Gender Responsive Budgeting Research Articles

Village Women's Leadership in Encouraging Gender-Responsive Budgeting Planning

Gender-responsive planning and budgeting (PPRG) is one of the main strategies for integrating a gender perspective into development, particularly in the planning and budgeting stages. By adopting PPRG, we recognize that women and men have different needs, issues, and perspectives that must be accommodated to achieve equitable access, participation, control, and benefits (APKM). This is crucial to realizing gender justice and equality in society. However, the implementation of gender mainstreaming is often difficult due to various factors that hinder its effectiveness. One of the main factors that is very influential is the customs and culture that are still very patriarchal. This patriarchal culture is deeply rooted in many regions, including Bone Bolango District, hindering women's participation in decision-making processes and budget planning. This study aims to identify and analyze the leadership roles of village women in the planning and budgeting process and evaluate their effectiveness in promoting gender-responsive budgeting planning in Bone Bolango District. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method with female village heads and BPDs in Bone Bolango District and the head of the women's empowerment, child protection, population control, and family planning office of Bone Bolango District as key informants. The analysis found that women's involvement in leadership positions in the village has a positive impact on policies that are more inclusive and gender-equitable, especially in budget planning. Women's leadership provides a more sensitive perspective on issues experienced by women and other vulnerable groups. However, despite this, there are still significant challenges faced such as limited technical capacity, lack of understanding of gender-responsive budgeting, and a strong patriarchal culture.

Gendered Taxation: IMF Tax Advice and the Unintended Disempowerment of Women

Case research points to the gendered effects of the value added tax (VAT), which may particularly disadvantage women by crowding out their economic participation. A key driver of VAT introductions has been the International Monetary Fund (IMF). To counterbalance of-payments woes, IMF advice for cash-stripped countries has frequently focused on shifting toward broad-based consumption taxes while lowering trade taxes and corporate income taxes. We expect this tax policy advice – while ostensibly gender-blind – to contribute in practice to a deterioration in women’s socioeconomic well-being. To test this hypothesis, we construct a panel dataset for 147 countries from 1980 to 2016 and estimate the effect of IMF programs on women’s economic participation, education and health. Accounting for selection effects, we find that women’s life chances deteriorate relative to men’s if a country undergoes an IMF program with tax conditionality. We corroborate these findings to demonstrate the mechanism underlying these effects by showing a negative effect of IMF-induced de jure VAT adoption on women’s life chances. We provide complementary individual-level evidence from the World Values Surveys based on 98 countries from 1981 to 2019. We show that during an IMF program with tax conditionality, women are significantly less satisfied with home life and report more material hardships. Our results provide evidence of the potential for unintended consequences of IMF revenue prescriptions for women, supporting calls for increased attention to gender-responsive budgeting.

Does Natural Disaster-Induced Male Unemployment Increase Violence Against Women? Empirical Evidence from India

Violence against women (VAW) in India has increased with the rising frequency of natural disasters. This article uses district panel data between 2004 and 2019 for India to study the association between VAW and domestic violence (DV) with occurrences of droughts and cyclones. Results suggest that a rise in droughts-induced male unemployment significantly increases DV and VAW by 14 and 20.2 percent, respectively. The mediation analysis shows that the effect mediated by male unemployment on VAW is 3.4 and 2 percent of the total effect for droughts and cyclones, respectively. This indicates an emergent need for gender-based policy initiatives to prevent VAW. Furthermore, institutional policies such as alcohol sales prohibition, setting up of women-only police stations, and improving women’s political representation help prevent VAW. Besides reducing fatalities, disaster risk-management policies should focus on employment generation and promote gender-responsive budgeting to reduce women’s vulnerability to disasters. HIGHLIGHTS Women bear the burden of disasters with higher fatalities and increased violence within and outside the household. Loss of male employment causes financial and psychological stress, increasing VAW at the time of disasters. Disasters lead to reinstated patriarchal and masculine norms contributing to women’s poor socioeconomic status. Women-only police stations and greater political representation of women are critical to preventing VAW after disasters.

Women-centric economics: A closer look at gender budgeting in India.

This article explores gender budgeting in Indian healthcare, emphasizing its role in addressing disparities. Examining trends, recent highlights, and implementation, it showcases impacts on maternal health, reproductive services, gender-based violence, and empowerment. Examples such as Ayushman Bharat and Mahila Samman Savings Certificate illustrate economic implications. Beyond healthcare, gender-responsive budgeting is seen as a versatile tool for broader equality. Challenges prompt a call for sustained efforts and a comprehensive framework.

Government Commitment to Responsive Budgeting to Improve Gender Equality in City Government

This study aims to analyse the government's commitment to gender-responsive budgeting to improve gender equality in three cities governments. The method used is qualitative with a literature review approach and secondary data. Data were collected from various sources, including scientific journals, government reports, and policy documents related to gender-responsive budgeting. The results indicate that despite supporting local regulations, the implementation of gender-responsive budgeting varies across the three cities. In two cities, regulations exist, but the implementation is suboptimal; the allocated budget does not fully reflect a commitment to gender equality, and obstacles remain in transforming this commitment into local fiscal innovation. In the third city, the government's commitment is evident through various programs and training to enhance understanding and skills in preparing gender-responsive budgets. However, challenges like the lack of gender-disaggregated data and low political support persist. This research implies that improving gender equality requires greater commitment and understanding from all parties, as well as stronger gender-responsive budgeting policies and mechanisms. It also highlights the importance of cooperation between the government, civil society, and international institutions to overcome existing obstacles This research is novel in its comparative analysis of gender-responsive budgeting implementation across three cities and the identification of strategies to enhance its effectiveness and efficiency at the city level in Indonesia. It aims to significantly contribute to developing more inclusive and gender-equitable budgeting policies in the country.

An Evidence Based Analysis of Union Budgets of India from 2015-16 to 2022-23 with Reference to Gender Responsive Budgeting in India

An Evidence Based Analysis of Union Budgets of India from 2015-16 to 2022-23 with Reference to Gender Responsive Budgeting in India

Gender-responsive Planning and Development of Health-related Projects for Women and Transgender Persons at the Local Self-government Level in Kerala, South India

Abstract Background: Gender-responsive planning is a process that considers the different needs, perspectives, and experiences of men, women, transgender persons, and other gender-diverse people in the development and implementation of programs, policies, and projects. In the context of health, this involves integrating gender considerations into the planning and implementation of health initiatives at all the levels of government. This approach recognizes that gender is a key factor in shaping health outcomes, and certain groups often face specific health challenges that are rooted in gender-based discrimination and inequality. This study aims to understand the gender-responsive budgeting reflected in health-related project preparation for women and transgender persons at the local government. Materials and Methods: The secondary data analysis was conducted on the allocation and expenditure of plan funds by the local governments in Kerala from 2014 to 2020. Results: Gram Panchayats prepare the majority of projects relating to women’s and transgender health. Projects on nutrition comprise 85% of total projects and sub-sectors such as sanitation and waste processing, public programs, women’s welfare, and social security account for 5% each. By 2014–2017, micro-sectors addressing women’s health existed concentrating on toilets, counseling, nutrition, menstruation, yoga, self-defense, etc., Micro-sectors addressing transgender persons’ welfare added projects which accounted for only 0.2% of the total. Median values depict the allocation and expenditure for subsectors such as sanitation, waste processing, social welfare, social security, and nutrition, explicating that the disparities in addressing health concerns of women and transgender persons through these micro-sectors are stark. Conclusion: Development planning requires extensive data on fund allocation and expenditure on gender-responsive planning at the local body level. Improved allocation and proper utilization of augmented gender-sensitive health-care services can be brought about by engaging women and transgender persons in the decision-making process.

Gender-Responsive Budgeting in Practice: Lessons from Nigeria and Selected Developing Countries

Gender-Responsive Budgeting in Practice: Lessons from Nigeria and Selected Developing Countries

The Effect of Supervision of Gender Responsive Budget Planning on Performance through Work Discipline as a Mediation Variable (Case Studies on Employees Regional Apparatus Organizations in Surabaya)

The Effect of Supervision of Gender Responsive Budget Planning on Performance through Work Discipline as a Mediation Variable (Case Studies on Employees Regional Apparatus Organizations in Surabaya)

Gender-responsive budgeting implementation challenges: evidence from South Korea

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to further the understanding of how to implement gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) systems. The author explores whether GRB reforms might benefit from integration into a performance-oriented budgetary structure and whether GRB's equity orientation is linked to additional implementation challenges.Design/methodology/approachThis research follows a qualitative case study of South Korea guided by a predetermined research framework and built from extensive documentation, archival records and expert interviews.FindingsGRB’s integration into a performance framework can be burdensome, and the equity orientation of GRB results in additional implementation challenges, such as higher vulnerability to the political context and active resistance from public officials.Originality/valueThis research shows that integrating GRB with performance systems may require overcoming significant administrative obstacles. Also, GRB’s equity orientation is linked to a higher vulnerability to the political cycle and active resistance from civil servants.

Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) in Western Balkans between aspirations and reality

Abstract This paper aims to discuss the current situation on GRB as a tool to make budgets gender-responsive and achieve gender equality in Western Balkans. Apart from exploring the gap between the aspiration in implementing the GRB instruments and tools from one side and the obstacles encountered which are bound to be specific for any country or region. The general method used is the conceptual analyses as well as content analyses will be starting points when scrutinizing policy-papers that policymakers as well as programs of UN, UN Woman, EU and other foreign agencies are trying to implement in WB. Despite numerous gender policies having been adopted in Western Balkans over the last few decades, significant gender inequalities are persisting and there are gender policy implementation gaps. The paper concludes that there is a need to have sound laws and policies that meet the equivalent demand to implement them. Integrated GRB initiatives with gender equality goals could provide the basis for better gender equality outcomes and ownership from the central and local government administration, which is crucial in the long term and sustainable gender equality.

INTEGRATED METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT OF FINANCIAL ABILITY OF LOCAL BUDGETS

The article addresses the critical issue of ensuring the financial capacity of local budgets, a key factor in the sustainable socio-economic development of Ukraine's regions. The authors propose an integrated methodology for assessing the financial capacity of local budgets, emphasizing its incorporation into a digital system utilizing advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI). Particular attention is paid to the use of coefficients in financial analysis, which ensures objectivity, comparability, and effectiveness of research. These coefficients, as quantitative indicators, enable a comprehensive analysis of budget revenues and expenditures, assessment of financial stability, self-sufficiency of communities, and evaluation of the efficiency of resource utilization. The study provides an in-depth analysis of the budget of the city of Irpin, highlighting trends in the financial stability of the community amidst a crisis caused by military conflict. The analysis revealed both strengths and vulnerabilities, showcasing the role of coefficients in rapid diagnostics of budget performance, identifying problematic areas, and formulating effective solutions for community recovery and development. The article also examines opportunities to adapt international practices, including the Urban Audit program in the European Union, Gender Responsive Budgeting in Sweden, and the Municipal Performance Measurement Program in Canada. The authors stress the need to create an AI-based automated system capable of not only analyzing financial indicators but also generating actionable recommendations for community development. The proposed methodology integrates automated systems with a coefficient-based approach to cluster communities by development level, offering targeted recommendations to improve their financial resilience. This innovation aims to enhance the efficiency of local budget management, ensure transparency in decision-making processes, and promote the socio-economic well-being of the population.

Towards Equity and Inclusion: Analyzing Gender Equality and Social Inclusion in Nepal’s Budgeting Process – A Comprehensive Review

Nepal, a diverse nation with a history of social disparities, is at the forefront of redefining its budgeting process to reflect a commitment to gender equality and social inclusion. In recent years, the country has recognized the imperative of addressing the entrenched inequalities that have marginalized women, ethnic minorities, and other marginalized groups. The core of this shift lies in the incorporation of gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) and a social inclusion lens into the national budgetary framework. This process ensures that budget allocations are not only gender-sensitive but also promote social cohesion and uplift historically disadvantaged communities. Women's empowerment, access to education and healthcare, and economic inclusion of marginalized groups are now central themes in budget formulation. This qualitative research involves an in-depth analysis of gender equality and social inclusion within Nepal's budgeting process. Through extensive literature review and content analysis of relevant documents, the study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities in promoting equity in budget allocation and execution. This review article delves into the strategies, challenges, and successes of Nepal's journey towards gender equality and social inclusion in budgeting. It highlights the government's commitment to mainstreaming gender and social inclusion across ministries, the pivotal role of civil society in advocacy, and the need for data-driven decision-making to ensure targeted resource allocation.

UNCOVERING THE PROCESS OF GENDER-RESPONSIVE BUDGETING OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN GORONTALO

This research aims to effectively analyze the gender-responsive budgeting process in the public sector that takes gender interests into account in the Gorontalo Provincial Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection. This research uses qualitative methods with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data sources are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation, and literature research. Data analysis techniques use the following steps: data collection, data reduction, data display, verification, and conclusion. The results showed that there were three gender-responsive activities carried out in Gorontalo, namely increasing women's economic productivity, increasing institutional capacity for gender mainstreaming, and institutional strengthening. The management of gender-responsive budgeting starts with gender-responsive budget planning, budgeting gender-responsive activities, implementing gender-responsive budgeting, and monitoring and evaluating gender-responsive budgeting. Through gender-responsive budgeting, it is expected to make a major contribution to the achievement of women's empowerment goals and realize gender welfare and justice in various fields of development in Gorontalo Province.

Enhancing the Role of Parliament in the Budget-Making Processes

A budget is an important financial plan that provides a framework for the effective allocation of resources and is thus vital for ensuring effective public financial management. Parliaments play a critical role in ensuring that budgets deliver their intended outcomes. It is the responsibility of Parliaments to exercise oversight roles over the executives’ budget proposals, scrutinise budget information, and depending on the government system in place, approve, amend, or draft a new budget. The aim of this paper is to explore mechanisms that can be used to enhance the role of Parliament in budget-making processes by focusing on gender budgeting, budget reforms, and capacity building through the establishment of Independent Financial Institutions (IFIs) such as Parliamentary Budget Offices (PBOs) as mechanisms of enhancement. Based on the aim of this paper, the researcher chose to use a descriptive research design and employed a desktop research approach through a literature review. The relevant data was collected from various sources such as books, journals, and the internet. The online sources included in the academic database and government portals containing information relating to Parliaments, budgeting processes, and budget management. The findings suggest that Parliament plays an important role in ensuring that a budget is transparent, accountable, and responsive to the needs and demands of the public, including women and marginalised groups. It is also evident that some of the main challenges faced by Parliament to ensure an effective budgeting process include limited resources, political interference, and inadequate public participation. The study concludes that parliamentary involvement during the budget-making process is critical and therefore recommends strengthening the institutional capacity of Parliament, promoting public participation in the budget process, and ensuring gender-responsive budgeting in all stages of the budget cycle. Keywords: Parliament; Budget; Budget-making processes

Assessment of the Constraints to Women Education and Its Implications on Their Participation in Politics in North Western Nigeria

Women constitute a larger percentage of the illiterate group in n Nigeria. This could be attributed to the fact that in most families, parents prefer to send their sons to school, instead of their Daughters whom they feel would eventually get married and thus get incorporated into another family and by implication a larger percentage of the girls remain uneducated and unexposed. Girl-child access to basic education, especially in northern states, has remained low. The importance of women education in enhancing the education of their children is succinctly put in the old adage which states that ’’to educate a man is to educate a person, but to educate a woman is to educate a nation’’ The participation of women in politics may influence equalization of educational opportunities, quotas for female participation in governing bodies, legislative reform to increase focus on issues concerning women and children, financing gender-responsive budgets to equally take into account the needs of men and women,. Therefore there is need to analyses constraints affecting women participation in politics and their consequences in retarding development of women education. This paper therefore is to appraise some constraints to women education and implications to their political power play in North West Nigeria. In doing this, the paper discusses how women had fared in the traditional societies for educational struggle and how that had helped in the definition of their political status. The paper also attempts a historical overview of the participation of women in the political arrangement in North West Nigeria. It tries to probe into the political future of women in the country to determine whether there are opportunities for improvement or not. The paper finds a great deal of role stereotype against women by tradition and absence of practical steps taken by both political parties and government towards political achievements. It opines that more women should be given opportunities for education for participation in the politics of the country. This can be achieved through laws that are deliberately aimed at removing the barriers against women and genuine practical approaches.

Practices of Gender-Responsive Budgeting in Nepal

This paper attempts to analyze gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) practices in Nepal. Gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) is an approach to budgeting that uses an interrelated gender lens to respond to the diverse experiences of gender-diverse groups. This budgeting is also known as gender budgeting. This paper is based on descriptive research design and mixed research methods as well as secondary. Secondary data were collected from the reviews of Gender Responsive Budgeting reports and articles. Both archives and digital sources were used to search review materials. The findings of this paper show that GRB is a fiscal policy or administration that is used for promoting gender equality for girls and women. It provides a tangible framework for mobilizing budgets through a wide range of actors to address the gender-differentiated gaps to achieve desirable gender equality outcomes. Indeed, GRB can enter any stage of the budget cycle by identifying the prominent efforts. This paper concludes that gender issues became at the center of inclusive development since ancient times in Nepal. The fiscal policy tries to address GRB from2007/08 with progressive efforts, although the implementation of GRB faces a lot of challenges and barriers to achieving desirable outcomes. Despite this, the international community has recognized the effort of Nepal as a prominent GRB process.

Equity in Public Budgeting: Lessons for the United States

There is a growing realization among both academics and practitioners that infusing government budgets with an equity dimension has the potential to provide a pathway to a more equitable society. This potential has already been realized by more than 80 governments worldwide that have been using gender-responsive budgets (GRB) to advance gender equity. GRB represents a specific example of the growing trend in budgeting, which sees government budgets as something more than a neutral process of resource allocation. Rather, budgets are instruments to influence the allocation of resources to advance equity. In this article, we look at how international experiences with GRB can inform recent efforts in the United States by governments at all levels to use their budgets to advance social equity, especially for historically marginalized groups. We identify five factors that have contributed to GRB success and discuss how each of the factors can inform these efforts.

GENDER – RESPONSIVE BUDGETING IN SERBIA

The budget is the basic document for financing state functions in every modern state. It is a financial instrument that raises funds through the mechanism of public revenues and systematically spends them to finance public expenditures. The budget is a one-year law that envisages, approves, and allocates all state revenues and expenditures during one budget year. Despite the existence of gender-neutral laws and regulations around the world, people are treated daily on the basis of their gender, and not on the basis of individual needs. It cannot be allowed to depend on one's good will whether the services provided by the public sector, or any other legal entity will be adapted to the needs of both women and men. Gender equality is a challenge, and the introduction of the principle of gender equality and its budgeting is an even greater challenge. Gender-responsive budgeting is an innovation in public finances that broadens the needs of society.

Gender Responsive Budgeting in Indonesia: Village Financial Budget Planning

This study aimed to analyze how the budget of a village is gender-based based on Thinking Fatmawati. This study used a qualitative approach to critical ethnography (feminist). Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews with village informants in Sitiarjo, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Village Sitiarjo is an existing village that implements a gender-responsive budget. The results revealed concerns in the village regarding gender-oriented budget planning. Additionally, there are only a few programs that are gender oriented. However, implementing the gender-oriented budget is still in its initial stages. The planning process includes women’s participation in the village government’s deliberations. The planning process budget is expected to have Sprit Fatmawati, where women must be rational in making decisions for the economic and social good in the home or life around them while upholding religious and cultural values. This step is essential for the inclusiveness and sustainable development of the village. Keywords: Gender, Planning Budget Finance Village, Budget Gender Responsive