Gender Orientation Research Articles

WHAT IS BEING DONE FOR A GENDER-FRIENDLY CAMPUS CLIMATE? UNITED STATES AND TURKEY AS A CASE

Today, the process of learning is as important as the content of it as learning environments are part of the individual development. A gender-friendly campus climate that aims to create equal conditions for each student and aspires to prevent exclusion and marginalization caused by gender or sexual orientation is extremely important for the efficiency of education and individual development. Different organizations such as university administrations, feminist organizations, student and academic groups carry out various studies to constitute and maintain a gender-friendly campus climate. This article studies the collective implementations the US and Turkish Universities have been conducting to create a gender-friendly campus climate in the years of 2018 and 2019. At the end of the study, it is observed that the public sensitivity caused by adversity experienced by individuals has been an important aspect for the institutions to take action towards a gender-friendly campus climate. Moreover, research and studies of leading feminist academics have been an important fraction to guiding these steps. Also it has been enquired that ‘a standard implementation system to create a Gender-friendly campus climate’ cannot be the subject matter for every institution regardless of the country or location works in accordance within its own culture and structure.

Commentary on the Action Plan to Modernize Gender, Sex and Sexual Orientation Information Practices in Canadian Digital Health Systems

Commentary on the Action Plan to Modernize Gender, Sex and Sexual Orientation Information Practices in Canadian Digital Health Systems

Sexual Prejudice in the Portuguese Political Context

Sexual prejudice is a negative attitude toward an individual due to their belonging to a group defined by sexual minority behaviors, attractions, or orientations. As no studies assessing sexual prejudice levels among self-identified politicians have been conducted in Portugal, this study was carried out to address this gap in the literature. In addition, we sought to compare differences in levels of sexual prejudice by gender, religiosity, and political orientation. The sample consisted of 302 self-identified active politicians in Portugal, of whom 157 were men (52%) and 145 were women (48%), with an average age of 45.98 years. Study measurement instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Sexual Prejudice Scale in the Portuguese Political Context. Participants responded to this study’s outreach online, and they received emails that referred them directly to the online survey. The principal results show that, despite moderate overall levels of sexual prejudice among the sample, men and participants with right-wing general, social, and fiscal political views demonstrated significantly higher sexual prejudice scores. Negative levels of political engagement and negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men were significant predictors of sexual prejudice. It is very important to raise awareness of this phenomenon among both politicians and the general public, so that it can be addressed accordingly.

Understanding the Lived Experiences of Hispanic Sexual Minority Youth and their Parents.

Disclosure of sexual identity and/or gender orientation is difficult for youth and is associated with elevated adverse health risks, particularly when there is parental rejection. There are limited studies conducted with Hispanic sexual minority youth (HSMY) and their families to understand the disclosure process, how the family unit changes and adapts following disclosure, and the implications for preventive interventions for HSMY and their families. This paper explores the lived experiences of youth and parents throughout the disclosure process. A phenomenological approach was used to interview 15 parent-youth dyads (N = 30) to understand what it means for Hispanic youth to disclose their sexual identity and/or gender orientation. Three themes that best described the experience emerged from the participant interviews; the experience of disclosing included intrapersonal challenges, navigating disclosure, and conceptualizing acceptance. The authors highlight implications for preventive interventions that can help these families undergoing the unique process of disclosure.

Victimization of LGBT Community in India

After the decision of Hon’ble Supreme Court in Suresh Kumar Kaushal v. Naz Foundation where court set aside the order of High Court by terming same section relationship illegal court focuses its idea by saying that Section 377 does not violate Article 14, 19 and 21. Through this research, researcher will trying to analyze the effectiveness of section 377, how is it being implemented on ground level, various issues and challenges faced by LGBT’s faced in India despite of certain laws in their favor and give some recommendations for better implementation of laws and protection of gay-rights as human rights if needed. LGBT has become a widely accepted designation for minorities based on sexual and gender orientation. All members of these subgroups are subject to similar prejudices rooted in beliefs and traditions about sexuality and gender. LGBT people, as members of a social minority group, are suffering from various forms of socio-economic and cultural injustice. The lacks of social recognition has an effect on the capacity of LGBT people to fully access and enjoy their rights as citizens. They are more likely to experience intolerance, discrimination, harassment, and the threat of violence due to their sexual orientation, than those that identify themselves as heterosexual. Highlighting some major problems faced by LGBT people in India is the theme of this article.

Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Transgender and Intersex Individuals Among Medical Students and Health Care Providers of Karachi, Pakistan

Background: Transgender and intersex individuals face numerous hurdles in accessing health facilities. Furthermore, there is no formal training for the provision of care for such a vulnerable population. This study explores the knowledge and attitude of medical students and Healthcare Providers (HCPs) about transgender and intersex individuals in Karachi. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of a government medical college and HCPs, from August to September 2019. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and attitude of study participants, towards intersex and transgender individuals. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Results: Of the 200 participants, 171 returned the complete questionnaire with a response rate of 85.5%. There were 100(58.5%) females and 71(41.5%) males, with 93(54.4%) medical students and 78(45.6%) HCPs. All study participants were familiar with the term transgender, whereas 138(80.7%) reported having heard the term intersex, whereas 35(20.5%) regarded the conditions as a mental illness. Knowledge of PMC code regarding gender orientation was significantly higher in HCPs than medical students (41% vs 14%, p<0.001). Medical students were more in favor of corrective surgery to be performed (61.3%) as compared to the HCPs (43.6%) (p=0.02). Conclusion: Even though medical students and HCPs were familiar with transgender and intersex terms yet there were different misconceptions regarding them. However, our target population was willing to learn the healthcare needs of such individuals. It is recommended that the latest guidelines regarding gender spectrum are taught in the medical curriculum.

THE CHANGING OF THE MAIN CHARACTER’S IDENTITY IN MOVIE JUST CHARLIE (2017)

Society constructs gender to distinguish the sexes of men and women. They believe that human is only born with two types male and female. Those are included in the term heteronormativity who have only two gender or sexual orientation options. Queer refers to people who have a gender identity or sexual orientation that differs from their biological gender. One of the terms Queer is Transgender which is a term for someone who needs recognition of gender identity from anatomical gender assigned at birth, or those who are considered ambiguous in their gender. Society finds it difficult to accept the existence of transgender because of the heteronormative. The experience of the story felt by transgender people is represented in the film Just Charlie (2017). This study aims to examine how gender identity is performed in the Just Charlie (2017) and how is the response of society. The theory used in this analysis is Judith Butler's "Queer" theory, specifically Butler’s gender performativity. This qualitative study has resulted in two findings. First, the main character showed the major terms of gender performativity such as an act of cross-dressing, repetition, and revelation. Second, although the United Kingdom is a liberal country, people still cannot be free to choose their gender preference. This study proved that gender performativity makes the identity of gender not only determined by the sexual genital from birth but also something act repeatedly.

Health care for LGBTI+ elders living in Nursing Homes.

to describe and analyze the scientific production on health care for Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transvestites, Transsexuals, Transgenders, Intersex (LGBTI+) and other variations of gender or sexual orientation living in Nursing Homes (NHs). a scoping review, in which PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Virtual Health Library databases were analyzed and studies from other sources were added. After assessment by two independent reviewers, 19 publications were selected to compose the sample. the studies were grouped into two categories. NHs are configured as spaces that are not very inclusive, where LGBTI+ elders' demands are not considered due to the cis-heteronormativity in force in these places. Training and awareness of health professionals on the LGBTI+ theme is a tool that can make such spaces more inclusive for this population.

Real Time Gender Classification using Convolutional Neural Network

This paper presents real time gender classification using Convolutional Neural Network. Automatic classification of gender has become important to an growing array of applications particularly with the emergence of web networks and social media. Slavery was a significant moral problem in the nineteenth century. It was a struggle toward fascism in the modern period. The fight for gender equality across the world, as well as the need to divide gender for meaningful purposes, would, we conclude, be the most critical moral issue of this century. Differences are needed at different places, such as restrooms for men and restrooms for women; attire for men and attire for women; and so on, in order to plan and advance further in the technological sector. To decrease crime rates, to place the advertisements in malls precisely attracting more people based on gender, to keep track of genders in respective toilets or in trains, for personal services, etc. The authors propose the gender classification dilemma for real-time applications, in which a tool decides if the faces within the exposure belong to a female or a male. The primary fundamental region of experimentation in this venture is adjusting a few already distributed, successful designs utilized for gender orientation classification. Generally, facial structure variations have an effect on gender classification accuracy considerably, as a result of facial form and skin texture modification as they become old. This requires re- examination on the sexual orientation classification framework. By learning representations through the utilization of deep-convolutional neural networks (CNN), a major increase in performance is obtained on these tasks.

Gender Inequality and the Direction of Ideas: Evidence from #MeToo

Does the #MeToo movement affect the gender orientation of ideas and who develops which types of ideas? We examine these questions in the context of Hollywood. Since #MeToo affected the entire industry, we use variation in whether producers had past collaborations with Harvey Weinstein to discern the movement’s impact. We find that relative to non-associated producers, there is, on average, no significant change in the likelihood of developing female-protagonist stories by Weinstein-associated producers after #MeToo versus before, despite the fact that they now work substantially more with female writers. This is because, among projects by Weinstein-associated producers, female writers are significantly less likely than male writers to work on female-protagonist stories after #MeToo. Moreover, compared to their non-associated counterparts, the depiction of female protagonists by Weinstein-associated producers after #MeToo is less traditionally feminine. Overall, our findings suggest that #MeToo may have helped mitigate the frictions and biases that prevent female talent from exploring parts of the idea space that are typically associated with men and may have shaped the nature of female-oriented works.

Politik Seksualitas Dan Keberadaan LGBT Di Indonesia Terhadap Kebijakan Negara

ABSTRACT
 The purpose of this study is to discuss the meaning of sex and gender orientation is for LGBT, to analyze it the discourse of Foucault and Freud's sexuality, then whether countries have provided a sense of security and social security relating to the identity of LGBT people. Indonesian people tend to have homophobic attitudes towards LGBT. This discriminatory attitude from the community comes because of insufficient language to interpret one's gender identity. The language that is mastered by Indonesian people are binary, male or female, if it is not included in the grouping it will be considered abnormal as LGBT gender identity. This research method by analyzing the literature that the author summarizes and uses the discourse of Foucault and Freud's sexuality. The results of this study that LGBT still experience discrimination in the community, while the Constitution is not yet able to protect the problem of discrimination. The conclusions from the results of the analysis and a collection of several research results which the author summarizes, clearly say that Indonesia is a country that does not protect and does not guarantee the rights of LGBT people.
 Keywords: LGBT, Politics of Sexuality, State Policy. 

PARENTAL INFLUENCE ON A CHILD'S GENDER IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT IN LAURIE FRANKEL'S THIS IS HOW IT ALWAYS IS

Social aspects, including parents, are likely to influence the development of gender identity. As parents' actions and behaviours convey meaning to their children, they contribute to the formation of the children's gender identity development. The present study aims to investigate the parental influence on the gender identity development of a child character named Claude in Laurie Frankel's This Is How It Always Is. This study is a literary criticism concerning the issue of gender identity development in a literary work viewed from a psychological approach. The data were collected from a novel entitled This Is How It Always Is by Laurie Frankel and analyzed using the social cognitive theory of gender development by Bussey Bandura (1999). The results of the study revealed that his parents influence Claude's gender identity development through the process of modelling as a part of observational learning, which is also supported by parents' evaluative reactions such as rewards or punishments. The process of modelling reveals egalitarian gender roles and sexual orientation modelled and Claude's attention to his mother as an ideal female model, alongside with how parents convey affective reactions such as acceptance and approval on Claude's gender orientation.

Gender Role and Supervisory Styles of Public-School Heads

The study focused on the administrative and supervisory functions of male and female school heads in public schools of Cebu City Division. The key informants were school heads and teachers from sixteen districts in Cebu City Division. The school head informants were chosen according to the number of administrative and instructional experience. The school heads had at least five years leadership experience. The teacher informants were chosen at random by the researcher. The main instrument of the study was the researcher and the key informants. The study utilized interview guides covering different areas of administrative management and instructional leadership function. In administrative management the informants were interviewed about the distinct practices of male and female school heads involving human research management, physical facilities management, fiscal management, data management, linkage management, communication and conflict management. In instructional leadership function, the key informants talked about the distinct practices of male and female school heads in instructional supervision, curriculum leadership and staff development. Based on the findings of the study, the following propositions were drawn: one, administrative function could be gauged by physical facilities, teacher behavior and student development; two, instructional leadership is contributed by learning performance outcome and teacher competence; third, gender bears the administrative function and instructional leadership. From the different propositions mentioned, this theory was generated, Tan’s Gender Role Orientation Theory of Institutional Management. After the conduct of the study and the theory generated, it is revealed that administrative and instructional leadership styles of male and female school heads can be influenced by gender orientation.

Intersectional Stigma and Barriers to Mental Health Among Older Adults With HIV in San Francisco

For older adults with HIV, forms of privilege and oppression (racism, poverty, limited access to quality education, and inequalities in criminal justice system) intersect with stigmatized social identities (immigrant status, non-cisgender identity, sexual orientation, depression, and addiction) that may increase cumulative burden of psychological distress, contribute to poor clinical outcomes, and create disparities in health care utilization. Using survey and focus group data from the San Francisco ROAH 2.0 (Research on Older Adults with HIV) site, we explored how layered intersectional identities (minority affiliation, gender and sexual orientation), life experiences (immigration, trauma) and forms of systemic oppression (poverty, low educational attainment, and incarceration) impact the utilization of mental health supportive services. Immigrants, minority women, and heterosexual men had higher burdens of depression compared to their white counterparts. Similarly, inhabiting multiple stigmatized identities resulted in both low and variable levels of mental health care utilization, suggesting need for targeted intervention efforts.

Gender violence: marketplace violence and symbolic violence in social movements

ABSTRACT Drawing on a retrospective case study involving LGBTQ populations and the tobacco industry, we demonstrate how a duplicitous stance by Big Tobacco illuminates the ways that symbolic violence is perpetrated on consumers. We define marketplace violence as the actions and narratives of powerful market actors that perpetuate inequalities that less powerful market actors experience. This research delineates how marketplace relationships perpetuate gender and sexual orientation discrimination, and how powerful market actors engage in invidious action under the guise of community support, thereby undermining community-based social movements.

Enhancing Women’s Empowerment: Evidence from Tamilnadu

Rural women play a critical role in the rural economies of both developed and developing countries. This alludes to country women’s impression of their situation in the family just as in-network. From the Gender and Development viewpoint, the reason for women’s absence of admittance to land is situated in auxiliary imbalances concerning work jobs and frameworks of possession. Gender orientation and Development scholars accept that women ought not to be essentially outfitted with occupations yet ought to be legitimately engaged to possess and control their property. Incountry territories, women are included more in family unit exercises contrasting with metropolitan regions; thus, they are not in any event, getting chances for essential examinations including social exercises and spending for things they wan unreservedly. While the women living in metropolitan urban communities just as more modest urban areas can distinguish themselves with any women connected program or join a development associated with women and can want to partake in that for their advantage, the metropolitan rustic separation and disengage in India keeps similar advantages from arriving at the women people living in our towns. Another significant disadvantage and distinction between both the classifications of women are that the dominant part of women in provincial India as of now, in the age section of 35-65 years, have been avoided any type of formal education. Women in metropolitan territories have more equivalent sex inclinations and more prominent impact in every day homegrown and life course choices than women in rustic regions. Women living in metropolitan territories additionally are bound to report at the same time young lady or equivalent inclination and a more noteworthy state in choices about children.

Democracy’s Disparity? Gender, Equality, and the 2020 Iowa Caucuses

The Iowa caucuses are often praised for exemplifying the ideal of deliberative democracy. From this perspective, voters come together publicly on equal footing to debate and choose their preferred presidential candidate. Critics contend, however, that the caucus process is not as democratic as supporters believe. In practice, they claim, caucuses mirror power asymmetries rooted in society-based differences based on gender, race, or sexual orientation. To assess these competing claims, we test whether there is a relationship between group identity and the degree of comfort Iowa voters feel expressing an opinion during the deliberative process. Using interviews, observations, and results from a survey taken by 1024 Iowan voters, we find data consistent with both perspectives. Men and women are generally comfortable voicing beliefs at the caucus, but men more so. Additionally, women are more likely than men to feel social pressure to vote a certain way, discuss their candidate choice with others, and express a sense of community through the process. We conclude that female participants are more open and sociable than men while attending a caucus, but less assertive in sharing their opinions. Based on this criterion, we determine that the Iowa caucuses, while generally approximating the ideal of deliberative democracy, are nonetheless less democratic than its proponents contend.

Do discurso de ódio homofóbico à resistência lgbtqia+: uma análise das mensagens publicadas nas redes sociais

As redes sociais representam um importante instrumento de comunicação e interatividade entre os indivíduos, diminuindo distâncias emocionais e possibilitando o contato com uma infinidade de discursos e informações, que podem contribuir para a convivência harmônica na sociedade ou provocar comportamentos discriminatórios e violentos entre os sujeitos. Dentro dessa perspectiva, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar algumas mensagens, publicadas no Facebook e Twitter, de modo que possamos verificar os prováveis discursos homofóbicos e de resistência, propagados nesses espaços virtuais referentes à temática LGBTQIA+. Nosso estudo de caso segue fundamentado nas reflexões de Borrillo (2016), Furlani (2008), Valadares e Almeida (2018), entre outros, de maneira que possamos compreender os prováveis impactos, negativos e/ou positivos, de tais mensagens na convivência e respeito às diferenças de gênero e orientações afetivossexuais. Adotamos como hipótese a premissa de que as redes sociais constituem um dos espaços com elevado índice de discriminação às diferentes expressões da sexualidade, em consequência da distância física entre opressor e oprimido, da possibilidade de anonimato ou perfil de usuário fake e do provável tipo de educação sexual pelo qual os indivíduos foram educados. No decorrer da análise, ratificaremos o pressuposto de que existe em parte das mensagens analisadas um forte discurso de caráter homotransfóbico nas redes sociais arraigados por uma educação sexual moral-tradicionalista e religiosa-radical. Desse modo, esperamos que essa reflexão contribua para uma mudança de comportamento entre os sujeitos, levando-os a assumirem uma postura mais empática, respeitando as diferentes expressões de gênero e orientações afetivossexuais, nos variados espaços de convivência social, virtual ou físico.

Gender Identity and Assignment Recommendations in Disorders of Sex Development Patients: 20 Years’ Experience and Challenges

Objective:Gender assignment in infants and children with disorders of sex development (DSD) is a stressful situation for both patient/families and medical professionals.Methods:The purpose of this study was to investigate the results of gender assignment recommendations in children with DSD in our clinic from 1999 through 2019.Results:The mean age of the 226 patients with DSD at the time of first admission were 3.05±4.70 years. 50.9% of patients were 46,XY DSD, 42.9% were 46,XX DSD and 6.2% were sex chromosome DSD. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (majority of patients had 21-hydroxylase deficiency) was the most common etiological cause of 46,XX DSD. In 46,XX patients, 87 of 99 (89.7%) were recommended to be supported as a female, 6 as a male, and 4 were followed up. In 46,XY patients, 40 of 115 (34.8%) were recommended to be supported as a female, and 70 as male (60.9%), and 5 were followed up. In sex chromosome DSD patients, 3 of 14 were recommended to be supported as a female, 9 as a male. The greatest difficulty in making gender assignment recommendations were in the 46,XY DSD group.Conclusion:In DSD gender assignment recommendations, the etiologic diagnosis, psychiatric gender orientation, expectation of the family, phallus length and Prader stage were effective in the gender assignment in DSD cases, especially the first two criteria. It is important to share these experiences among the medical professionals who are routinely charged with this difficult task in multidisciplinary councils.

Microaggressions Experienced by LGBTQ Students With Disabilities

While research on microaggressions has exploded, most scholarship explores singular dimensions of identity, including race, gender, or sexual orientation. To date, little work has considered the experiences of LGBTQ students with disabilities. We compared microaggressions reported by 25 LGBTQ students with disabilities to existing taxonomies, revealing 126 disability microaggressions and 53 LGBTQ microaggressions. Microaggressions not corresponding to taxonomies were grouped into eight categories. Participants noted identity management issues that influenced their experience of microaggressions.