Gender Matching Research Articles

S218 Prevalence and Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Associated Colitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can trigger an overactivation of the immune system, resulting in an autoimmune-like process in various organ systems. Involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been frequently reported in literature. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and disease outcomes of ICI colitis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using TriNetX, a multi-institutional database of more than 70 million patients from 49 healthcare organizations in the USA. ICI colitis cohort included patients on Nivolumab, Ipilimumab, Pembrolizumab, Atezolizumb, Durvalumab, Avelumab or Cemiplimab who developed colitis within 1 year of initiation of ICI. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), GI infections and intestinal ischemia were excluded from the study. Disease outcomes that were evaluated included hospitalization, oral/IV steroid use, biologic use and mortality within 3 months of ICI colitis. Disease outcomes between patients on CTLA-4 inhibitor and PD-1 inhibitor; and CTLA-4 inhibitor and PD-L1 inhibitor were compared after 1:1 propensity matching for age, gender, race and ethnicity and reported as adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Out of 57,067 patients on ICIs, 4128 (7.23%) patients developed ICI colitis (mean age 64 ± 12, male 56%, Caucasian 77%). The prevalence of ICI colitis was 5.9% in Pembrolizumab, 15.5% in Ipilimumab, 5.5% in Nivolumab, 3% in Durvalumab, 5.8% in Atezolizumab, 3% in Cemiplimab and 2.8% in Avelumab. 34% required hospitalization, 44% required oral steroids, 6.6% required IV steroids, 6% required a biologic agent and 0.2% required colectomy (Figure). 90-day mortality was observed in 15% of patients. Patients with ICI colitis from CTLA-4 inhibitors were more likely to require oral steroids [aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.33-1.98], IV steroids [1.54, 1.15-2.07] and infliximab [OR 2.18, 1.62-2.91] compared to those on PD-1 inhibitors. Patients with ICI colitis from CTLA-4 inhibitors were also more likely to require oral steroids [aOR 3.33, 95% CI 2.36-4.69], IV steroids [2.45, 1.49-4.02] and infliximab [OR 7.35, 3.73-14.50] compared to those on PD-L1 inhibitors (Table). Conclusion: Approximately 50% of patients with ICI colitis require either PO or IV steroids. Patients on CTLA-4 inhibitors are more likely to have a worse disease course compared to patients on PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors.Figure 1.: Clinical outcomes of the patients with ICI colitis Oral steroids: Prednisone or Budesonide; IV steroids: Methylprednisolone; Biologic: Infliximab or Vedolizumab; Surgical intervention: total or subtotal colectomy Table 1. - Comparison of the clinical outcomes between patients that developed Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor colitis vs Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor associated colitis and CTLA-4 inhibitor colitis vs Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor colitis Clinical Outcomes CTLA-4 vs PD-L1 (OR, CI) CTLA-4 vs PD-1 (OR, CI) Oral steroids 3.333 (2.368-4.693) 1.626 (1.334-1.982) IV steroids 2.450 (1.491-4.025) 1.546 (1.154-2.071) Infliximab 7.355 (3.73, 14.502) 2.175 (1.625-2.912) Hospitalization 1.256 (0.73-1.621) 1.096 (0.916-1.31) ICU care 1.00 (0.626, 1.596) 0.972 (0.697-1.354) CTLA-4 inhibitor: Ipilimumab; PD-1 inhibitor: pembrolizumab, and nivolumab; PD-L1 inhibitor: avelumab, atezolizumab and durvalumab.

Musculoskeletal Diseases Role in the Frailty Syndrome: A Case-Control Study.

Frailty syndrome severely burdens older age, and musculoskeletal diseases are of paramount importance in its development. The aim of this study is to unravel the contribution of musculoskeletal diseases to frailty syndrome. This is a case–control study, and we enrolled 55 robust community-dwelling age- and gender-matched patients, with 58 frail and pre-frail subjects. Frailty was diagnosed according to the Fried criteria (FP), and the Fragility Index (FI) was calculated. In all the subjects, a comprehensive geriatric assessment was carried out. Their nutritional status was evaluated by the Mini Nutritional Assessment and Bioelectrical Impedance Analyses. Their bone density (BMD), bone turnover, muscle mass, strength and performance were evaluated. Here, we show that the prevalence of frailty varies according to the diagnostic criteria used and that FP and FI showed a moderate to good agreement. Despite age and gender matching, frail subjects had lower muscle strength, performance and BMD. Their quality of life and cognitive performance were reduced in the frail subjects compared to the robust ones. Muscular strength and performance, together with mood, significantly predicted the diagnosis of frailty, whereas BMD and bone turnover did not. In conclusion, we show that sarcopenia plays a pivotal role in predicting the diagnosis of frailty, whereas osteoporosis does not.

Serum ferritin level and B12 in a sample of Iraqi re-current aphthous stomatitis patients

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral mucosal disorders with a prevalence of 50-66%. The prevalence of hematinic deficiencies including ferritin and vitamin B12 deficiencies and their role in the prophylaxis and development of RAS is not well known. Many studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of hematinic deficiencies in patients with RAS. This study aimed to compare the serum level of ferritin and vitamin B12 in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers and healthy controls. Subjects, Materials and Methods: The data were collected from patients who needed blood analysis to exclude anemia from November 2020 to May 2021. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. After recording patients' demographics ( age, gender, occupation, address) 5ml of blood was drawn from patients and controls in educational laboratories centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, then serum was stored at -20°C till the time of assessment of both serum ferritin and vitamin B12. The data were expressed as Mean ± SD. Students Unpaired t-test was used for comparing biochemical parameters between patients and controls and a p-value of <0.05 was considered as a statistically significant while a p-value of<0.001 was considered highly statistically significant. Results: A total of 30 RAS patients and 30 healthy control with age and gender matches were included. In the present study statistically, significant differences were observed in the serum level of ferritin and vitamin B12 between the two groups, 40% of the patients had low serum ferritin levels and 56.6 % of the patients had low serum vitamin B12 levels. Conclusion: Measuring serum ferritin and vitamin B12 levels are necessary for patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. It is also important for recurrent aphthous ulcer patients to have a nutritional diet containing iron and vitamin B12 to prevent the recurrence of aphthous ulceration

Gender match and negotiation: evidence from angel investment on Shark Tank

Using comprehensive data of 4893 interactions from the popular television show Shark Tank, we test whether gender match with entrepreneurs correlates with investors’ likelihood to extend funding offers. We find female investors are 35% more likely to engage with female (rather than male) entrepreneurs, while less systematic gender preferences emerge for male investors. Heterogeneity analyses suggest this result remains exclusive to non-male-dominated product categories, lending support to the industry representation hypothesis. We also find it is exclusive to ventures with lower asking valuations. Estimates are robust to the inclusion of a comprehensive set of control variables (such as asking valuation, investor-, and season-fixed effects) and a range of alternative specifications.

Sex education for adolescents: Indonesian nurse educators’ experience as parents

Abstract Objectives Sex education toward adolescent remains the most controversial subject due to the various thoughts and ideas of different values present in society. Nurse educators as parents must exemplify sex education to their children. The aim of this present study was to explore parents’ experience, with nurse educators background to be exact, on how they convey sex education to their children. Methods This study is a descriptive qualitative study, and the sample is recruited by using the purposive sampling technique. The qualified participants filled in the informed consent, provided demographic data, and were interviewed. Saturation data were obtained at the 6th interview in this study. The interview is transcribed to find themes and subthemes using conventional content analysis. Results We derived 3 main themes: parents’ approach, sex education topic, and children's reaction. Parents’ approach contained 4 subthemes, namely, gender match, parent–child closeness, media, and attitude. Sex education topic included 5 subthemes of bodily autonomy, health and safety, reproductive anatomy, puberty-related changes, and how to maintain healthiness. Children's reaction experiences also included 4 subthemes of uncomfortable, questioning, acknowledging, and laughing. Conclusions As a matter of fact, some parents in eastern countries, such as Indonesia, conveyed sex education to their children. Children might have various reactions to that topic, but it is important to keep them safe, especially in reproductive health, regardless of the culture or tradition. Based on nurse educators as exemplifiers, nurses and nursing students might acquire the picture in conveying sex education to adolescents.

Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance evaluates changes of cerebral blood flow in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.

The patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for more than 80% of the patients with brain injury. Most patients with mTBI have no abnormalities in CT examination. Therefore, most patients choose to self-care and recover rather than seeking medical treatment. In fact, mTBI may result in persistent cognitive decline and neurobehavioral dysfunction. In addition, changes occurred in neurochemistry, metabolism, and cells after injury may cause changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), which is one of the causes of secondary injury and slow brain repair. This study aims to evaluate the changes of CBF with the progression of the disease in patients with mTBI based on arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging technology. In the outpatient or emergency department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 43 mTBI patients were collected as an mTBI group, and 43 normal subjects with age, gender, and education level matching served as a control group. They all received clinical neuropsychology and cognitive function evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging. In the mTBI group, 22 subjects were followed up at acute phase, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months. Based on the control group, the abnormal regions of CBF in the whole brain of mTBI patients were analyzed. The abnormal regions were taken as the regions of interest (ROI). The correlation of the values of the CBF in ROIs with clinical indications, cognitive function, and the changes of CBF in ROI at each time point during the follow-up were analyzed. Compared with the control group, the CBF in the bilateral dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and auxiliary motor areas in the cortical region, as well as the right putamen, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and parahippocampus in the subcutaneous regions in the acute phase of the mTBI group were significantly increased (all P<0.01, TFCE-FWE correction). The analysis results of correlation of CBF with neuropsychology and cognitive domain showed that in the mTBI group, whole brain (r=0.528, P<0.001), right caudate nucleus (r=0.512, P<0.001), putamen (r=0.486, P<0.001), and globus pallidus (r=0.426, P=0.006) values of the were positively correlated with Backward Digit Span Test (BDST) score (reflectting working memory ability), and the right globus pallidus CBF was negatively correlated with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Cheeklist-CivilianVersion (PCL-C) score (r=-0.402, P=0.010). Moreover, the follow-up study showed that abnormal CBF in these areas had not been restored. The correlation of CBF was negatively correlated with PCL-C and BDST at 1 months, 3 months, and 12 months (all P>0.05). The elevated CBF value is one of the stress characteristics of brain injury in the mTBI patients at the acute phase. There is abnormal elevation of CBF values in multiple cortex or subcortical areas. Multi-time point studies show that there is no obvious change of CBF in abnormal areas, suggesting that potential clinical treatment is urgently needed for the mTBI patients.

Gender Disparity in Surgical Device Patents: A Five-year Trend From Canada and the United States

IntroductionDespite an increasing number of women pursuing careers in science, engineering, and medicine, gender disparities in patents persist. This study sought to analyze trends in inventor's gender for surgical device patents filed and granted in Canada and the United States from 2015 to 2019. MethodsThis study analyzed patents filed and granted by the Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO) in the category of “Diagnosis; Surgery; Identification” and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in the category of “Surgery” from 2015 to 2019. The gender of the patent applicants was determined using a gender algorithm that predicts gender based on first names. Gender matches with names having a probability of less than 95% were excluded. ResultsWe identified 14,312 inventors on patents filed and 12,737 inventors on patents granted by the CIPO for “Diagnosis; Surgery; Identification”. In the USPTO category of “Surgery,” we identified 75,890 inventors on patents filed and 44,842 inventors on patents granted. Female inventors accounted for 7%-10% of inventors from 2015 to 2019 for both patents filed and granted. The proportion of female inventors on patents granted was significantly lower than for patents filed for four of the 5 y analyzed for both the USPTO and CIPO. ConclusionsFemale representation in surgical device patenting has stagnated, between 7 and 10%, from 2015 to 2019 in Canada and the United States. This underrepresentation of female inventors in surgical device patenting represents sizable gender disparity.

Altered time-varying local spontaneous brain activity pattern in patients with high myopia: a dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations study.

To investigate the abnormal time-varying local spontaneous brain activity in patients with high myopia (HM) on the basis of the dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF) approach. Age and gender matching were performed based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 86 HM patients and 87 healthy controls (HCs). Local spontaneous brain activities were evaluated using the time-varying dALFF method. Support vector machine combined with the radial basis function kernel was used for pattern classification analysis. Inter-group comparison between HCs and HM patients has demonstrated that dALFF variability in the left inferior frontal gyrus (orbital part), left lingual gyrus, right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and right calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex was decreased in HM patients, while increased in the left thalamus, left paracentral lobule, and left inferior parietal (except supramarginal and angular gyri). Pattern classification between HM patients and HCs displayed a classification accuracy of 85.5%. In this study, the findings mentioned above have suggested the association between local brain activities of HM patients and abnormal variability in brain regions performing visual sensorimotor and attentional control functions. Several useful information has been provided to elucidate the mechanism-related alterations of the myopic nervous system. In addition, the significant role of abnormal dALFF variability has been highlighted to achieve an in-depth comprehension of the pathological alterations and neuroimaging mechanisms in the field of HM.

Improving Performance Feedback Perceptions Through Motivating Language Use

Abstract This study examines the link between leader motivating language and follower performance feedback perceptions It also explores whether follower/leader gender compositions moderate this relationship. Results show that a follower’s performance feedback perceptions benefit from a leader’s use of motivating language. This relationship is further positively moderated by the presence of certain follower/leader gender matches and mismatches. The results provide support for a stronger use of motivating language in diverse workforces. This characteristic gives motivating language the potential to support diversity in organizations. Implications of the study’s findings and future avenues for research are discussed. Considering the increasing need for more effective performance reviews, motivating language might be one of the future tools to increase their positive perceptions and ultimate success, especially in a diverse workforce.

Incidence of myocarditis and pericarditis in post COVID-19 unvaccinated patients

Background and Aim: Viral infections have also been associated with the presence of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes mellitus. SARS-CoV-2 gains entry into human cells by binding its spike protein to the membrane protein angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It has recently been reported that the incidence of myocarditis and pericarditis is increased in COVID-19 patients during the acute illness. However; whether or not myocarditis and pericarditis after the recovery period are a part of the long COVID-19 syndrome is yet unknown. Hence, we studied the incidence of myocarditis and pericarditis in COVID-19 patients after recovering from the acute infection. Material and Methods: We retrieved records of all adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) who had a documented positive COVID-19 PCR test (n = 500) for the period of 1 year. A control group was created from a cohort of adult patients with at least one negative COVID-19 From this pool of patients, the control cohort was created by 3:1 matching of age (±2 years) and gender. Total 1000 patients in control group were selected.

Acute pain consult and management is associated with improved mortality in rib fracture patients

IntroductionTraumatic rib fractures result in significant patient morbidity and mortality, which increases with patient age and number of rib fractures. A dedicated acute pain service (APS) providing expertize in multimodal...

Males with low income and catastrophic illnesses are important risk factors for in-hospital homicide-related deaths in Taiwan from 1998 to 2015: A cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to investigate not only the differences in in-hospital deaths between male and female homicides in Taiwan from 1998 to 2015, but also the epidemiological characteristics and long-term trend analysis.We collected data on 76,125 hospitalized patients injured in attempted homicides from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2015, from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), identifying 59,161 male and 16,694 female patients. Age, gender, and index date match. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the risks of gender differences in terms of homicide.The death risk of male patients was 1.673 times that of female patients and the mortality risk of low-income male patients was 3.447 times greater than that of non–low-income male patients. Moreover, the in-hospital death risk was 23.584 and 5.064 times higher for male and female patients with catastrophic illness, respectively, compared to patients with noncritical diseases. There is a higher trend of male than female patients hospitalized after an attempted homicide.Gender differences are significantly related to homicide, with males having a higher risk of death risk from homicide than females, especially in terms of low-income and catastrophic illness.

A case-control study to determine the risk factors of dengue fever in Chattogram, Bangladesh

ObjectivesIn a tropical country like Bangladesh, where the climatic condition favors the growth of Aedes mosquito vectors, the success of dengue prevention depends largely on the proper identification and control of risk factors. Therefore this study was aimed to explore the potential risk factors and their association with dengue infection. Study designA case-control study including 150 cases and 150 controls was conducted in Chattogram district of Bangladesh. Cases were confirmed dengue patients admitted in Chattogram medical college hospital and Bangladesh institute of tropical and infectious diseases during August and September 2019. On the other hand, controls were non-dengue patients admitted in other departments of the same hospitals through gender, age, and location matching. MethodsThe questionnaire data were collected through telephone-based interviews, which included general demography, daily life activities, housing and surrounding environment of participants. Chi-square and binary logistic regression were performed to identify potential risk factors. ResultsThe study found that travel history to the high incidence area, staying most of the daytime in office (AOR = 18.10), living in 21–40 years old houses (AOR = 9.74), and the temporary residency in the city (AOR = 10.20) were statistically significant risk factors for getting dengue infection. However, day time sleep, house type and structure, number of family members, morning and evening walk, plant in resident, and junk yard around 250 m of the house were also showed a significant effect in chi square test. ConclusionsResults strengthen our understanding regarding the role of factors associated with daily lifestyle and living environment of people in the development of dengue and hence support the dengue control program in Bangladesh. The study will provide a basis for future extended research covering different parts of the country.

Risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia among inpatients with mental disorders in a large mental health center within a tertiary general hospital

Few researchers have investigated the incidence of and risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) among inpatients with mental disorders in a general hospital. This study included patients with mental disorders hospitalized in a large mental health center (situated in a general hospital) between January 1, 2017, and July 31, 2021 (excluding January 1, 2020- May 31, 2020). Risk factors for HAP were identified by logistic regression analysis after propensity score matching (PSM, 1:4) for gender, age, duration of observation, and hospital ward. The study included 16,864 patients. HAP incidence rate was 1.15% overall, 2.11% in closed wards, 0.75% in open wards, 4.45% in patients with organic mental disorders, 1.80% in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and 0.84% in patients with mood disorders. Risk factors for HAP after PSM were hypoproteinemia, chronic liver disease, use of clozapine, hospitalization during the previous 180 days, body mass index (BMI) ≤18.5 kg/m2, cholinesterase inhibitor use, and mood stabilizer use. HAP was common among inpatients with mental disorders. Risk factors for HAP in patients with mental disorders include hypoproteinemia, chronic liver disease, hospitalization during the past 180 days, BMI ≤18.5 kg/m2, and use of clozapine, cholinesterase inhibitors, or mood stabilizers.

Abstract 631: Validation of a panel of methylated DNA and protein markers for multi-cancer detection in plasma

Abstract Purpose: Many cancer deaths could be avoided, and survival could be improved with detection of cancer at an earlier stage. Screening programs for breast, colon, and cervical cancer as well as the NLST trial for lung cancer screening demonstrated significant improvement in survival rates with screening. However, for 2021, the American Cancer Society estimates these screened cancers represent less than ~40% of cancer incidence and deaths. The remainder of cancer deaths occur because of tumors in unscreened organs and, therefore, a multicancer test that detects cancer in these organs can increase survival rates. By focusing on detection of unscreened cancers, this type of multicancer test would be complementary to current screening procedures. Here we describe the validation of a combined panel of methylated DNA markers (MDMs) and proteins for multicancer detection through testing an independent set of case/control samples. Experimental Procedures: In this study, we further evaluate the performance of our previously identified panel of 15 MDMs and 5 proteins for multicancer detection (Allawi et al., 2021 AACR Annual Meeting) by testing 315 controls and 160 cases encompassing 6 cancer types (liver, esophageal, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, and stomach). All samples used in the study were case-control collections with smoking status, age, and gender matching between cases and asymptomatic controls. Testing was performed in blinded fashion using multiplex PCR followed by LQAS (Long probe Quantitative Amplified Signal) assay on bisulfite converted DNA extracted from 3 mL of plasma collected in LB Gard® blood tubes. Protein concentrations were determined from paired serum aliquots and combined with MDMs for a multi-analyte analysis. The subjects were divided into training and validation with equal representation of cancer type, staging, gender, and age. Two thirds of the cases and controls were used to train with a logistic prediction algorithm, and the remaining 1/3 were used to validate the model. Results: Using stepwise logistic regression, a training model of MDMs and protein markers resulted in an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.97 and cancer sensitivity of 89% at 98% specificity. The same model predicted the validation set with an AUC of 0.96 and cancer sensitivity of 85% at a specificity of 95%. Applying the algorithm to the combined training and validation sets resulted in sensitivities and specificities of 88% and 97%, respectively. The sensitivities per cancer type ranged from 73% for pancreatic cancer to 97% for lung cancer. Conclusion and Next Steps: This study demonstrates the performance of our MDMs and protein markers and their importance as components in our multi-omics strategy for multicancer detection. The next steps would be to expand the testing to include additional cancer types and combine with NGS-based methods to improve performance and optimize workflow. Citation Format: Hatim T. Allawi, Slava Katerov, Abram Vaccaro, Harrison L. Fleming, Debra E. Rugowski, Brittany Otto, Justin Heilberger, Jillian Cassel, Jacquelyn Hennek, William Taylor, Graham Lidgard. Validation of a panel of methylated DNA and protein markers for multi-cancer detection in plasma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 631.

Analysis of vocal fold vibration characteristics of spasmodic dysphonia by laryngeal high speed photography combined with glottis area wave

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of vocal fold vibration of normal people and patients with spasmodic dysphonia (SD) using laryngeal high speed videoendoscopy combined with glottal area wave analysis. Methods: This prospective study examined twenty healthy subjects (10 males and 10 females), 12 patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia(AdSD) (2 males,10 females)as AdSD group and 2 patients with abductor spasmodic dysphonia(AbSD) (2 males) as AbSD group. Twelve of healthy subjects (2 males,10 females) were selected as control group according to AdSD group gender match. All the subjects were recruited from the Department of Voice, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University from October 2019 to December 2020. All subjects underwent laryngeal high speed videoendoscopy and 10 vibration periods were selected from each recording and were used to quantitatively analyze the change of glottal area and vocal fold vibration parameters (Speed Quotient (SQ), Open Quotient (OQ) and Close Quotient (CQ)). Results: 1. There were statistically significant differences in SQ, CQ and OQ between males and females in the healthy subjects (t=12.28, 5.59, 5.59, P<0.05). The change of the glottal area during each vibration period in healthy subjects was relatively stable(0.19-0.42). 2. The change of the glottal area during each vibration period in AdSD subjects had larger fluctuations, with the glottal area change index fluctuating in the range of 0.31 to 0.62. The SQ value of the AdSD group was significantly lower than that of control group (t=4.246, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in OQ and CQ between AdSD group and normal group (t=1.064, 1.332, P>0.05); The SQ value of the AbSD group tended to increase compared to normal group. Conclusions: Laryngeal high speed videoendoscopy combined with glottal area wave analysis has a certain reference value in the studying the vibration characteristics of SD patients. SQ has good specificity.

The role of surgery in small differentiated thyroid cancer.

The incidence of small, differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cases has been increasing in the United States and the world mainly due to incidental detection because of widespread use of diagnostic modalities. While the option of active surveillance instead of surgical resection is getting more popular, there is still an open discussion about the best approach in these cases. The National Cancer Database was queried for patients diagnosed with non-metastatic small T1/N0 DTC between 2004 and 2016, who have known surgical status and Charlson comorbidity index of two or less. We evaluated the overall survival (OS) based on the surgery status using Kaplan-Meier estimates and multivariable cox regression analyses. A total of 98,501 patients with non-metastatic small DTC were included, within which 96,612 (98.1%) were treated with surgery, and 1889 (1.9%) were not treated with surgery or other ablative modalities. We found that patients who were treated with surgery had better OS compared to patients who were not treated with surgery (mean OS 171 months vs 134.1 months, P < 0.001, median OS was not reached). This difference was still statistically significant even after we used propensity score matching for age, gender, race, Charlson-Deyo score, tumor size, and histology. On multivariate analysis, surgery was associated with better OS (HR 0.218; 95% CI: 0.196-0.244; P < 0.001). Same trend was found in subgroup analysis when we split the cohort according to tumor size (<1 and ≥1 cm), histology (follicular, papillary and Hurthle cell carcinoma), and age (<55 years vs ≥55 years). Patients with non-metastatic small DTC who were treated with surgery had significant improvement in OS compared to patients who were not treated with surgery. Notwithstanding the limitations of the current analysis, these results call for caution prior to recommending routine surveillance for all patients with small DTC.

Predisposing factors involved in the aetiology of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: a case-control study.

The aetiology of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is currently unclear. Over time, several aetiological hypotheses have come forward, including pre- and perinatal medical problems and postnatal illness. The aim of this case-control study is the identification of possible predisposing factors involved in MIH aetiology. Methods Study Design: By hypothesising the probability of at least one predisposing factor present 2.5 times more in MIH cases than in controls, with an estimated prevalence of MIH patients requiring therapy equal to 30%, at a unilateral alpha level of 5% and a power of 80%, 63 couples of subjects are needed with an allocation ratio of 1:1; individual matching for age and gender was carried out. After clinical examination, 78 children with MIH (EAPD criteria) were recruited (mean age 9.36 years). An anamnestic form filled-in by a parent was used to collect data on possible predisposing factors including demographic characteristics, pregnancy, birth, childhood medical illness and medications' intake. One-tail McNemar chi square test was used to evaluate the significance of the association between predisposing factor and MIH; odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were computed. A multifactorial aetiology may be advocated for MIH development; in particular, further investigations are required to confirm and clarify the role of genetic factors.

125-OR: Association between Preventive Podiatric Care and Outcomes of New Diabetic Foot Ulceration among Patients with End Stage Renal Disease

Objective: To assess the association between foot care by podiatric surgeons and outcomes of new diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) . Methods: We used the 2015 and 2016 claim data from the United States Renal Data System to identify patients (≥ 40 years and on dialysis for ≥ 12 months) with a new diagnosis of DFU. The patients were stratified into intervention or control cohort based on whether they received any foot care by a podiatric surgeon within 12 months before the diagnosis of a new DFU. Patients were followed from the index DFU date until December 31, 2018. The study outcome was amputation-free survival (composite endpoint of mortality and major amputation) . Adjusted comparisons between preventive foot care and its association with outcomes were performed by Cox-regression analysis after propensity score matching for age, gender, race, hospitalizations, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) . Results: Among the 51,362 ESRD patients included, 16,156 (31.5%) received podiatric care within 12 months before their index DFU. Compared to the control cohort, the intervention cohort was older, likely to be female (44% vs. 39%) , and more likely to have peripheral artery disease (64.2% vs. 49.5%) . The overall major amputation rate was 9.6% during study follow-up (intervention: 9.3% vs. control: 9.8%) . A Kaplan-Meier estimate indicated that foot care before index DFU was associated with increased amputation-free survival based on the Log Rank test (p&amp;lt;0.0001) . In addition, the multivariable analysis demonstrated that foot care prior to index DFU was associated with a lower risk of death or major amputation in both the unmatched (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.92, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.90, 0.93, p&amp;lt;0.0001) and matched cohorts (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.79, 0.85, p&amp;lt;0.0001) . Conclusion: Among patients with end stage renal disease, preventive podiatric care appears to improve amputation-free survival for DFU. Disclosure T.Tan: None. D.G.Armstrong: None. C.Chong: None. N.J.Hamilton-cotter: None. O.S.Kshirsagar: None. D.G.Marrero: None. D.J.Cotter: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (K23DK122126)

Linking insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) rs6214 gene polymorphism and its serum level with risk of colorectal cancer

BackgroundColorectal Cancer is found one of the most profound type of cancer around globe, affecting men and women with different ethnic and racial groups. Insulin-like growth factor 1 is known as peptide growth factor found to increase the proliferation of cell and prevent apoptosis. Insulin pathway might have linked with progression of colorectal cancer.MethodsThis study conducted on total 160 subjects, including 80 patients with colorectal cancer with 80 age and gender match controls. Clinical parameters were compared between the control group and Colorectal cancer group. Blood serum IGF-1 was quantified by using ELISA and IGF-1 rs6214(C/T) variations were investigated using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay.ResultsBlood serum level of Insulin growth factor-I (ng/ml) showed substantial association concerning groups while IGF-1 rs6214(C/T) genotype distribution observed increased in colorectal cancer patients as compared to controls with significant association. The variant TT and CT genotype frequency observed more common in cases as compared to control. However, the wild type CC genotype were common in cases used to compared with controls. The Odds Ratio reveal the risk of variant IGF-1 rs6214 T allele to increase 3 times compared to wild type allele.ConclusionThe homozygous TT genotypes and T variant allele of IGF-1 rs6214(C/T) showed association with high serum Insulin growth factor level 1, may increase susceptibility to the colorectal cancer. This work will use to investigate the associations between Insulin-like growth factor 1 and rs6214(C/T) gene variant and blood serum level with the vulnerability to treat Colorectal. In summary, we have investigated the relationship between Insulin growth factor level hormone and colorectal cancer. Further studies are required to understand the association between colorectal cancer and polymorphism. However, this study can be serve as an informative study to uncover mechanisms behind main cause of colon cancer. Therefore, the genomic profiling of Insulin-like growth factor-1 can be helpful to treat colorectal cancer patients.