Gender Women Research Articles

A Critical Assessment of the Construction of the Image of Middle-aged Women in the Chinese Variety Show Sisters Who Make Waves

With the progress of society and the development of education, the status of women has gradually risen. However, under the patriarchal aesthetic model, middle-aged women are still forced to accept the judgement of patriarchy and gradually lose their "selves". This paper aims to critically assess the image of middle-aged women in the Chinese reality TV variety show Sisters Who Make Wavess to emphasise that women of different ages have the same subjective consciousness and voice on TV and in the media, and to call on middle-aged women to break away from the shackles of age, to show their self-confidence and maturity, as well as to reflect on the role of the media in the promotion of women's development and gender equality.

Leadership and Trust in Higher Education: The Role of ACE Scores and Supervisor Gender in Women’s Experiences

Leadership and Trust in Higher Education: The Role of ACE Scores and Supervisor Gender in Women’s Experiences

Issues of Women's Rights in the Jadid Movement


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 This article delves into the Jadidist movement's influence on women's rights and gender equality within Uzbekistan, emphasizing the pivotal role of enlightened women in societal development. Through the lens of the Jadids' mantra of "Freedom, equality, justice," this study examines their educational endeavors aimed at fostering intellectual growth, political literacy, and a heightened sense of legal consciousness among women. The research reveals a congruence between Jadidist ideals and the aspirations of the New Uzbekistan, highlighting their mutual commitment to societal progress. Employing qualitative analysis, this study elucidates the transformative impact of the Jadidist movement on women's political culture and participation. The findings underscore the significance of aligning progressive ideologies with policy frameworks for advancing gender equality and social development in Uzbekistan and beyond
 Highlights:
 
 The Jadidist movement in Uzbekistan promotes women's rights and gender equality through education and political activism.
 Enlightened women play a crucial role in advancing societal development within the Jadidist framework.
 Alignment between Jadidist ideals and the goals of the New Uzbekistan signifies a promising avenue for enhancing gender equality and political participation.
 
 Keywords: Modern, Progressive, Society, Women, Education
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

An Analysis of Media Representation of Arab Female Athletes: The Case of Al-Jazeera

The coverage of female athletes in sports media has been claimed to exhibit prejudice in favor of male athletes. Therefore, they promote the dominance of traditional masculine hegemony. Accordingly, the present study examines Al-Jazeera's coverage of Arab female athletes participating in the Rio Olympics. The study, therefore, aims to identify Al-Jazeera's strategies for covering Arab female athletes in selected online stories and their ideological perspectives in terms of "Self" or public and "Other" or private dichotomy. Furthermore, it aims to examine the feminist critical discourse analysis perspective in the gendered social practices of the Eastern world. This study analyses two Al-Jazeera news stories using feminist critical discourse analysis. Feminist critical discourse analysis challenges social practices related to gender stereotypes. Occasionally, gender inequalities are manifested explicitly as well as implicitly. Patriarchy persists in many social institutions and among women (and men) globally. The researchers implement Lazar's (2018) Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis. Thus, sports news ideological methods are analyzed using positive "in-group" and negative "out-group" dichotomy. The current research findings indicate that the patriarchal society has been transformed with respect to women's empowerment. Arab female athletes take place in public life as their male counterparts. However, the analyzed data demonstrated Arab women's gender resistance to the stereotypical gender norms. However, the current research is essential for revealing the progress of gender-based hierarchal social norms. Deconstructing conventional unequal gender roles is a key component of this research project's contribution to developing and promoting gender equality in Arabic culture.

Women's Political Empowerment in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Comparison Between the Kurdistan Region in Iraq and the Kurdish Autonomous Administration in Syria

This study examines the role of women’s political participation in empowering women and promoting gender equality in Kurdish society, comparing the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the Kurdish Autonomous Administration in Syria. The research aims to understand how political parties and women’s organizations influence women's empowerment and address gender issues in these regions. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study draws on 15 interviews and 474 surveys from political party members, women’s organizations, government officials, and local residents in Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Dhok, Kerkuk, Halabja, and parts of the Kurdish Autonomous Administration in Syria. The findings show that women’s organizations, particularly in Rojava, have been pivotal in advancing gender equality through initiatives such as Jineology and self-protection strategies. However, women in both regions continue to face significant socio-economic and familial barriers, limiting their political and societal participation. While the regional focus presents a limitation in generalizing the findings, the research provides practical implications for improving women’s political involvement and rights. The study offers original insights by comparing the political empowerment of women across two distinct Kurdish regions, highlighting the critical role of women’s organizations and the need for collaborative efforts to dismantle barriers and promote gender equality in Kurdish society.

The Reduction of the Gender Gap Through Global Value Chains: Political Commitment or Perpetuation of Gender Roles?

The relationship between international trade and the gender gap is complex. On one hand, foreign insertion can generate economic opportunities for women in the export sector. On the other hand, it can also result in heightened competition and the relocation of jobs, especially in the context of global value chains (GVCs). The study on the gender gap through GVCs examines the mechanisms within production networks that contribute to enhance women's economic empowerment and gender equality. The paper analyzes the relationship between the gender gap, GVCs, technological intensity of exports, and female empowerment in the EU-27, investigating whether GVCs could reduce or worsen gender disparities. The aim of this paper is to expand the gender gap studies incorporating the effects of trade in value added in the European Union. The study used a panel of data from various sources, including Eurostat, Trade in Employment (TiM), and the World Bank. The results suggest that an increase in exports, regardless of the level of technological intensity, tends to exacerbate the gender gap in export sectors by increasing the proportion of male workers relative to female workers. However, a higher female participation rate in medium-low technology sectors could reduce the gender gap in export sectors. The study identified obstacles to female insertion in export markets, including the need to improve education and training for women in high-demand areas, promote STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education and labor participation for women. This paper makes significant contributions to the literature by incorporating global value GVCs and considering the European context. Additionally, it provides an in-depth analysis of socioeconomic factors that are crucial for designing policies aimed at addressing gender inequality.

Fulfillment of women's political rights through mainstreaming gender quotas in Election Supervisory Board

This study examines women's political representation as election supervisors, the rules regarding women's representation in accordance with the regulations of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections have not been able to run well. This study uses qualitative research by making observations in the recruitment process of the Election Supervisory Board of the Republic of Indonesia and the affirmation quota of women as election supervisors in Election Supervisory Board, Yogyakarta Special Region Province. This study aims to see the application of regulations on the general election law on women's representation and its application in the recruitment process of election supervisors that accommodate women's representation. This finding shows that there is still a gap in women's representation in election supervisory institutions where the rules regarding 30 percent female representation have been very clearly regulated. Evaluation of these findings requires a policy of changing regulations that regulate sanctions for non-fulfillment of women's representation as one of the solutions to fulfill women's gender kouta as female supervisors. The conclusion of this study is that there are several factors that hinder the fulfillment of women's political rights such as, a wrong understanding of political gender, the risk of becoming a very large election supervisor, socialization of selection that is not right on target and the competence of prospective candidates who lack knowledge about elections.

Women Victimization and Their Survivals: A Critical Analysis of Qaisra Shehraz Novel The Holy Woman

This research delves into the nuanced portrayal of Muslim women's perspectives within an Islamic context, with a specific focus on the literary works of Pakistani-British author Qaisra Shahraz, particularly her novel 'The Holy Woman. This study seeks to unravel the multifaceted narratives that illuminate the lives and struggles of Muslim women. It critically examines existing scholarship on the representation of Muslim women in literature, highlighting the scarcity of research that foregrounds their perspectives and underscoring the significance of Shahraz's novel within this context. Employing a qualitative approach, the research delves into the distinctive traits and evolution of Shahraz's characters, situating the narrative within the broader cultural and historical milieu of Pakistan. Through a gender-focused lens, the study elucidates the intricate dynamics of power structures within the narrative, showcasing the agency and resistance of Muslim women in the face of patriarchal norms and societal pressures. This research enriches the literary landscape with diverse narratives and contributes to the discourse on women's rights and gender equality.

Timorese Women's Efforts in Fighting for Gender Equality (Study of the Decision of the Kefamenanu District Court)

The issue of women's gender equality in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) province provides important insights into gender roles in local communities. In her analysis, Mills highlights that women in Timor still face many challenges in achieving gender equality. Mills also highlights that women in Timor often face discrimination and violence, especially in domestic situations. This suggests that while there are laws that support gender equality, implementation is far from perfect. However, Mills also points out that there are some efforts that have been made to improve gender equality in Timor. This research is descriptive qualitative in nature using the critical discourse analysis approach of the Sara Mills model. The data in this study are Supreme Court decision documents. The subject of the research is the Supreme Court decision document, Kefamenanu district court. The object of research is decisions related to sexual violence against women in 2022 and 2023. The conclusion of this research is that Timorese women can show their existence in facing the patriarchal culture that often discriminates against their people in Timor.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY REVIEWED FROM AN ISLAMIC ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE

Women entrepreneurs play an important role in helping stabilize the economy. Women's orientation to become an entrepreneur is influenced by goals, motives, women's identity and individual characteristics. The realization of women's empowerment and gender equality is one of the priority targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Female entrepreneurs are still considered physically and mentally weak, considered more emotional and less able to balance household work with their business activities. The aim of this research is to analyze the rights and obligations of women who work as businesspeople in terms of gender equality based on a sharia economic perspective. This research analyzes various library sources, both primary sources such as the Al-Quran and Al Hadith as well as library sources from contemporary Islamic figures. The research results show that Islam does not prohibit women from carrying out activities outside the home. Doing good deeds, both men and women who believe in Allah and His Messenger will be rewarded with happiness in this world and the hereafter. Women may carry out activities outside the home but do not abandon their obligations as a wife and mother.

New insights into the rural development economies under the moderating role of gender equality and mediating role of rural women development

In Pakistan, like other developing countries, rural women's participation has emerged as a profound construct, influencing the country's economic structure. In recent years, its vital reproductive role has opened new ways to overcome the issues of gender inequality, unequal financial distribution, and inadequate training and development. Hence, to bridge a gap in the research, the current study aims to determine the mediating and moderating role of rural women's development and gender equality for economic development in the rural areas of Pakistan. Using 249 samples, the analysis is conducted through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. The study's results indicate that skills development and technical training significantly influence rural women's development, whereas access to finance and social networking also ensures economic development in rural areas. With this, the results also confirmed positive mediation and moderation of rural women's development and gender equality. Therefore, in line with these findings, the current study suggests that women's roles in different dimensions of sustainable development are less reflected in the target areas. Policy recommendations focus on practical, legislative, legal, and administrative actions to address these barriers. As such, the study guides policymakers, financial institutions, and governmental organizations to empower rural women by embracing gender equality and economic development.

The rise of home-returning women's entrepreneurship in China's rural development: Producing the enterprising self through empowerment, cooperation, and networking

The phenomenon of return migration is on the rise in China as more young rural women are returning to their home communities for entrepreneurship and small business development, reshaping power structures and social identities in rural areas. This study explores the strategies of rural women entrepreneurs (RWE) in inventing and transforming themselves through personal training, professional education, capacity building, gaining individual success, and building confidence. The study draws on data collected in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, Southwestern China in June 2019 and August 2021. Specifically, the study examines how RWE strategically network with various resources, skills, knowledge, and social capital to negotiate multiple heterogeneous actors in terms of resistance, resilience, and adaptation. Additionally, the study showcases the crucial influence RWE have on maintaining family households, economic benefits, cultural inheritance, and community development.The study provides a case study to understand the life experience, capabilities, and network strategies of rural return migrant women in a fiercely competitive market and complex society, exploring the leadership of women entrepreneurs and the process of how they actively create social value and facilitate social change. This research enriches the scholarship of women's entrepreneurship in China, advancing broader debates including rural renaissance, women's competence, ability construction, gender equality, and social harnessing. It highlights how Chinese rural women use their political and social skills to network multiple actors, reflecting the dramatic social change and cultural shifts in China. The study's ethnographic findings suggest that new paths are needed for entrepreneurship to support these emerging social and economic changes in rural communities.

Change in women's work burden and gender norms of unpaid care work after the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

The COVID-19 pandemic and resultant lockdown has increased the burden of unpaid care work. Hence it is essential to evaluate the crisis response in change of women's work burden and gender norms of their unpaid care work and social status. To investigate change in women's job roles after second the wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on physical and psychological burden of work along with identification of common contributors of gendering of care work. Using a structured questionnaire and simple random sampling technique, the study was conducted on married women (n = 691) in West Bengal, India after the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant job loss (p = 0.014) occurred during COVID-19. Unpaid care work increased (p = 0.04) with reduction in rest hours (p = 0.002). 62.3% women felt increased burden of work. Work burden score increased with age (p = 0.003), reduction of rest (p < 0.001) and increased care work (p = 0.022). Gendering occurred due to male partner's less contribution to care work and respondents' cognitive agreement with expected gender role. Gendering of work is less in urban areas (OR = 0.379, p = 0.008) and higher income group (OR = 5.37, p = 0.026). Women faced more gendering in case of job loss (OR = 9.27, p = 0.001) or if burdened with work (OR = 3.92, P < 0.001). The impact of employability of women on their work role during the COVID-19 outbreak has highlighted both theoretical and practical significance that opens up the scope of further studies at national and larger ethno-geographic levels.

Women's Sexual Autonomy and Short Birth Interval in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multilevel Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data.

Sexual autonomy is an inalienable human right to protect and maintain an informed decision over one's body, sexuality, and sexual experience. With the increased attention to women's empowerment and gender equality all over the world, it is surprising that previous research has overlooked the relationship between women's sexual autonomy and short birth intervals. This study examined the association between women's sexual autonomy and short birth intervals in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Data were sourced from the Demographic and Health Surveys of 29 sub-Saharan African countries conducted from 2010 to 2019. A total of 222,940 women were included in this study. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between sexual autonomy and short birth interval. The results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and significance level was set at p < .05. The overall proportions of sexual autonomy and short birth interval among women in SSA were 75.1% and 13.3%, respectively. Women who reported having sexual autonomy had lower odds of short birth interval [aOR = 0.94; CI = 0.91, 0.96]. The likelihood of short birth interval among women increased with increasing maternal and partner's age but reduced with increasing level of education and wealth index. Given that short birth intervals could have negative maternal and child health outcomes, public health authorities in sub-Saharan African countries should endeavor to promote health interventions and social programs to empower women with low sexual autonomy.

Marital Rape: An Examination of Legal and Social Perspectives in India

This paper delves into the nuanced understanding of marital rape within the context of Indian law and society. While traditional definitions of rape focused on non-consensual intercourse involving impersonation, common law has expanded the definition to encompass non-consensual intercourse without consent, encompassing elements of force, fear, or fraud. This evolution traces back to historical perceptions of ravishment as trespass, later evolving into a capital felony, and eventually being penalized with overseas transportation before transitioning to life imprisonment. India's legal stance on marital rape diverges, considering it an offense only if the wife is under 15 years old. Even with the enactment of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act in 2005, marital rape continues to be classified as a form of domestic violence. Section 498 of the Indian Penal Code broadens the concept of a husband to encompass individuals who have assumed a husband-like role through marriage-like arrangements. Mental cruelty is recognized and penalized under this statute, thereby revealing the Indian Constitution's commitment to ending gender discrimination, albeit with certain gaps in legislation. The analysis also highlights the conflict between exceptions in Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code and married women's fundamental rights and privacy. The repercussions of marital rape extend beyond the wife, affecting children as well. As such, there is a pressing need to advocate for the criminal prosecution of marital rape. By shedding light on the complex legal and social dimensions surrounding marital rape in India, this paper contributes to the discourse on women's rights and gender equality on an international platform.

Transforming food systems: a gendered perspective on local agricultural innovation in Cuba.

Compared to many countries, Cuba has made significant progress in advancing women's rights and gender equity; however, disparities remain. In the country's rural communities and agricultural sector, women continue to face barriers to equal participation and recognition for the value of their work. This case study shares the story of gender equity efforts that have been conducted within the framework of a broader development project-the Project to Strengthen a System of Innovation in Local Agricultural Development (PIAL, for its initials in Spanish). PIAL began in 2001 as a participatory plant-breeding initiative aimed at increasing the genetic diversity of key crops such as maize and beans. Over the course of two decades, the project's goals expanded to include an emphasis on increasing women's participation. In the beginning, those efforts focused on including women in the participatory plant-breeding activities, which enabled them to prioritize traits they cared about such as grain texture, cooking speed, and taste in the selection process. Over time, the participatory nature of the PIAL methodology empowered women to identify and pursue capacity-building in other areas of local agricultural innovation. While PPB remained central to PIAL, women also chose to pursue opportunities in seed bank management, leadership training, and small-scale farm-based entrepreneurship. The results of the PIAL work on gender have included not just more inclusive plant breeding, but also important economic improvements for rural women as they have been able to diversify their livelihoods, and social change as they have gained confidence and recognition as leaders in their households, communities, and beyond.

RELASI GENDER PEREMPUAN DALAM TEKS LA GALIGO

This research is qualitative, using the descriptive method. This study aims to analyze the gender relations of women in the La Galigo text based on NBG 188 Volume 3 using equilibrium theory. This study uses library research methods. The results of the research show that women's gender relations are developed equally, where women are not only involved and have a role in domestic affairs but also in the public. Things that are generally done by men are also done by women. For example, women can express opinions and make decisions regarding their household lives. Women are given the trust to do things that are usually done by men; even women can give orders as well as men.

Fostering Inclusive Growth: Exploring Gender Dynamics and Loan Sizes in Microfinance Institutions

The financial landscape has witnessed a growing focus on the role of women in driving economic development and achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). The global pursuit of the SDGs, notably in gender equality and women's empowerment, has highlighted the importance of women's economic involvement. Recognizing the critical role that microfinance institutions (MFIs) play in encouraging inclusive economic growth and poverty alleviation, this study investigated how strategic gender dynamics within MFIs affect loan size. The study addresses a critical gap in understanding the gender dynamics within MFIs concerning women's presence at various echelon positions and their involvement, notably evaluating their impact on loan size. The study examines a meticulously curated dataset consisting of 1295 MFIs from 102 countries by analyzing selected gender dynamics such as women's echelon position, women's focus, gender diversity, target market and outreach. The study's findings, distilled into four configurational solutions, gave fascinating insights into the circumstances under which numerous factors interact to determine loan size in MFIs. Core conditions such as target market, women focus and female outreach were identified as critical drivers of loan size outcomes in various configurations. The implications of women's focus were particularly noteworthy, indicating that a concerted effort to prioritize women's engagement can significantly contribute to increased loan size in MFIs. The findings of this study serve as a foundation for establishing a more equitable and prosperous future through empowered women and effective microfinance practices on a global scale.

Exploring the causal association among expertise level, preference buying and post-purchase satisfaction for organic products in India

The purpose of the current study is to examine how consumers' preference-buying behaviours are influenced by their level of expertise and, ultimately, if preference-buying results in post-purchase pleasure. We conduct an empirical analysis based on the views of green product users. For our case study, we take organic foods into account. Environment protection has received more attention in recent years. Organizations have therefore placed a strong emphasis on creating green products. Consumer behaviour has changed in relation to green items as well. One of the focal points for strategic organisational decision-making has been green marketing. However, it is crucial to ask about how consumer behaviour is changing in this setting. In this study, we aim to find out answers to the following research questions such as: Are the customers be satisfied after purchasing the green products? Are the expertise level (EL) of the consumers is compelling for preference buying behaviour (PBB)? Is EL is acting as the predecessor of PBB? RQ4: Does PBB meets with post-purchase satisfaction (PPS) of the consumers? RQ5: Is gender acting as an influencer in the relationship of EL, PBB and PPS? 104 individuals from a variety of demographic backgrounds took part in our survey. To test our ideas, we discover the Kendall's tau-b and Somers'd. The link between EL, PBB, and PPS is supported by statistical analysis results. Additionally, we see that the link between EL, PBB, and PPS is influenced by women's gender.

가족 내 성역할 태도와 배우자 만족도와의 관계

The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of gender role attitudes at home on spouse satisfaction through stress parameters. To this end, the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family's family status survey data were used to analyze married women. As a result of the study, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to verify the mediating effect of psychological and external stress on the effect of gender role attitudes in the family recognized by married women on spouse satisfaction. Psychological and external stress, which is a parameter, was found to completely mediate the relationship between married women's gender role attitudes and spouse satisfaction in the family. Based on these results, practical implications can be drawn that strategic measures of gender role attitudes in the family that can improve spouse satisfaction of married women can be effectively and efficiently sought when they aim to reduce psychological and external stress in their daily lives.