparative Analysis)

Contemporary gender norms and attitudes in Armenia have been shaped by a complex interplay of pre-Soviet traditional culture, the legacy of the Soviet socialist modernization project, and the post-Soviet spread of western ideas and values. The paper examines generational differences in gender norms and attitudes in Armenian society, by comparing three generational groups. The mixed-method analysis is based on quantitative and qualitative data, including the nationally-representative household-based Gender Barometer Survey conducted in 2014, as well as in-depth interviews and focus group discussions among members of different generational groups in Armenia during 2015-2020. The results of the factor analysis show considerable generational complexity in gender norms and attitudes. We find that the majority of Armenian society, regardless of gender and generation, strongly adheres to the core family values and the corresponding gendered family roles. At the same time, the analyses show that individuals who belong to the older generation, i.e., the generation whose socialization took place under Soviet rule, display the most conservative patriarchal gender attitudes. The middle generation, whose coming of age occurred during the period of the early radical post-Soviet transformation, demonstrate inconsistent gender attitudes: while adhering to conservative gender norms, they are also most dissatisfied with the state of gender equality and in some aspects, such as achievement of status and wealth, display considerable gender egalitarianism. Finally, the youngest generation generally subscribes to the most egalitarian attitudes, but this group is far from homogenous, demonstrating a sharp divide between urban dwellers, who are very egalitarian-minded, and rural ones, who are remarkably conservative. Notably, young women living in cities display by far the most egalitarian attitudes. Moreover, among men, the generation is not a significant predictor of the level of egalitarianism in gender attitudes, compared to education and area of residence (city/village). However, it has a more significant impact on women’s perception of the traditional gender scheme. We conclude with a discussion of the role of changes in gender norms and attitudes in a broader transformation of Armenian society.

Women labour migrant returnees and their changing roles in Nepal

This paper examines how the women foreign labour migrant looking at shifts in gender roles after returning to the home from the standpoint of family structure, public roles and factors to bring changes. It also explores how returnee women are perceived in society. Chautara and Duwachaur villages of Sindhupalchowk district were selected as the studied area. Data were collected fromforty female who have returned from foreign labor. Informations were collected from household survey, Interviews and Key informant Interview methords. Drastically change in the means of communication and its accessibility, higher level of income and economic empowerment are the key for shifting in gender role. It has not been a drastic difference between women roles after returning from abroad. Thus, family structure and ethnicity of the migrant family are key determinant factors for the changing role. In nuclear family gender roles was seen a significant change in comparison to joint families. Women of ethnic groups enjoy relatively more social freedom compared to women of higher-caste groups such as Brahmins and Chhetri. The major challenge for returnee women migration is the image of creating female workers as “victims’’ and deeply rooted in the socio-economic structures of Nepal.

REPRESENTATION OF FAMILY GENDER ROLES IN “BIG LITTLE LIES” NOVEL BY LIANE MORIARTY

This research describes family gender roles in Big Little Lies novel. Gender roles discussion has been important to see how social creates expectation or standard that men and women should behave. Society gives appropriate role to appropriate gender. In order to describe this phenomenon in the novel, the researcher used Eagly’s social role theory with feminist approach. The research is designed with qualitative approach. In collecting and analyzing the data, the research applied method of documentation and content analysis. The result showed that there are two kinds of gender roles in family domain in the novel; the breadwinner and the homemaker. Mainly, women were expected to be the homemaker whereas men were expected to be the breadwinner. The expectation came from the typical activity of men and women in the novel’s environment. However, the research also found that agentic women like Madeline, Renata, and Jackie, they could participate in the role of the breadwinner. Communal men like Ed, Jonathan, and Stu, they could participate in the role of homemaker. The research concluded that the novel’s society did not project the typical gender roles strictly because husbands and wives in the novel are allowed to shift roles.

Analysis of gender roles in agro-industrial workers' families

This study aimed to analyze the role division of husband and wife in dual earner families based on gender. Basically, gender roles can be defined as the social relationship between husband and wife and the social construction resulted from that relationship. The consequence is the roles division based on gender may vary between communities, but it can be analyzed by its types (patrilineal, matrilineal, and egalitarian). This research was conducted purposively in Seputih Mataram Sub-district of Central Lampung Regency of Lampung Province by survey method. The research samples were 85 dual earner families, in which husband and wife of the family work as laborers in agricultural or agro-industry companies. The results of this research indicated that the family of agro-industry workers belonged to the patrilineal type family. Patrilineality in the family could be based on the division of family gender roles. Gender roles in the domestic sphere was charged to wives and in the social sphere was charged to husbands. This happens because of the social construction process that has been going on from one generation to another. It could be proven, for example, by meeting invitations on social activities from the village office are often addressed to husbands. In the domestic area, the division of gender roles is based on the division of tasks based on gender appropriateness, for example the task of cooking is charged to the wife and the task of repairing the house is charged to the husband.

The Inequity of Gender Roles in Ecuadorian Family, Perspective of Teenager and Comparison Between Girls and Boys, As First Step to Design of a Training Program to Prevent Gender Violence

Gender inequality is an issue worldwide, also it is related to gender violence. So, studying inequality of gender roles in Ecuadorian families according to teenagers’ views is an important topic, in order to understand the problem and generate possible solutions to prevent gender violence. The development of equality in families and society is the key to reduce violence. For that reason, in this study, the main objective is to analyze the perceptions of inequality in gender roles in teenagers that live in Ecuador by applying a psychometric test that was validated.

Association between Precarious Employment and Chronic Stress: Effect of Gender, Stress Measurement and Precariousness Dimensions-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Precarious employment has been highlighted as a social determinant of health, given, among others, to its alleged association with chronic stress. However, few studies have been conducted analyzing such association, using both perceived stress indicators and biological markers. Accordingly, the present study analyzed the association of multidimensional (6 dimensions) precarious employment scale with perceived stress and 23 markers of adrenal and gonadal hormone production, including cortisol. The sample consisted of 255 salaried workers from Barcelona (125 men, 130 women) aged 25–60. OLS regression models stratified by sex were conducted. Results demonstrated that precarious employment increased the probabilities of having perceived stress in both sexes. In addition, the production of adrenal hormones among men is associated with precarious wages and among women with precarious contracts (“Temporariness”, “Disempowerment”, and “Rights” dimensions). Therefore, precarious employment could be embodied by workers, altering their perceived well-being and physiological characteristics. Differences between men and women in the physiological effect of precarious employment could express not just the biochemical differences inherent to biological sex, but also the social construction of gender identities, positions and roles in society and family, as well as gender inequalities in the labour market.

Family context, gender roles and school performance of middle school students in Colombia

The objective of this article is to expose the main results of the investigation "Family context, gender roles and school performance of the students of Secondary Education in Manizales - Colombia", which sought to establish the relationships of the family gender roles of middle school students from five public education educational institutions in Manizales, Colombia, and their school performance in the period 2020, analyzing the variables related to family activities and how they influence school performance, and from a gender approach how these activities condition roles that will or will not have variations in said performance, through a quantitative methodology, for a non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational study. The study was applied to a sample of eleventh grade students from five public education institutions in the central area of ​​the city. A socioeconomic - cultural questionnaire and family activities according to gender were used as instruments; in addition to the results of the Colombian standardized test Icfes Saber 11 in mathematics and language.

Historical Examination of Gendered Perceptions of Crime and Moral Regulation in Canada

Law has historically reflected the moral values of a society; however, this concept is complicated when one considers how socially established values were also largely gendered. This research project illustrates how social values of femininity and female sexuality shaped gendered perceptions of crime throughout Canada, particularly during the late interwar through postwar periods (1930’s-1950’s). Specifically, it examines how the Ontario Female Refuges Act and the Andrew Mercer Reformatory, as significant legal infrastructures, reflected and reinforced perceptions of “female crime.” Findings support the central analysis of the project; how the perception of “female crime” as synonymous with moral and sexual deviance threatened embedded social structures of the patriarchal family and traditional gender roles, inciting moral fear. An intersectional lens is employed to highlight how perception and regulation manifested uniquely upon Indigenous women in Canada. This examination was conducted through historiographical research, a study of prominent works concerning the history of female regulation in Canada, and an interrogation of primary documents, notably relevant legislation of the period. The objective of this research is to offer a historical analysis of female criminalization in Canada, which can be employed to trace and interrogate historical perceptions of “female crime” and the tangible impacts that follow, as they continue to lurk in the contemporary criminal justice system. Works Cited Chan, Wendy, and Mirchandani, Kiran. “Defining Sexual Promiscuity: ‘Race,’ Gender, and Class in the Operation of Ontario’s Female Refuges Act, 1930-1960.” In Crimes of Colour: Racialization and the Criminal Justice System in Canada, 45-67. Canada: Broadview Press, 2002. doi: https://books.scholarsportal.info/en/read?id=/ebooks/ebooks0/gibson_crkn/2009-12-01/4/408045#page=68 Female Refuges Act, RSO 1950, c 134. Fyson, Donald. “Criminal Justice History in Canada: Some Thoughts on Future Developments.” Crime, History & Societies 21, no. 2 (2017): 173-182. doi: https://journals.openedition.org/chs/1862. Hannah-Moffat, Kelly. “Mother Knows Best: The Development of Separate Institutions for Women.” In Punishment in Disguise: Penal Governance and Federal Imprisonment of Women in Canada, 45-66. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press, 2001. doi: https://books-scholarsportal-info.proxy.queensu.ca/en/read?id=/ebooks/ebooks0/gibson_crkn/2009-12-01/6/418119#page=110. Hannah-Moffat, Kelly. “The Andrew Mercer Reformatory and the Reformatory Ideal.” In Punishment In Disguise: Penal Governance and Federal Imprisonment of Women in Canada, 45-66. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press, 2001. doi: https://books-scholarsportal-info.proxy.queensu.ca/en/read?id=/ebooks/ebooks0/gibson_crkn/2009-12-01/6/418119#page=110. Sangster, Joan. “Incarcerating ‘Bad Girls:’ The Regulation of Sexuality Through the Female Refuges Act in Ontario, 1920-1945.” Journal of Health and Sexuality, no. 2 (1996): 239-275. doi: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3704141?casa_token=-xEzWiJkYp8AAAAA%3ATiUfxERZnUqTSaYKvcRa_QIqydxCD1JIT2mtWgkujc3tNJBTwNNgXnkDUwozpEszlBOmWZiQwFyaQ1W5nO0-UibXuOt8K0lD3oxGZXDPQZ5-fzf6-w&seq=2#metadata_info_tab_contents Sangster, Joan. “Reforming Women's Reformatories: Elizabeth Fry, Penal Reform, and the State, 1950-1970.” The Canadian Historical Review, no. 2 (2004): 227-253. doi: https://web-p-ebscohost-com.proxy.queensu.ca/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=f4b61941-6741-489b-bf78-fcf5ffd90d79%40redis. Sangster, Joan. Regulating Girls and Women: Sexuality, Family, and the Law in Ontario, 1920-1960. Oxford, Toronto: Oxford University Press and Toronto University Press, 2001. doi: https://books.scholarsportal.info/uri/ebooks/ebooks3/utpress/2015-01-14/1/9781442623507. Strange, Carolyn, and Loo, Tina. Making Good: Law and Moral Regulation in Canada 1867-1939. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997. doi: https://books.scholarsportal.info/uri/ebooks/ebooks0/gibson_crkn/2009-12-01/6/417714. Strange, Carolyn. “‘The Criminal and Fallen of their Sex:’ The Establishment of Canada’s First Women’s Prison, 1874-1901.” Canadian Journal of Women and Law, no. 1 (1985): 79-92. https://heinonline-org.proxy.queensu.ca/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/cajwol1&collection=peggy&id=99&startid=&endid=112. Zedner, Lucia. “Women, Crime, and Penal Responses: A Historical Account.” Crime and Justice, vol. 14 (1991): 307-362. doi: https://www-jstor-org.proxy.queensu.ca/stable/pdf/1147464.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A172af8fec067b299a652de7b0d800ee6.