Gender Preference Research Articles

Knowledge and attitude of antenatal mothers on the preconception and prenatal diagnostic techniques act attending Government Maternity Hospital in Andhra Pradesh: A cross-sectional study

Background: Girl children are vulnerable to gender biases throughout the economic and social strata. From the moment of conception, a girl’s existence is an ongoing struggle for survival, development, and growth. Gender equality has gained recognition in the past 10 years as essential to a country’s social and economic progress and overall health. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to know the awareness and attitude of antenatal mothers regarding the preconception and prenatal diagnostic techniques (PCPNDT) act, gender preference, and their awareness regarding related social issues. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted after obtaining ethics committee approval and consent from 200 antenatal mothers attending a maternity hospital from September to December 2022. Data were collected using a predesigned, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. The analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 26.0. Results: Out of 200 study subjects, 80% were in the age group of 19–25 years, 60.5% were aware of the PCPNDT act, and 43.8% of mothers had knowledge about the PCPNDT act from hospital sources. Of the 56% of mothers who preferred a male child, 35.7% said it was first being a girl child. In this study, awareness of the PCPNDT act was significantly associated with age, area of living, religion, education, occupation, and socio-economic status, but not with type of family. Conclusion: Despite better knowledge regarding the PCPNDT act, the attitude toward sex determination, female foeticide, and son preference has to be changed. For this reason, strict implementation of the PCPNCDT act is essential.

Crafting Sustainability: Leveraging Gender Preferences to Preserve and Market Nypa Palm Midrib Stick Handicrafts

This study explores the impact of gender preferences on the sustainability and marketability of Nypa Palm midrib stick products within the realm of traditional handicrafts. The research reveals that gender-specific design elements, such as patterns, shapes, and colors, play a crucial role in shaping consumer behavior and influencing market demand. By strategically incorporating masculine and feminine design features, artisans and producers can broaden the appeal of these traditional crafts to a diverse audience, enhancing both their market relevance and long-term sustainability.The study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between artisans, designers, and marketers to fuse traditional craftsmanship with contemporary design trends. Such collaborations foster the creation of innovative, visually appealing products that cater to modern consumer preferences while preserving the cultural heritage of Nypa Palm midrib stick handicrafts.Additionally, the ability to adapt to evolving consumer preferences is highlighted as a key factor in maintaining the market appeal of these products. By continuously updating product designs to reflect current trends and incorporating both gender-neutral and gender-specific elements, artisans can ensure that Nypa Palm midrib stick crafts remain relevant in a competitive market.The research recommends conducting comprehensive market analysis to better understand shifting consumer preferences and developing trends. This knowledge would enable artisans and entrepreneurs to tailor their products and marketing strategies effectively, ultimately driving the commercial success of Nypa Palm midrib stick handicrafts while preserving their cultural and economic value in a dynamic marketplace.

Клинические особенности пограничного личностного расстройства у подростков

Aim. Identification of the features of primary and comorbid signs of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in teenagers. Design. Open-label cohort study. Materials and methods. A pilot clinical evaluation was performed for a full cohort of teenagers admitted to psychiatric in-patient clinic in 2021–2022, the condition of which corresponded to the International Classification of Diseases, revision 11, BPD criteria. The study included 74 teenagers aged 11–17 years old, of which 72 were females. The mean age was 16.6 years old. Results. All 74 patients had comorbid disorders; complex comorbidities were observed in 31 (41.9%) patients. Forty-seven (63.5%) patients had a history of bullying. Anxiety and post-stress disorders preceded clinical manifestations of the BPD symptoms in 64 (86.5%) cases. Self-harm and attempted suicide were recorded in 58 (78.4%) patients; problems with self-identification, including gender preferences, were observed in 56 (75.7%) patients, problems with interpersonal relationships — in 64 (86.5%) patients, and dissociative symptoms — in 41 (55.4%) patients. Multiple personality disorder identification as “we”, “multiple personalities”) was observed in 12 (16.2%) cases. Clinically significant signs of various eating disorders were diagnosed in 16 (21.6%) patients. After being treated in an in-patient clinic, 65 (87.8%) teenagers demonstrated significant improvement. Most challenging was the management of patients with substantial dissociative symptoms, persistent “gender identity disorder” and trends to use abnormal psychological defence mechanisms. Conclusion. Interim data show that manifestation of symptoms and comorbidities, as well as a short-term response to therapy in teenagers differ from those in adults with BPD, favouring BPD with adolescent onset as a relatively separate sub-type and justifying a dimensional approach for the search and optimisation of early therapeutic interventions in teenagers with BPD. Keywords: borderline personality disorder, teenagers, comorbidity, psychiatric disorders, International Classification of Diseases, revision 11 (ICD-11).

A Study on Buying Progression of Shampoo for Men and Women A Cross Tuticorin District

Consumer attitudes, tastes, and expectations are constantly shifting in the current climate. Additionally, the manufacturers provide a range of goods to satisfy consumer needs, which can differ based on a customer’s gender because different genders have different preferences when it comes to shampoo. This study aims to examine shampoo purchasing patterns in the Tuticorin District with respect to gender preferences. The purpose of the study is to determine whether gender influences the brand of shampoo that is purchased as well as whether male and female perspectives on shampoo purchasing differ or are the same. 1152 customers in the Thoothukudi District were surveyed and interviewed in order to gather data for the study. The study plans to look into the variations in consumer opinions based on gender and their preferences while buying shampoo in relation to associated issues.

Gender differences in risk perception and investment behavior

Purpose- Gender differences in investment behavior have been reported by various studies. Behavioral investing seeks to bridge the gap between psychology and investing. Behavioral finance is becoming more predominant in the financial and investment industry. The general concept of behavioral finance suggests that investors do not necessarily make rational investment decisions. Many results of behavioral finance studies show that men and women have different strengths and weaknesses in terms of skills required for investment management. This study focuses on the role of gender in risk perception and investment behavior, with a sample size of 288 respondents. In other words, the aim of the research is to reveal whether there is a difference in investment preferences between men and women. It is investigated whether the gender factor affects investment decision-making behavior. Using an experimental finance approach, the relationship between gender diversity and investment decisions is examined. Methodology- This study focuses on the role of gender in risk perception and investment behavior, with a sample size of 288 respondents. Gender differences in investment behavior have been reported by various studies. Behavioral investing seeks to bridge the gap between psychology and investing. Behavioral finance is becoming more predominant in the financial and investment industry. The general concept of behavioral finance suggests that investors do not necessarily make rational investment decisions. In accordance with the aim of the research, to reveal whether there is a difference in investment choices between men and women, the investment differences between the genders are shown using the graphic method in this study. Then, the normality test and Mann-Whitney U test were applied by using 288 respondents, respectively. Findings- According to the graphic method results it is found that women generally prefer to invest between 10% and 25% of their monthly income in financial markets. T cryptocurrency market is riskier than the stock market for both women and men. Women experience more stress than men at the thought of losing money because of their investment choices. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient for estimating the reliability of the scale employed for respondents’ investment preference was found to be 0.701. The results of data processing obtained by the value of the Kolmogorov-Simirnov significant which means the data were not normally distributed residuals. According to Mann-Whitney U test results, it is underlined that the gender factor differs according to the following variables based on 95% significance level: Conclusion- Survey with different aspects of questions focus on investors’ risk perception. “How often do you check your investments?”; “What is your approximate holding time of an investment instrument?”; “What percentage of your monthly income would you prefer to invest in financial markets?”; “The thought of losing money because of my investment choices is stressed me out”; “Have you ever invested in Cryptocurrencies?”; “What is the most suitable option for your knowledge of the cryptocurrency market?”. It is concluded that there is a significant difference between gender and investment preference. Keywords: Behavioural finance, financial market, cryptocurrency, gender factor, risk perception. JEL Codes: G10, G40, G41

Navigating Patient Comfort: Gendered Perspectives on Medical Student Involvement in Healthcare Interactions in Peshawar, Pakistan

Patient interactions are fundamental to medical education, influencing the training of medical students and shaping their clinical understanding. Objective: To probe patient perspectives on the presence of medical students during consultations, clinical examinations and surgical procedures, with a focus on identifying gender-based differences in preferences and comfort levels. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar involving 500 patients from Northwest General Hospital and Research Center and Northwest Teaching Hospital, data collected through a self-structured questionnaire revealed distinct gender disparities. Results: Male participants generally exhibited higher approval and comfort levels with medical student involvement, particularly during consultations, examinations, and surgery. Variations were evident in preferences related to medical history taking, comfort during physical examinations, and willingness to permit students in the operating room. Patients underscored the importance of recognizing gender preferences in medical student interactions. Conclusions: This study emphasized the significance of tailoring medical education practices to address gender-specific variations, ensuring a patient-centered approach and fostering positive healthcare experiences for all.

Social-cultural factors influencing modern contraceptive uptake among women of the reproductive age in Turkana County, Kenya

Background: Modern contraceptive is pivotal for reproductive health, averting unplanned pregnancies, lowering maternal mortality, and enhancing women's well-being. Despite global strides, challenges still persist in adoption of modern family planning methods in regions, like Turkana County, Kenya with a 30.7% adoption rate marking high unmet contraception needs. This study delved into determining social-cultural factors impacting uptake of modern contraceptive in the remote area of Turkana, Kenya. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed. The 360 participants were sampled from households using systematic random sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Data analysis included frequencies, proportions and Chi-square tests to unveil vital variable correlations. Data was presented in tables, graphs and pie charts. Results: The study revealed higher utilization of modern contraceptives at 53%. Cultural factors associated with Modern contraceptive uptake included religion acceptance of family planning (χ2=6.997, p=0.008), myths and misconceptions (χ2=31.096, p=0.000), gender preference (χ2=28.876, p=0.000), cultural perception of child quantity (χ2=26.373, p=0.000), decision maker for family planning (χ2=19.745, p=0.000) and discussion with partner (χ2=55.063, p=0.000). Conclusions: In Turkana County, Kenya, socio-cultural factors seem to significantly shape modern contraceptive choices among women of reproductive age. Religious beliefs, misconceptions, and gender preferences influence decisions. Cultural norms impact family size views, and autonomy prevails. Tailored interventions addressing these issues are crucial for better reproductive health outcomes.

The Role of Attractiveness in Gendered Sexual Response Patterns

ABSTRACT Previously documented sexual response patterns of gender-specificity among gynephilic men and gender-nonspecificity among gynephilic women could be explained by women responding more strongly to non-gendered aspects of sexual stimuli. Cues of attractiveness are known determinants of sexual decision-making, yet have not been directly tested as determinants of sexual response. The current study investigated the role of attractiveness cues in explaining gender-based patterns of sexual response. Thirty-one gynephilic men and 60 androphilic women were presented slideshows of images depicting individual nude men and women that were pre-rated in a pilot study as either attractive or unattractive. The men and women were posed with legs spread and aroused genitals displayed prominently. Images were isolated against a white background and included minimal contextual information. Three sexual responses – genital arousal (via photoplethysmographs), self-reported arousal, and visual attention (via eye-tracking) – were recorded continuously. Across all three response modalities, men’s and women’s responses were stronger for the attractive versus unattractive images and for their preferred versus non-preferred gender. For men’s arousal and women’s self-reported arousal, the effect of attractiveness was stronger for their preferred versus non-preferred gender. Thus, both men and women demonstrated preference-specific patterns of sexual response. Gender cues had the strongest effect on men’s visual attention, whereas attractiveness cues had the strongest effect on women’s visual attention. Findings establish the importance of target attractiveness in arousal to sexual stimuli and add to mounting evidence that androphilic women’s sexual responses are sensitive to gender, but may be more sensitive to non-gendered features of sexual stimuli.

GENDER DIFFERENCE IN USING DIGITAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH CANCER: A PILOT QUALITATIVE STUDY

Abstract Digital technologies hold promises to improve health and care delivery for various populations, including older adults with cancer. However, older adults’ adoption of digital health technology is less optimal. While age and gender can interfere with people’s technology behavioral intention, it is unknown how gender differences may influence older adults with cancer’s technology use experiences. This pilot qualitative study investigated gender differences in older adults’ experiences using digital technologies to manage their cancer and care. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 older adults with breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer (men=7 and women=9) aged 65 to 78 years. Thematic data analysis revealed that older men favored the adjustability and efficiency of using technology to save time and cost compared to in-person visits. Also, they perceived that technology facilitated their adherence to treatment plans. Older women, however, preferred technology-supported individualized care and perceived being able to review their medical notes as beneficial. Women were comfortable using technology to timely communicate with their trusted care providers. However, they preferred to see their providers in person if they experienced severe condition changes or unanticipated symptoms. Despite all these different preferences, both genders were comfortable using video calls with their providers, using the portal to keep track of their medical records and share decision-making with clinicians. These pilot results demonstrated gender differences in experiences and perceptions of using digital technology among older adults with cancer and suggested integrating gender preferences into technology design and development to facilitate personalized user experience and improve patient engagement.

A Study to Assess the Level of Stress among Care Givers of Thalassemia Attending Thalassemia Clinics of H.S.K Hospital and Research Centre, Bagalkot

Background: Thalassemia affects approximately 4.4 out of every 10,000 live births throughout the world. This condition causes both males and females to inherit the relevant gene mutations equally because it follows an autosomal pattern of inheritance with no preference for gender. Approximately 5% of the worldwide population has a variation in the alpha or beta part of the hemoglobin molecule, although not all of these are symptomatic and some are known as silent carriers.1 Objective: Find the level of stress among care givers of Thalassemia attending Thalassemia clinics. Methods: Descriptive survey research design has been adopted with the sample of 50 care givers of thalassemia attending Thalassemia clinics of H.S.K Hospital and Research Centre, Bagalkot. Data were collected using self report method and Hospital’s records. Tools used for data collection were; socio-demographic questionnaire, The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to assess the stress among care givers of thalassemia. Results: Findings related to assessment of level of stress among care givers of thalassemia shows that, highest percent 66 % of care givers were mild stressed, 34 percent of them were have moderate stress. There is a significant association was found between level of stress and sex of care givers (ᵪ2=0.0254; P<0.05).And no significant association was found between level of stress among care givers of thalassemia and their other socio demographic variables. Conclusion: The overall findings of the study revealed that, care givers thalassemia was had mild and moderate level of stress. There is a significant association was found between level of stress and sex of care givers.

Gender, rainfall endowment, and farmers’ heterogeneity in wheat trait preferences in Ethiopia

Wheat is a vital cereal crop for smallholders in Ethiopia. Despite over fifty years of research on wheat varietal development, consideration of gendered trait preferences in developing target product profiles for wheat breeding is limited. To address this gap, our study used sex-disaggregated survey data and historical rainfall trends from the major wheat-growing regions in Ethiopia. The findings indicated heterogeneity in trait preferences based on gender and rainfall endowment. Men respondents tended to prefer wheat traits with high straw yield and disease-resistance potential, while women showed a greater appreciation for wheat traits related to good taste and cooking quality. Farmers in high rainfall areas seemed to prioritize high straw yield and disease resistance traits, while those in low rainfall areas valued good adaptation traits more highly. Most of the correlation coefficients among the preferred traits were positive, indicating that farmers seek wheat varieties with traits that serve multiple purposes. Understanding men’s and women’s preferences and incorporating them in breeding and seed systems could contribute to the development of more targeted and effective wheat varieties that meet the diverse needs of men and women farmers in Ethiopia.

Surmounting Gender Dysphoria in A. Revathi’s The Truth About Me

The term ‘Dysphoria’ means a state of unease or generalized dissatisfaction with life. This state of unease, pain and dissatisfaction due to one’s gender identity is generally known as ‘Gender Dysphoria’. The term was coined by Norman Fisk in 1973. Gender Dysphoria typically waves and wanes until it drives individuals to take steps to live their lives congruently with how they perceive themselves. Some make permanent physical and social changes to live completely in their preferred gender, whereas others find alternative ways to manage the gender Dysphoria, such as living partially in their preferred gender and partially in their assigned gender. This term is also used in psychiatry. It literally refers to a state of psychological distress or discomfort associated with having an experience of gender that does not match one’s gender assigned at birth. The study brings under scrutiny the neglected position of women and transgender in present society through the works of the transgender writer, Revathi’s “Truth About Me” and also how hijras are humiliated and suppressed in public domain and how Revathi, was not spared even after leaving her village. This autobiography stands as a cornerstone of transgender literature depicting the fulfilment of Revathi’s dreams in her successful transformation to become a woman. There is little research on how GD and/or transgender identity are associated with surmounting.

A data-driven framework for thermal comfort assessment method based on user interaction

The rapid development of smart home systems requires a transition of thermal comfort studies. A feasible, user-friendly, consumer-oriented thermal comfort assessment method for large-scale residential applications is extremely urgent. However, most studies of thermal comfort models have focused on large commercial buildings. The application and deployment of such methods often rely on multiple prerequisites like relatively steady thermal conditions, regular energy consumption schedule, and additional sensor information. While situations are different in residential scenarios. In this paper, over 100 thousand air conditioner users were analyzed and a fundamental but overlooked question in thermal comfort research was established. In the household environment, the thermal condition is more complicated. Difference in age, gender, and usage preference leads to diversity in individual thermal comfort. Furthermore, introducing more sensors for better comfort prediction performance is not acceptable both from the cost perspective and the user perspective. To bridge the above missing gap, a novel thermal comfort assessment framework combining user interaction and metric learning was constructed. The proposed framework can be used to construct thermal comfort assessment systems by exploiting user interaction actions, which is a low-cost alternative and complementary to the traditional methods based on thermal equilibrium. The ease of construction makes the framework easy to integrate into smart home systems, addressing the difficulty of applying thermal comfort studies in residential scenarios.

Does the expression of granzyme B participate in inflammation, fibrosis, and fertility of hydatid cysts?

Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato), a cestode that is endemic in Egypt, causes cystic echinococcosis (CE), a significant but neglected zoonotic disease that is prevalent throughout the world. Infected hydatid cysts are classified as fertile or non-fertile based on the presence of protoscoleces; nevertheless, the mechanism of non-fertile CE cysts remains unknown. The study aimed to assess whether granzyme B (GrB) expression and CD4 + /CD8 + could be related to the induction of non-fertile CE cysts. A total of fifty-eight individuals diagnosed with visceral hydatid cysts were selected, and they were further divided according to cyst fertility into fertile and non-fertile. Immunohistochemistry for CD4, CD8, and GrB was done. According to the results, hydatid cysts are common in adults and have no gender preference. The same clinical and laboratory data were shared by patients with fertile and non-fertile cysts (p = 0.186). GrB expression was not impacted by the fibrous deposition inside the hydatid cyst wall (p = 0.85); however, GrB was significantly correlated with the inflammatory density (p = 0.005). GrB expression was also found to be significantly higher in non-fertile cysts (p = 0.04). GrB expression is positively correlated with CD4 and CD8 expression. In conclusion, the expression of GrB in hydatid cysts may exacerbate the inflammatory response and impede cyst fertility while not affecting the fibrous deposition in the cyst wall.

The Influence of Financial Literacy, Age, and Gender on Sustainable Investment Preferences Among Millennial Students

This research investigates the relationship between financial literacy, gender, and age on sustainable investment preferences among millennial students. The variables examined include financial education (X1), age (X2), gender (X3), and sustainable investment preferences (Y1), which constitute a literature review in the field of financial management. The aim of this article is to provide an understanding of how financial literacy, age, and gender influence sustainable investment preferences in the millennial generation. The research method employs a quantitative method to analyze survey data collected from millennial students. The study's findings are anticipated to offer an insight into the factors influencing sustainable financial decisions and social responsibility among millennial students. The findings of this article are as follows: 1) Financial education influences Sustainable Investment Preferences; 2) age affects Sustainable Investment Preferences; 3) gender has an impact on Sustainable Investment Preferences.

Sex Selection – Cultural and Ethical Issues

This lecture on “Sex Selection – Cultural and Ethical Issues” delves into the complex and controversial topic of sex selection, exploring its technological, cultural, and ethical implications. While there is an argument of parent autonomy and their rights to choose and have the option to control and design their family structure, the topic of designing one’s own family is still considered highly contentious as well as controversial. At first glance, such a practice seems quite justifiable as the technology enables parents to avoid having disabled children and serious genetic disorders and maintain balance in the family structure. Yet, on the slippery slope and fine line drawn between what is justifiable and acceptable and what is a definite strong NO, people have become increasingly misguided and ill steered into a rather dark and mischievous side of the practice of sex selection. The lecture begins by discussing the cultural aspects of sex selection, examining how different societies view gender preferences and how these preferences impact reproductive choices. It explores historical perspectives and cultural norms that influence the desire for a specific sex, highlighting variations across regions and communities. The existing patriarchal traditions in most of the Asian countries, masculine hegemony, female seclusion, social and cultural norms with regards to gender roles all contribute to a male biased sex selection. As the Chinese say, “With one son you have a descendant, with ten daughters you have nothing”, and Amartya Sen has rightly stated the concept of ‘missing girls’, the social norms of preference for a son has led to a situation of ‘floating men’ or ‘bare branches’ or ‘surplus males’. These skewed sex ratios are a threat to the society in ways that may not be realised at the moment. Women-trafficking, expansion of prostitution, young surplus males failing to find partners will be prone to pursue satisfaction through vice and violence, which may intensify socially disruptive behaviour, low self-esteem, rape, anti-social behaviour, threatening regional and international security. While at the national level, all south Asian countries have taken a paternalistic approach by making strict regulations regarding the abortion and female feticide (sex selective abortion SSA), what remains to be addressed is the society’s mind-set towards ending discrimination at the womb. Couples in such societies are under constant coercive forces in their family and outside, for sex selection, and may perhaps be stigmatized by their society for not having a male child. So, is it even up-to the parents at all to decide their family structure? The evidence shows that banning SSA is not enough to control SSA; banning SSA resembles treating a disease but not the cause of the disease. Women’s devaluation in many Asian societies is embedded in religious beliefs and traditional cultural practices, and uprooting this culture may not be easy and immediate. A good stewardship approach is what is the need of the hour, wherein, the countries develop and implement policies, legislations, and programs within a holistic context, addressing women’s education deficit, rights, socioeconomic disadvantage, health, and nutrition, living conditions, so that they are not perceived as ‘Paraya Dhan’, meaning someone else’s property, but seen as independent, empowered members of the society.

Boundary management preferences from a gender and cross-cultural perspective

Although work is increasingly globalized and mediated by technology, little research has accumulated on the role of culture in shaping individuals' preferences regarding the segmentation or integration of their work and family roles. This study examines the relationships between gender egalitarianism (the extent a culture has a fluid understanding of gender roles and promotes gender equality), gender, and boundary management preferences across 27 countries/territories. Based on a sample of 9362 employees, we found that the pattern of the relationship between gender egalitarianism and boundary management depends on the direction of segmentation preferences. Individuals from more gender egalitarian societies reported lower preferences to segment family-from-work (i.e., protect the work role from the family role); however, gender egalitarianism was not directly associated with preferences to segment work-from-family. Moreover, gender was associated with both boundary management directions such that women preferred to segment family-from-work and work-from-family more so than did men. As theorized, we found gender egalitarianism moderated the relationship between gender and segmentation preferences such that women's desire to protect family from work was stronger in lower (vs. higher) gender egalitarianism cultures. Contrary to expectations, women reported a greater preference to protect work from family than men regardless of gender egalitarianism. Implications for boundary management theory and the cross-national work-family literature are discussed.

Influence of Sex Preference on Demand for a Child in Bangladesh

If son preference were to affect the demand for additional children then, within any parity, those with one or more sons would be more likely not to want more children as compared to those who did not have any sons. Conversely, if the desire for a balance sex composition was to affect fertility within a given parity, respondent who had either all sons or all daughters would be more likely to want additional children as compared to those who had children of both sexes. Data from BDHS 2017 clearly indicates a significant evidence of son preference in Bangladesh. The findings indicate that whenever gender preferences would be eliminated, the percentage of respondents who did not want more children would be increased approximately by 10 percent. Finally, we conclude that further reduction of fertility to achieve replacement level is unlikely without considerable reduction in the desire of male children or sex preferences. International Journal of Statistical Sciences, Vol. 23(2), November, 2023, pp 117-127

Trajectories of Peer Play Disconnection and Predictive Factors in Early Childhood

Objectives: This study examined the longitudinal development trajectories of peer play disconnection in early childhood and investigated individual and environmental influencing factors.Methods: Data from 1,018 young children of the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) from the 5th to 7th waves were used. Latent Growth Curve Modeling was applied using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 20.0 to analyze the trajectories of play disconnection and predictive factors.Results: Peer play disconnection increased linearly during early childhood, with significant individual differences in the intercept and slope. Gender, sociality, language development, teacher interaction, and institute preference were factors that reduced the initial value of play disconnection in peer play. Higher reported negative emotionality and marital conflicts were associated with higher initial values of play disconnection. The rate of change in play disconnection was influenced by negative emotionality, activity, language development, teacher interaction, institute preference, and the media use of games and smartphones.Conclusion: Play disconnection in peer play tends to increase continuously, with temperament and language development, media use, and institutional factors influencing this increase. Negative emotionality and activity are associated with a significant increase in play disconnection, while language development and institutional factors may be noted as protective factors affecting the continuous increase in play disconnection. In addition, the increase in the use of screen games and smartphones has been shown to contribute to a rapid increase in play disconnection during early childhood. A theoretical and practical discussion is provided on preventing increased play disconnection in peer play.

Analisis Perilaku Konsumsi terhadap Kartu Kredit PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) TBK Wilayah Sumba Barat

This study aims to analyze consumption behavior towards the use of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) credit cards. This research uses a quantitative approach by collecting data through an online survey to BRI credit card holders. The sample of this study consisted of 32 respondents who were randomly selected. The variables analyzed include factors that influence credit card consumption behavior, such as income, perceptions of credit cards, shopping habits, gender, age, occupation and credit card usage preferences. The purpose of this research is to see how influential the lifestyle and environment in West Sumba Regency which can be said to be still developing, this research uses a descriptive qualitative approach.