Gender Line Research Articles

Reshaping of Dating Culture through the Presence of Online Dating Application

Online dating is an inevitable phenomenon in this digital age. The close interaction of digital natives with the internet makes them seem to entrust all activities in their lives to the internet, including dating and finding a mate. This makes them more likely to use online dating applications. This thesis investigates the drivers of the use of online dating applications by the digital natives, their opinions about online dating application and how the use of such application is different or the same between Indonesians and Americans. Data collection techniques are using questionnaire and interview. The secondary data in this study were obtained from other sources such as research results presented on the official website. This research found that there are many factors that influence digital natives in using online dating applications. This study reveals an array of eastern philosophical ideas, such as the predominance of female gendered application users in Indonesia, which implies that the gender line has become more ambiguous.

Cognitive inhibition abilities explain inter-individual variability in gender-space associations.

There is a great deal of research describing the close association that exists between numerical and spatial representations, illustrating the SNARC (Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Code) effect. This effect signals the spatial mental representation of small numbers to the left and larger numbers to the right, coinciding with the direction of reading and writing. Subsequent research has found a similar spatial representation for other stimuli (e.g., size of objects and animals, and words associated with time). Some of these spatially represented stimuli are social in nature, even suggesting a spatial mental organization of stimuli based on gender (e.g., the upper part of a vertical axis for males and the lower part for females). The aim of the present study was threefold (1) to replicate and extend results on the existence of a mental gender line (as a function of response hand: female-left hand and male-right hand) when responding simply to gender of stimuli; (2) to explore the influence of inhibitory control; and, (3) to determine whether gender-space associations depend on the explicit or implicit nature of a gender task. Three experiments were designed to pursue these objectives. In Experiment 1, female, male and neutral faces and names were displayed, and the participants were asked to identify their gender. Experiment 2, which also included a Stroop task, followed the same procedure as Experiment 1, but displayed objects that could be designated as female or male and others not related to any gender. Finally, in Experiment 3, in which participants were asked to respond to the direction of an arrow, object gender was not relevant to the task. Consistent with previous research and confirming our hypotheses, the results showed a spatial mental representation of the stimuli based on gender in all three experiments, regardless of whether the stimulus was consciously perceived. Moreover, inhibitory ability showed a relationship with the gender-space line effect. The contributions and implications of this study are discussed, as are possible limitations and future lines of research.

Has the fever left a burn?A study of the impact of COVID-19 remote working arrangements on public accountants’ burnout

Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of COVID-19 working arrangements on role stress, burnout and turnover intentions in public accounting professionals. Additionally, while all professionals have had to adapt to this rapid change in working environment, this paper explores whether the impact of this transition differs depending on demographic factors, namely, rank, gender, firm size and service line. Design/methodology/approach The authors survey 159 public accountants working in audit and tax on their perceptions of role stress, burnout and turnover intentions before COVID-19 and since. The survey used validated instruments from prior literature to capture these measures. Findings Results show that role stress, burnout and turnover intentions increased significantly since remote work began. Specifically, the rank of accountants significantly affects this association, with staff experiencing the most significant increases in role stress and burnout and seniors reporting significantly higher intentions to leave their current firms. Females experience a significant increase in feelings of emotional exhaustion and turnover intention, while males experience a significant increase in feelings of depersonalization and role overload. Finally, there is a positive association between firm size and burnout, with employees from national/midsize firms experiencing the largest increase in feelings of emotional exhaustion, reduced personal accomplishment and depersonalization. Originality/value Given that all prior research on role stressors, burnout tendencies and turnover intentions in the context of public accounting was conducted in the pre-COVID-19 work environment, this paper examines a timely and significant event that is likely to have a long-lasting impact on the way in which people work. As accounting firms seek to develop new working models and promote well-being among their employees, they should take note of the findings of this study that gender, rank and firm size result in differential impacts on role stress, burnout and turnover intentions.

Poverty status of rural households in Nigeria: a gendered perspective

PurposePoverty is endemic in rural Nigeria and gender disparity in access to productive resources is a major cause of poverty in the area. Poverty status of rural households along gender line was, therefore, investigated in this study.Design/methodology/approachPanel data from 2010/2011 (wave 1) and 2015/2016 (wave 3) of the Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS) for Nigeria were used for the study. Data were analysed using Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) poverty indices and binomial panel logistic model.FindingsPoverty measures for women-led households in farming activities were 58.5, 27.8 and 17.1%; men-led farming households had 59.8, 27.4 and 16.3% gender-neutral had 56.8%, 27 and 16.9% in the first panel. Poverty indices increased in the women-led and men-led farming households in the second panel. Poverty incidence was higher amongst farming households than the non-farming counterparts. Correlates of poverty status differ amongst the gender-groups were household size, farming, tertiary education, access to credit and geographical locations.Originality/valueGender disparity is perceived in this study along the line of differences in gender composition of rural households. A gender-blind approach to poverty alleviation programmes likely will not enhance reduced poverty in rural Nigeria. Closing the gender poverty gap will ensure achievement of the first sustainable development goal of poverty eradication.

Predictive factors for renal function deterioration during palliative first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer.

85 Background: Effective first-line therapy is a key determinant of treatment outcomes and should be selected after considering both clinical factors and biological markers in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Considering the increased number of cancer patients with old age and their chronic diseases, it is essential to select a therapeutic agent by evaluating the toxicity that may occur due to long-term chemotherapy. This study assessed changes in renal function for 1 year in patients diagnosed with mCRC during chemotherapy and analyzed the factors and effect of each chemotherapy regimen on renal function. Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients with mCRC treated with palliative 1st line chemotherapy at our institution from 2015 to 2020. According to the common 1st line treatment regimen, we divided into 4 groups; FOLFOX/FOLFIRI with bevacizumab/cetuximab. We checked the baseline renal function and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the start of chemotherapy. The change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (△eGFR) was calculated as [(eGFR at each time point) - (eGFR at baseline)/(eGFR at baseline) X 100]. The clinical factors such as age, gender, chronic disease, BMI (body mass index), disease status, baseline proteinuria, and 1st line chemotherapy regimen were evaluated. Proteinuria was detected on urine dipstick protein ≥ 1+. Additionally, predictors for ΔeGFR ≤ −30% at each time points after therapy initiation were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Among 466 mCRC patients, the median eGFR values at baseline was 95.4 ml/min/1.73m2. The median eGFR at 6 months after chemotherapy initiation were significantly lower than baseline (88.3 ml/min/1.73m2, p < 0.001). As 1 year, patients with more than 30% worsening of renal function was observed in 27.6 % in FOLFIRI + bevacizumab, 26.3 % in FOLFOX + bevacizumab, 6.6 % in FOLFIRI + cetuximab, and 4.7 % in FOLFOX + cetuximab group. The FOLFIRI + bevacizumab was an independent predictor for ΔeGFR ≤ −30% at 6 months (odds ratio (OR) 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-3.47, p = 0.034) along with old age (≥ 65 years, OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.29-3.68, p = 0.004) and BMI (p = 0.012). Additionally, FOLFIRI + bevacizumab regimen causes more proteinuria (46.4%) than other chemotherapy regimens. Conclusions: Deterioration of renal function was more common with FOLFIRI + bevacizumab than other combination regimen. Old age, BMI were also associated decreasing eGFR. These results will be helpful to be suggested as important consideration when selecting the 1st line chemotherapy regimen for mCRC.

Board Gender Diversity as Corporate Governance Variable: The Influence On Audit Quality.

This study examines the influence of gender diversity on audit quality of manufacturing firms listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange for the period 2010 – 2018. The specific objective of the study is to investigate the influence of gender diversity as corporate governance variable on audit quality of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Secondary data were collected from the audited annual reports of fifty eight (58) manufacturing firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange and binary regression models (logit, probit and gombit) were used to test the hypothesis. The result revealed that gender diversity has positive significant influence on audit quality for the full sample. The study recommend that firms should endeavor to diversity their board along gender line in order to appropriate the benefit of females directors.

Adaptive strategies to deforestation among Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPS) collectors across gender line in Oluwa Forest Reserve Area of Ondo State, Nigeria

Forest and the goods and services they provide are essential for human livelihood and wellbeing. An assessment on the likely impact of deforestation on NTFPs along gender line is therefore imperative for effective adaptations for NTFPs collectors. The study examined the adaptive strategies to deforestation stress employed among NTFPs collectors across gender line in Oluwa Forest Reserve area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select respondents for the study. Data were collected with the aid of well-structured interview schedule on 181 NTFPs collectors (94 males and 87 females) and analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The data targeted socio-economic characteristics, level of availability of (NTFPs) in the mist of deforestation currently and 30 years ago as well as adaptive strategiesemployed by the respondents in the study area. Findings revealed that average age of male and female respondents were 48 and 43 years, respectively. Bitter Kola, Kola Nut, Mango and Walnut were NTFPs available in abundant 30 years ago. In recent years, the study discovered that only Mango and Walnut were available in excess despite persistent deforestation in the study area. Deforestation impacted more on female collectors compared to their men counterpart. The finding also shows that female collectors employed more of domesticated NTFPs and indigenous protection methods as adaptive strategies against deforestation. The study recommended training on scientific domesticated system of planting (NTFPs) for both male and female NTFPs collectors as well as community policing to cope against deforestation in the study area.
 Key words: adaptive strategies, deforestation, non-timber forest products (NTFPs), gender

Patients' Perspective on Digital Technologies in Advanced Genitourinary Cancers.

Digital technologies allow for the remote monitoring of cancer patients and thereby close an important care gap. Despite a variety of upcoming digital health-tech solutions, there is little knowledge on uro-oncologic patients' perception of digital technologies in clinical care and cancer trials. A questionnaire was developed to evaluate patients' current use, preferences, and expectations of digital health technology. Patients receiving systemic treatment for urothelial, prostate, and renal-cell carcinoma were included during outpatient visits. Ninety-seven patients undergoing systemic therapy for metastatic renal-cell, urothelial, or prostate cancer were included in the final analysis. Internet, smartphone, and wearable user rates were significantly higher in younger patients (100% user rate in age group 40-49 years vs. 38% in age group 80-89 years). Patients were more likely to use wearables in clinical trials when they received the generated data (2.9/5) than when they did not (2.3/5, P< .0001). Interest in activity data (3.7/5) was higher than sleeping data (2.7/5, P< .0001), but desire for sleeping data increases with advancement of treatment lines (3.9, P= .008). Patients prefer a digital follow-up every 2.6 days; younger patients and those receiving advanced therapy lines prefer less frequent follow-up (respectively, every 3.3 days, P= .050, and every 4.0 days, P= .0001). Patients allow a maximum of an average of 2.2 minutes daily for digital follow-up. We observed high engagement in digital technologies and interest in the data generated by digital devices. However, for the development of future health care applications, aspects such as patient age, gender, and therapy line need to be considered in uro-oncologic patients.

ASSESSMENT OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PRODUCTIVITY AMONG RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN SOUTH WEST, NIGERIA

Increase in productivity across gender line is one of the necessary conditions for sustainable level of development in the rural areas. This study assessed the differences in productivity of men and women in rural households in Southwest, Nigeria. Average and marginal productivity of women and men were assessed. Gender-disaggregated data were obtained through structured questionnaires. Using multi stage sampling approach, a total of 197 and 148 men and women rural households were randomly sampled. Cobb Douglas production function was used to analyse differentials in productivity between women and men. The results showed that women have access to marginal and small pieces of land. Men with access to improved technology have significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher productivity per unit of most of the inputs available. Also, the result indicates that the estimated average productivities of women are significantly lower than those of men. Furthermore, ownership of land has a significant positive influence on the estimated productivity of men more than women. Education which is another gender factor and a measure of human asset and managerial capacity significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased the productivity of men (β = 0.11, t = 3.04) and women (β = 0.07, t = 3.86). In order to raise productivity and impacts development agenda for the rural sector, it would be better for women to keep the variable resource in surplus rather than utilizing it in a fixed resource contrary to what is obtainable for men.

Clearing the fuzziness: comments on Ashley Tauchert’s fuzzy gender

ABSTRACTIn ‘Fuzzy gender: between female embodiment and intersex’, Ashley Tauchert offers a ‘fuzzy’ model for gender. Her proposed model aims to account for the normative boundaries of sex and gender, especially between females, transwomen, and intersexuals, in terms of a ‘gender line’ on which different gender categories are located. This reply paper aims to clear the fuzziness in Tauchert’s model by pointing out two critical problems. First, her model appears to be self-defeating, since the marginalized gender categories it attempts to empower are defined in terms of the hegemonic binarism of the ‘pure’ heterosexual male and the ‘pure’ heterosexual female, which it tries to dislodge. Second, her model implies an infinite number of possible gender categories along the gender line; being so, it becomes theoretically inert and practically inadequate. In lieu of the fuzzy model, this paper suggests an alternative model of thinking through the black/white and grey gender categories. This model utilizes the metaphor of gender galaxies, where each gender category is treated as an independent, socially-conferred galaxy; each having specific societal concerns and political agenda. This model, as will be argued, provides firmer grounding for the political aspirations of these various gender categories.

PSVII-3 Influence of Season of Birth, Gender and Paternal line in Pigs.

PSVII-3 Influence of Season of Birth, Gender and Paternal line in Pigs.

Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Hypocellular Marrow: Clinical Characteristics and Evaluation of Outcome

Background. MDS may be characterized by hypocellular marrow, irrespective of their WHO classification or molecular characteristics. Their prognostic weight must still be completely evaluated. MDS with hypocellular marrow tend to be considered an aplastic anemia "overlap syndrome" or a pre-aplastic anemia stage. There are no strong specific therapy recommendations, and large studies analyzing the outcome of hypocellular MDS are lacking. While selective sensitivity to immunosuppressive therapy is suggested, evidence in this sense is controversial. Aims. We wanted to evaluate the clinical characteristics, outcome and choice of therapy of patients with hypocellular MDS and compare them with normocellular MDS. Methods. We analyzed 2559 MDS cases with complete clinical annotations and with evaluable bone trephine biopsy, enrolled in our Italian National Registry FISMonlus. In this cohort of patients, 438 had a bone marrow cellularity Results. In FISM cohort median age was 72.5 yrs in the hypocellular group and 72,3 yrs in the normocellular group; M/F were 53.2%/46.8% for hypocellular MDS vs 62.6%/37.4% in normocellular MDS. IPSS-R risk categories were distributed as follows: Hypocellular MDS Very Low 15.5%, Low 35.1%, Intermediate 30.1%, High 11.3%, Very high 8%; Normocellular MDS Very Low 12.8%, Low 37.2%, intermediate 23.7%, High 15.5%, Very High 11.4%. Global median overall survival (OS) was 77 months for hypocellular MDS and 56 months for normocellular MDS. When OS was evaluated in the different IPSS-R risk groups, Lower risk MDS cases with hypocellular BM had a median OS of 125 mos while normocellular had a median OS of 74 mos (p Conclusion. Our results are based on an unbiased analysis of "real life" MDS patients with hypocellular BM compared to normocellular ones. Clinical characteristics between the two groups were not significantly different in terms of age, gender, and distribution in the various IPSS-R risk categories. The outcome of the hypocellular marrow-MDS cases was better in comparison with that of normocellular MDS, with significantly longer OS in IPSS-R lower risk cases. The advantage in OS for hypoplastic MDS wasn9t present for IPSS-R higher risk cases. Finally, the choice of first line therapy doesn9t seem to be influenced by the BM cellularity, with a surprising very low proportion of patients receiving immunosuppressive agents, despite several guideline recommend of this treatment for hypoplastic MDS. Disclosures Santini:Novartis: Honoraria; Otsuka: Consultancy; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; AbbVie: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Finelli:Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Gaidano:Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Morphosys: Honoraria; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria. Oliva:Celgene: Consultancy, Other: Royalties, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; La Jolla: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Cilloni:celgene: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.

English

The study aims to explore the major roles women play in livelihood security among Ethiopian Somali Pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in selected two districts.&nbsp; Even though the study is more of qualitative, quantitative method was also employed to some extent to gather information that couldn&rsquo;t be captured via qualitative research method.&nbsp; A total of 722 women were sampled and participated on household survey by probability sampling technique. According to the findings of the study, women in both social settings, in addition to reproductive roles, largely participate on productive works especially in livestock production.&nbsp; Apparently, most of the tasks related to production of small ruminants, which are the largest in number and main source of income in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas, are the major activities of women. In both settings, the role of women in crop production is appeared to be minimal (confined to feeding of those who work on farm) due to cultural outlook that sees women as weaker as compared with men. Petty trading of wide range of commodities including livestock and livestock product is the major supplementary activity that enables the diversification of livelihoods of pastoral and agro-pastoral women. There exists huge variability in terms of pattern of expenditure along gender line. In agro-pastoral areas, women spend 93.5% of their individually generated income on purchase of households&rsquo; food items and the remaining 5.8% on other necessities such as children&rsquo;s health while men spend 44.9% of their individual income on households&rsquo; consumption, 50.5% on personal needs, and spend only 3.7% of their incomes on children&rsquo;s clothing. A number of problems which obstruct women&rsquo;s pursuit of livelihood are identified by this study. &nbsp; Key words: Livelihood security, women, livelihoods. &nbsp

Holy selfies: Performing pilgrimage in the age of social media

In this article, we examine the selfie-taking and sharing practices of Muslim pilgrims in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. We introduce the concept of the “holy selfie” (a selfie taken during either theHajj or the Umrah pilgrimages) and report on a visual content analysis of a sample of 100 holy selfies publicly available on social networking platforms. We seek to reach an understanding of the work that holy selfies do in the context of the expressions of spiritual and religious identity of those producing them. Our findings suggest that the embodied experience of pilgrims at the holy sites finds an expressive release through holy selfies, with many pilgrims viewing selfie-taking as an important part of their journey. The selfies (and associated features) capture and document pilgrims’ experiences, contribute to their meaning-making, enable the sharing of memories with loved ones, and attract online followers. Our study provides a picture of how holy selfies blur the gender line (as many males as females take them), emerge despite the opposition of Saudi authorities, and serve as a means of engaging with a multiplicity of audiences. We seek to start a conceptual and methodological conversation about this emerging phenomenon of identity construction involving the use of new media along with the construction of affiliative identities among geographically dispersed communities of Muslim pilgrims. The taking of holy selfies can thus be read as a tactic used by 21st-century Muslims to create opportunities for self-representation and community building in a context of increasing Islamophobia.

PICTORIAL REVIEW OF EXTRAOSSEOUS EWING’S TUMOUR: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE

Purpose: Ewing’s family tumour is an extremely rare tumour, with annual incidence rates amongst Caucasian children &lt;21 years being in the range of 2–3 cases per million in the U.S. There are mainly three subtypes including Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) of bone, extraosseous (EO) Ewing’s tumour and Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour. Although extremely rare, this study represents a review of various types of cases and the significance of imaging including its baseline and post-treatment response radiological characteristics. There are a very few cases of EO ES in the current literature with variable spectrum of tumour site and their imaging characteristics.Materials and Methods: Electronic records were retrospectively reviewed from 1 May 2011 to 1 May 2016 with patients who were diagnosed as histologically proven ES. A number of patients, gender and base line computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging findings for staging were reviewed.Results: A total of 568 patients with diagnosed ES were analysed, of which 15 patients had EO type of ES. Of these only 8 patients had baseline imaging available which included tumours arising from the occipital region, orbit, anterior mediastinum, anterior abdominal wall, mesentery, kidney, prostate gland and presacral region.Conclusion: EO ES is a rare entity and can involve a wide array of soft tissue organs. A cross-sectional imaging with CT and MR has a key role in pre- and post-treatment assessment.Key words: Computed tomography, Ewing’s sarcoma, extraosseous Ewing’s, magnetic resonance imaging, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour

General Public Awareness in Life Insurance

This survey aimed at ascertaining the views of 120 respondents from overall sectors on the factors that determine the awareness in life insurance in the context of Nepal. The result of insurance awareness hypothesis shows that education is an important factor which affects the buying decision of consumers in life insurance. The researcher has employed descriptive design to conduct the study through structured set of questionnaire; convenience sampling technique has been used in the initial stage to narrow down the population from entire population. Similarly likert scale has been used for consumer survey and later computed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) Version 20 for windows to compare means. The survey result produces the result that in spite of the immense benefits and security provided by the life insurance, public awareness regarding it is low. The research also provides light in the aspect that insurance awareness is positively affected by educational level of attainment whereas it is statistically independent to gender, income and professional line of involvement.

An International Comparison of Women’s Suffrage: The Cases of Finland and New Zealand in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century

The international history of women’s suffrage carries an intriguing paradox: the process of democratization that crossed the gender line was first set into motion in geographical peripheries. This article analyzes this paradox. Rather than building on generalizing ideological factors, the approach is guided by the actual order of events, which prioritizes an analysis of geographical peripheries, the small nations of New Zealand and Finland. By examining the social, cultural, and political factors of these two countries and taking the experiential reality of ordinary people, this study introduces new interpretations of the underpinnings of women’s suffrage and democratization in the Western world.

Prognostic factors for progression of clinical osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review of observational studies.

IntroductionWe performed a systematic review of prognostic factors for the progression of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA), defined as increase in pain, decline in physical function or total joint replacement.MethodWe searched for available observational studies up to January 2015 in Medline and Embase according to a specified search strategy. Studies that fulfilled our initial inclusion criteria were assessed for methodological quality. Data were extracted and the results were pooled, or if necessary summarized according to a best evidence synthesis.ResultsOf 1,392 articles identified, 30 met the inclusion criteria and 38 determinants were investigated. Pooling was not possible due to large heterogeneity between studies. The best evidence synthesis showed strong evidence that age, ethnicity, body mass index, co-morbidity count, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected infrapatellar synovitis, joint effusion and baseline OA severity (both radiographic and clinical) are associated with clinical knee OA progression. There was moderate evidence showing that education level, vitality, pain-coping subscale resting, MRI-detected medial femorotibial cartilage loss and general bone marrow lesions are associated with clinical knee OA progression. However, evidence for the majority of determinants was limited (including knee range of motion or markers) or conflicting (including age, gender and joint line tenderness).ConclusionStrong evidence was found for multiple prognostic factors for progression of clinical knee OA. A large variety in definitions of clinical knee OA (progression) remains, which makes it impossible to summarize the evidence through meta-analyses. More research on prognostic factors for knee OA is needed using symptom progression as an outcome measure. Remarkably, only few studies have been performed using pain progression as an outcome measure. The pathophysiology of radiographic factors and their relation with symptoms should be further explored.

The Perspective of Ontario Girls’ Youth Hockey as an Alternative Sport Model

Ice hockey is one of the most played sports by youth in Canada, and over the past twenty years, female participation rates in hockey have increased by nearly 900% (Hockey Canada, 2005; 2009). However, despite female involvement in the sport, much controversy still remains for women crossing the gender line of ‘malestream’ (Hall, 1996) hockey. The goal of this paper is to use a case study to offer information about the dynamics of female youth hockey in terms of team play, parental interaction in the stands, and youth and parental commentary about their experiences. Through video and researcher observations, extensive field notes, and interviews, the context of female hockey was examined. Results revealed that female hockey may indeed be an environment that provides a unique experience for players. Four overarching themes emerged: 1) rule differences; 2) seriousness; 3) positive parental support; and 4) emphasis on team play and social relationships.

Consecrated Merchants and Midnight Criers: Commercial Evangelicalism and a Jazz Theory of Gender Distinctions in Nineteenth-Century America

Drawing on Jeanne Boydston’s “aesthetic of jazz” and the contributions of queer theory, this article complicates notions of a “normative” gender binary and feminized Protestant religion in nineteenth-century America. Evangelical tract and book sellers known as “colporteurs” constructed spiritual personalities that failed to organize neatly around a gender binary, combining private, passive, and dependent roles as servants and employees with conquering, public identities as sellers of the gospel message. Moving away from a focus on female preaching and the liminal gender fluidity of “fringe” sects, this paper argues that colportage reflected a larger cultural instability in the gender binary where spiritual selling collapsed conventional masculine and feminine traits, opening a queer space for expressions beyond the gender line. Tracing colporteur identities from the American Tract Society and Millerites of the 1840s to the International Bible Students of the 1890s and 1900s, this article suggests that colportage was one expression of the vast variation and instability of potential gender identities that marked America in the nineteenth century.