Gender Labels Research Articles

UNVEILING GENDER FROM INDONESIAN NAMES USING RANDOM FOREST AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION ALGORITHMS

Gender detection can be done in many ways, some of these ways by using image identification such as the process of image identification based on faces or image shapes, on the other hand image identification and detection can also be done based on text or written data. The usefulness of gender identification can be used in various aspects of life, ranging from greetings such as ladies and gentlemen, which will certainly make the person concerned feel more appreciated by the accuracy of the pronunciation of the name. This gender identification and detection process can be done by making class predictions on predetermined gender label classes. Of course, each name in various languages has different characteristics in identifying and representing each gender, as well as Indonesian names that have diversity and unique levels of variation. The purpose of this study is to test the results of the algorithm in classification based on class labels. The application of this detection uses two algorithms, namely Random Forest and Logistic Regression. Both of these algorithms can predict classes with perfect accuracy in 6 experimental data, then the results of 526 experimental data resulted in a final accuracy of 0.94 for logistic regression and 0.93 for random forest. The advantage with a thin difference in this case is in the Logistic Regression algorithm.

“They’re Doing Their Own Kind of Nursing”: Challenging the Gender Bias

ABSTRACT Despite Iceland's reputation as a gender equal country, men make up about 4% of nurses which is low in comparison with similar countries. To shed light on what determines the choice of nursing and on cooperation at work, interviews with ten female and seven male nurses were analysed with reflexive thematic analysis. Drawing on poststructuralist and feminist theories, focusing on power relations and gender in the workplace, the analysis revealed stereotypical gender differences. Choosing nursing was for the female nurses a “natural” channel for their talents, the males were conscious of crossing a line and prepared for stereotyping obstacles. A powerful hierarchy characterized daily work, female nurses described suppressing working situations and lack of support, males ranked themselves higher in respect and opportunities, prioritized their professional boundaries, self-care, and nursing competence, free of gender labels. This difference is an important and self-sustaining part of nurses’ image as powerless, deters young people from nursing education and leads to distance between genders in the workplace. The findings highlight the need to recognize and tackle stereotyping, which maintains inequality, prioritizing diversity instead is a task for educational and health systems, and the debate on gender equality in Iceland.

Gender stereotypes in artificial intelligence within the accounting profession using large language models

This study investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) perpetuates gender stereotypes in the accounting profession. Through experiments employing large language models (LLMs), we scrutinize how these models assign gender labels to accounting job titles. Our findings reveal differing tendencies among LLMs, with one favouring male labels, another female labels, and a third showing a balanced approach. Statistical analyses indicate significant disparities in labelling patterns, and job titles classified as male are associated with higher salary ranges, suggesting gender-related bias in economic outcomes. This study reaffirms existing literature on gender stereotypes in LLMs and uncovers specific biases in the accounting context. It underscores the transfer of biases from the physical to the digital realm through LLMs and highlights broader implications across various sectors. We propose raising public awareness as a means to mitigate these biases, advocating for proactive measures over relying solely on human intervention.

Analyzing the Combined Effects of Sarcasm and Emotion for Gender Prediction

“Women are bitchy but men are sarcastic”, such comments reveal the relationship between gender and sarcasm. Automatic gender identification can play a crucial role in services that depend on data about a user’s background. Although for some social media users the gender of a user is typically unavailable due to privacy and anonymity. Based on the notion that male and female users may express their thoughts and sentiments differently in their posts, social media accounts can be examined using their posts (text) in order to automatically identify the gender of an anonymous user. In the current work, efforts are made in analyzing the effects of emotion and sarcasm intended by the users in their tweets for predicting gender. Sarcasm + emotion aided gender prediction systems are developed using different machine learning and neural network-based architectures. In our developed model, tweet features are extracted by using pre-trained GloVe embeddings. The sarcasm intensity is concatenated with the corresponding tweet representation and at last classification layer is used to predict the gender labels. For the experimentation purpose, the PAN-2018 dataset has been used. We have also shown the effect of utilizing emotion, and sarcasm information over gender prediction using different models

Attribute discrimination combined with selected sample dropout for unsupervised domain adaptive person re-identification

The popular clustering-based Unsupervised Domain Adaptive (UDA) person re-identification (re-ID) does not require additional annotation. However, owing to unsatisfactory feature embedding and imperfect clustering, most existing clustering-based methods suffer from the noise of pseudo labels in the target domain, which will lead to a serious performance degradation. To reduce the negative impact of noisy pseudo labels on training, we put forward an approach named selected sample dropout (SSD) in the training stage, which defines a criterion for evaluating the noise level of pseudo labels. SSD would mine and discard samples with noisy pseudo labels before training, and then all the remaining samples are fed into the network to train. On top of a strong baseline, SSD is proved to be effective. We call the baseline of adding SSD as the selected sample dropout-enhanced teacher-student network (SSD-TSNet). In addition, considering the robustness of pedestrian gender, we use it as auxiliary information in the SSD-TSNet test stage. Specifically, we propose a pedestrian gender attribute discriminator (GAD) to predict gender labels. Based on predictive gender labels, SSD-TSNet could retrieve one person among other persons with the same gender as the person, thus narrowing the search space of re-ID. The proposed SSD-TSNet and GAD are integrated into one framework, and extensive experiments on four widely used UDA benchmark protocols demonstrate its competitive performance. Specifically, our method outperforms the baseline by 11.6% mAP on the Duke-to-Market task, while surpassing the state-of-the-art method by 0.5% mAP on the Market-to-Duke task.

Developing an empathic analysis: Using critical literacy, dialogue, and inquiry with literature to explore the issues with gender labels

AbstractBook banning and censorship in the U.S. prompts necessary conversations on how critical literacy, dialogue, and inquiry are used in various school and library settings. We share guiding questions alongside three examples of textual analyses centering on gender fluidity with three young adult novels. We believe that English language arts teachers will benefit from seeing examples of how we responded to these texts with critical analysis questions that require students to analyze gender representation and identity within the stories. By developing an empathic analysis, students can engage in this critical work within classrooms and libraries, where reading diverse texts is encouraged.

Impaired implicit emotion regulation in patients with panic disorder: An event-related potential study on affect labeling.

Panic disorder (PD) involves emotion dysregulation, but its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Previous research suggests that implicit emotion regulation may play a central role in PD-related emotion dysregulation and symptom maintenance. However, there is a lack of studies exploring the neural mechanisms of implicit emotion regulation in PD using neurophysiological indicators. To study the neural mechanisms of implicit emotion regulation in PD with event-related potentials (ERP). A total of 25 PD patients and 20 healthy controls (HC) underwent clinical eva-luations. The study utilized a case-control design with random sampling, selecting participants for the case group from March to December 2018. Participants performed an affect labeling task, using affect labeling as the experimental condition and gender labeling as the control condition. ERP and behavioral data were recorded to compare the late positive potential (LPP) within and between the groups. Both PD and HC groups showed longer reaction times and decreased accuracy under the affect labeling. In the HC group, late LPP amplitudes exhibited a dynamic pattern of initial increase followed by decrease. Importantly, a significant group × condition interaction effect was observed. Simple effect analysis revealed a reduction in the differences of late LPP amplitudes between the affect labeling and gender labeling conditions in the PD group compared to the HC group. Furthermore, among PD patients under the affect labeling, the late LPP was negatively correlated with disease severity, symptom frequency, and intensity. PD patients demonstrate abnormalities in implicit emotion regulation, hampering their ability to mobilize cognitive resources for downregulating negative emotions. The late LPP amplitude in response to affect labeling may serve as a potentially valuable clinical indicator of PD severity.

The Wheel of Women: Global Female Artists Expound Lifecycle Themes through 'Calendar'

Since the emergence of the second wave of feminism in the late 1960s, feminist scholars have significantly influenced the study of visual culture, while female artists have made notable strides in exploring form, subject matter, and avant-garde expression. This paper examines the utilization of the "Calendar" motif by several feminist artists as a symbol representing the passage of time. Through this visual language, these artists convey themes intricately linked to the female experience, such as growth, change, maturity, and aging. Their transformative approach extends beyond mere subjects and artistic techniques to encompass a unique perspective characterized by the liberation from external viewpoints and the male-dominated gaze, redirecting attention to the inner world of women. In doing so, female artists offer a nuanced and profound exploration of humanity, emotions, and life experiences, transcending simplistic gender labels and feminist advocacy. The paper explres the evolution of Calendar paintings, shedding light on their depiction of historical and aesthetic shifts in Chinese society. Serving as a hallmark of its era, the Calendar not only chronicles the progression of national capitalism but also mirrors the cultural metamorphosis of old China. Furthermore, the paper explores contemporary female artists' engagement with cyclical themes, illustrating how they navigate the life cycle, natural rhythms, and women's experiences across diverse mediums. Finally, the author's photographic creation is discussed, offering reflections on Chinese women's pursuit of autonomy amidst the interplay of tradition and modernity.

Better-than-chance prediction of cooperative behaviour from first and second impressions.

Could cooperation among strangers be facilitated by adaptations that use sparse information to accurately predict cooperative behaviour? We hypothesise that predictions are influenced by beliefs, descriptions, appearance and behavioural history available for first and second impressions. We also hypothesise that predictions improve when more information is available. We conducted a two-part study. First, we recorded thin-slice videos of university students just before their choices in a repeated Prisoner's Dilemma with matched partners. Second, a worldwide sample of raters evaluated each player using videos, photos, only gender labels or neither images nor labels. Raters guessed players' first-round Prisoner's Dilemma choices and then their second-round choices after reviewing first-round behavioural histories. Our design allows us to investigate incremental effects of gender, appearance and behavioural history gleaned during first and second impressions. Predictions become more accurate and better-than-chance when gender, appearance or behavioural history is added. However, these effects are not incrementally cumulative. Predictions from treatments showing player appearance were no more accurate than those from treatments revealing gender labels and predictions from videos were no more accurate than those from photos. These results demonstrate how people accurately predict cooperation under sparse information conditions, helping explain why conditional cooperation is common among strangers.

GANDER, CHANGE, AND EDUCATION : CASE STUDY: NON-FORMAL EDUCATION PERSPECTIVE IN PEPI Al-BAYQUNIE’S BOOK "CALABAI PEREMPUAN DALAM TUBUH LELAKI"

The historical aspect of the story contributes to the unhealed trauma and strong stereotypes in traditional society about the position of men and the demands placed on them. Puang Matoa Saidi, later called Calabai (in Bugis), is a man with the character of a woman. He was born into a different situation, and grew up under the harsh upbringing of his father (Puang Baso), who considered Saidi's physical condition a disgrace to the family. However, the female character in Saidi's male physique, rejects all treatment from Puang Baso (Saidi's father), that the activities of hoeing, gardening, lifting heavy things, being the head of the family are symbols that should be pinned to a man. By using the Content Analysis Approach-descriptive method. It leads us to understand that there are several main factors that build gender labeling itself, including the development of globalization which focuses on the argument that, labeling of men in the era of globalization has shifted meaning due to technological advances and behavioral changes. Differences in geographical conditions make people's choices very much determined by the conditions in which they live and patriarchal culture contributes more or less to the debate about the position of women before men. And the presence of religious normative interference looks more at aspects of behavior that are based on whether it is prohibited or not.

Age and Gender Prediction using Face Recognition

Abstract: This project focuses on the development and implementation of a robust system for age and gender prediction through facial recognition technology. The increasing demand for intelligent systems capable of analyzing demographic information from facial images has motivated the exploration of advanced machine learning techniques. The methodology involves collecting a diverse dataset of facial images, annotating them with accurate age and gender labels, and employing state-of-the-art deep learning models for feature extraction and prediction. The deep neural network architecture utilized is trained on a large dataset to learn complex patterns and relationships within facial features.

Effects of transgender identity labels on perceptions of gender minorities

ABSTRACT Gender minorities disproportionately experience stigma and violence after coming out. This study was conducted to examine how individuals perceive characters identified with various gender identity labels (transgender man, transgender woman, genderfluid, non-binary, cisgender man, cisgender woman), to better understand the effects of these labels on people’s perceptions. Student participants (N = 498) were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions and read six vignettes briefly describing characters with the aforementioned identities. Conditions included explicit labels (e.g. ‘Mike is a transgender man’), implicit labels (e.g. ‘Mike was assigned female at birth, but now identifies as a man’), and no gender labels. Participants then rated each character on 19 different traits/attributes (e.g. ‘likable’, ‘perverted’, ‘masculine’). All characters were rated more positively when described with an explicit or implicit gender identity label in comparison to the no label control condition. The manipulation of gender labels had little influence on ratings of negative traits. These positive and encouraging results may be partially attributed to the sample which predominantly comprised young, liberal, women and may be indicative of a welcoming university environment for gender minorities. Future studies could further explore this topic by expanding the scope to the larger national population.

Disrupting nature? A critical analysis of the genderless toilet drive represented in South African newspapers

Global cultures and imperialist Western ways of being and doing pervasively penetrate and influence societies and individuals, overarching the nations at the bottom of development. This globality operates unidirectionally, biased toward the Western gravity of power, excluding, disenfranchising, erasing, and debasing the values of the global South’s peripheries. Consequently, the theory of globalization has focused on how localized groups in subaltern developing countries respond to the weighty forces of globalism. This paper presents a critical analysis that explores the omnipotent ideologicalhegemonic power of the media to cultivate, enculturate, and superimpose values normative to the ethos of global culture. We employ critical discourse analysis to analyze seven selected newspapers that reported on a draft proposal by the Department of Basic Education that envisions the eradication of gender labels through the imposition of genderless toilets in South African schools. Critical reading of the newspaper articles demonstrated clear Afrocentric pushbacks; other counternarratives displayed the societal incongruity of such a vision. The media frames corresponded to audience frames that vehemently rejected the unisex toilet proposition. The frames continue to invite readers to question the redefinition of gender identities and performances that promote global cultural values that supposedly disrupt nature.

Структурно-семантические способы гендерного маркирования юридических терминов Великобритании и США

The aim of the study is to determine the structural-semantic ways of gender explication using the legal terminology of the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The paper sheds light on the concept of “gender” in the ordinary and legal sense, substantiates the legitimacy of the influence of the gender factor on the structure and content of legal terms and concepts, provides a detailed description of the linguistic means used for gender labelling of terms. The paper demonstrates the inextricable connection of law, language and gender through the texts of laws, legal definitions, legal discourse. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that using an integrated approach, the main mechanisms of gender labelling of a legal term have been identified for the first time: at the level of structure, namely through a word-formation model, through the formation of compound terms; at the level of meaning, namely through definition. As a result of the study, it has been found that gender is represented in the semantics and structure of legal terms in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The role of gender as a system-forming factor in the development of the Anglo-American legal terminology has been proved.

Peculiarities of gender disambiguation and ordering of non-English authors’ names for Economic papers beyond core databases①

Abstract Purpose To supplement the quantitative portrait of Ukrainian Economics discipline with the results of gender and author ordering analysis at the level of individual authors, special methods of working with bibliographic data with a predominant share of non-English authors are used. The properties of gender mixing, the likelihood of male and female authors occupying the first position in the authorship list, as well as the arrangements of names are studied. Design/methodology/approach A data set containing bibliographic records related to Ukrainian journal publications in the field of Economics is constructed using Crossref metadata. Partial semi-automatic disambiguation of authors’ names is performed. First names, along with gender-specific ethnic surnames, are used for gender disambiguation required for further comparative gender analysis. Random reshuffling of data is used to determine the impact of gender correlations. To assess the level of alphabetization for our data set, both Latin and Cyrillic versions of names are taken into account. Findings The lack of well-structured metadata and the poor use of digital identifiers lead to numerous problems with automatization of bibliographic data pre-processing, especially in the case of publications by non-Western authors. The described stages for working with such specific data help to work at the level of authors and analyse, in particular, gender issues. Despite the larger number of female authors, gender equality is more likely to be reported at the individual level for the discipline of Ukrainian Economics. The tendencies towards collaborative or solo-publications and gender mixing patterns are found to be dependent on the journal: the differences for publications indexed in Scopus and/or Web of Science databases are found. It has also been found that Ukrainian Economics research is characterized by rather a non-alphabetical order of authors. Research limitations Only partial authors’ name disambiguation is performed in a semi-automatic way. Gender labels can be derived only for authors declared by full First names or gender-specific Last names. Practical implications The typical features of Ukrainian Economic discipline can be used to perform a comparison with other countries and disciplines, to develop an informed-based assessment procedure at the national level. The proposed way of processing publication data can be borrowed to enrich metadata about other research disciplines, especially for non-English speaking countries. Originality/value To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale quantitative study of Ukrainian Economic discipline. The results obtained are valuable not only at the national level, but also contribute to general knowledge about Economic research, gender issues, and authors’ names ordering. An example of the use of Crossref data is provided, while this data source is still less used due to a number of drawbacks. Here, for the first time, attention is drawn to the explicit use of the features of the Slavic authors’ names.

Images of Body Shaming in Ezeigbo’s Magic Breast Bags

Body shaming is an old sociological phenomenon that leaves a mark in the life of its recipients and could drive them to take drastic actions in other to fit into societal perceived and accepted looks. Several literary works expose the open criticism and mockery of a person’s physical appearances which could demoralize or impede the mindset of the individuals and yet nothing is done about it in most situations. The act of body shaming is an act of bullying which the effect oftentimes is trivialized in certain situations and communities. Body shaming might not even be regarded as an act of bullying or wrong-doing to a person’s mental state and general perceptions of their being. The objective of this study is to expose the resultant effect of body shaming, proffer ways in which it can be curbs and examine the role of literature as a corrective medium. From a sociological stand point, using the symbolic interactionist perspective theory, this study draws its strength from Akachi Adimora Ezeigbo Magic Breast Bag a collection of short stories with a focus “Magic Breast Bags”, “The Runaway Prophet” and “I Go Drive Myself”. The selected choices aim at exploring the causes of body shaming, the psychological effect of body shaming and the perceived gender labeling of body shaming.

Boosting Of Women Education in Ed- Tech Sector Digital Economy Era

Knowledge and ICT will have a very dominant impact in the future. The role of women and the quality of the education sector will place women in the position of enhancing the quality of science and technology and the future generations of women in world civilization. Based on the substance of the theme, this study examines: How women are classified and explained in the digital economy era and what factors support and hinder women's empowerment in the digital economy era. The research method uses descriptive. The study results show that the linkage of women's empowerment in science and technology can improve the quality of welfare in a country. Digital technology is synonymous with gender labeling than science and technology, making men's position more domain. The effect that causes women to be far behind in technology Women needs to improve the quality of education and master various technology platforms to play a role in multiple sectors, both digital marketing and the development sector and decision-makers. The presence of numerous technologies in education (ED-Tech) at the university level; will boost the learning process for women.

Timing Revealed in Due Course: Exploring Male Perspectives on Menstruation

This study delves into the intricate realm of male perceptions of menstruation, shedding light on the evolving perspectives surrounding this natural biological phenomenon. Shifting away from the conventional notion of “Boys, Men, and Menstruation,” this research focuses on the temporal aspect, emphasizing the revelation of understanding as time progresses. This research investigated the attitudes of males towards menstruation, aiming to unearth nuanced insights that transcend customary stereotypes. The altered emphasis on timing, as opposed to gender labels, prompts an exploration of the societal progression toward inclusivity and enlightenment. By adopting a refined approach, this study aspires to promote dialogue on the topic, forging a path toward broader education and acceptance. Through a multidimensional analysis, this research examines the evolution of viewpoints over various periods, encompassing generational and cultural shifts. The central theme of timing underscores the concept that knowledge and acceptance often occur organically in sync with an individual’s readiness. This resonates with the notion that understanding menstruation involves a developmental process characterized by personal growth and societal maturation. “Timing Revealed in Due Course” elucidates the multifaceted nature of male perspectives on menstruation. This study’s departure from traditional labels underscores the significance of temporal progression in fostering a deeper understanding of this natural process. Recognizing that enlightenment unfolds naturally and is contingent upon individual and collective evolution, this research paves the way for a more empathetic and informed society.

Do men and women differ in the capability of weaving online social networks: A perspective of gender stereotype activation

This study aims to identify the gender difference in online social networks by comparing the condition that gender label is manifest and gender stereotype can be activated easily, with the condition under which gender is concealed and the activation of stereotype is difficult. The data about the follower-followee networks from 15,118 individual users and 5933 institutional users in Sina Weibo, a popular local social networking service, was used to compare the gender difference. The findings of this study tell a significantly different story with the prior gender studies regarding the disparity of social networks between genders. The higher degree centrality and lower closeness centrality of males demonstrates that males are more likely to enjoy a central position in both the immediate neighborhood and the entire virtual community. The higher betweenness centrality of males suggests that people depend more on males to make connections with other people, therefore males are more powerful than females in “controlling” the formation of ties between random pairs of users. However, females can increase the likelihood of forming a social tie and building up the whole network structure. Furthermore, people prefer to make an online social tie with those who have different gender with self.

Triadic family conversations about gender: Children as driving forces and messiness in messages they receive.

The goal of the present study was to unravel the unique contributions of fathers, mothers, and preschoolers to conversations about gender during picture book reading, as well as examining the relationship between parents' gender messages and their stereotypes. The sample consisted of 142 families. During a home visit, triadic parent-child Gender Stereotypes Picture Book reading was filmed to code implicit and explicit forms of gender talk. A computer task (implicit attitudes) and questionnaire (explicit attitudes) were used to measure parents' gender stereotypes. As expected, the gender picture book evoked questions and statements about gender (mostly from mothers). Regarding implicit forms of gender talk (i.e., gender labeling and evaluating activities), we found no structural differences between the three family members in terms of expressing stereotypical or contra-stereotypical ideas. There were also no differences between boys and girls in (receiving and expressing) implicit gender messages about the pictures. Regarding conversations that included explicit forms of gender talk, we found a pattern in which children started most often with a stereotypical comment, followed by questions (mostly mothers), confirmations, and negations by the parents. It was remarkable that children frequently received mixed messages in response to their stereotypical comments, and that children tended to stick to their stereotypical opinion even when challenged by their parents. Parents' gender messages were not structurally related to their gender stereotypes. This study shows that children are a driving force of family conversations about gender, and reveals messiness in the gender messages children receive from their parents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).