Gender Women Research Articles

Gender emancipation and its impact on happiness: An examination of the happy wife, happy life formula

The adage "happy wife, happy life" implies that women's gender emancipation could contribute to the overall societal quality of life. However, it raises at least two questions: Does advancing women's rights lead to increased happiness for women? Is it possible that advancing women’s rights occurs at the expense of men? The study examines the relationship between gender emancipation and happiness, aiming to determine whether gender emancipation genuinely enhances the happiness of both women and men, and whether the focus on women’s well-being might negatively impact men. Data from the World Values Survey were used to conduct cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. The cross-sectional analysis focused on the relationship between emancipation and happiness, while the longitudinal analysis explored trends in gender emancipation and happiness from the 3rd cohort (1995-1998) to the 7th cohort (2017-2022). Women had higher gender emancipation scores, but the genders did not differ significantly in happiness scores. Surprisingly, there was no significant correlation between gender emancipation and happiness, whether analysing the entire sample or each gender separately. Longitudinal data revealed increasing gender emancipation and happiness over time. This similarity in trends was interpreted as a spurious relationship. It was hypothesised that happiness could stem from gender emancipation. However, despite longitudinal data revealing growing gender emancipation and happiness for both sexes, the cross-sectional analysis showed no such correlations. Gender emancipation and happiness, as measured by the World Values Survey, were not related. Emancipation does not necessarily equate to a happy life.

Women Empowerment in Rural Sindh: A Case Study of Pano Aqil, Pakistan

This research paper investigates the strategies to enhance women's empowerment and address gender inequality in rural Sindh, with a focus on Pano Aqil. Through a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative data analysis, the study explores the current level of awareness regarding women's rights and empowerment, the impact of traditional practices such as Jirgas and Panchayats, and the opportunities and barriers to education and employment for women. Additionally, it evaluates the perceived effectiveness of legal reforms and assesses awareness of harmful practices like 'Karo-Kari.' The study reveals significant gaps in awareness, persistent gender biases, and the ongoing influence of traditional practices on women's rights. By addressing these issues, the research aims to provide actionable insights and recommendations for policymakers, community leaders, and organizations to improve women's empowerment and reduce gender inequality in rural Sindh.

Using self-study approach to critique gender stereotyping and discrimination on family resources for girls and women: educational implications

Girls and women continue to suffer at the hands of patriarchal society that excludes them in family resource allocation. The primary objective of this paper is to examine the challenge that leads to the exclusion of family resource allocation in the form of educational resources for African girls and women. This paper adopts a self-study research approach, which is undergirded by interpretivism philosophical methodology. Intersectional feminism offers a lens for questioning the domination and supremacy of patriarchal society that perpetuates girls’ and women’s vulnerability in the acquisition of family resources in this age. We then discuss how girls and women lead lives marred by hunger, poverty, and inequality. Furthermore, we discuss gender violence and inequality, girl commodification, lessons from matriarchal and patriarchal polities, and gender discrimination at the workplace. We recommend that gender stereotypes and discrimination be eliminated in all social settings; and that at family, society and workplace levels. Finally, that educational institution should reconstruct curricula that should purposively interrogate girls and women's gender stereotyping and discrimination, GBV and other gender issues.

Girls play basketball too? A study of the mechanisms of traditional social gender consciousness on female participation in contact leisure sports.

With the development of women's sports, the mechanism of barriers to women's leisure sports participation has attracted extensive attention from the academic community. Despite its significant impact, there are few empirical studies on intra-personal barriers. Consequently, a structural equation model was established to examine the relationships between traditional social gender awareness, gender bias, gender stereotypes, and barriers to participation in leisure sports. In this study, a total of 508 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using AMOS 24.0 software for structural equation modeling. After model testing, the relationships between the variables were examined. The results of the statistical analyses indicated that traditional gender awareness could serve as an antecedent variable for barriers to participation in leisure sports, and that gender stereotypes mediated the relationship between traditional gender awareness and barriers to participation in leisure sports. The study also concluded that gender bias could not mediate the relationship between traditional gender awareness and participation barriers in leisure sports, but gender bias and gender stereotypes could act as chain mediators in the process of the influence of traditional gender awareness on barriers to contact leisure sports. This study emphasizes the need for women to break down the traditional social gender awareness, gender bias, gender stereotypes, and other intra-personal barriers when engaging in leisure sport participation. According to this study, the promotion of sustained and healthy development of women's sport requires the breaking down of traditional social gender awareness education and the creation of more gender-inclusive sports policies and environments. The significance of the study is that by proposing and confirming the internal participation barriers to women's participation in contact leisure sports, it will lead to the ideological liberation of women's gender perspectives, so that they can break down the participation barriers to contact leisure sports, participate in sports activities, and enjoy the right to play sports on an equal footing.

Predicting change in relationship distress and depressive symptoms among couples in Taiwan: The role of attachment, emotional expressivity, and gender roles in Emotionally Focused Therapy.

This pilot study examined predictors of change in relationship distress and depressive symptoms over the course of Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) in a one-arm, pragmatic clinical trial of 17 couples in Taiwan. Results revealed that masculine ideology, feminine ideology, traditionalism, and emotional expressivity at intake predicted change in relationship distress. Specifically, women's high traditional gender roles and traditionalism and both partners' high emotional expressivity at intake were associated with decreases in relationship distress over time. In addition, attachment and emotional expressivity predicted change in depressive symptoms. Specifically, high attachment avoidance, high attachment anxiety, and high emotional expressivity at intake were associated with decreases in depressive symptoms over time. While more research is needed, these findings offer preliminary support for the types of partners who may experience more improvement after receiving EFT in Taiwan.

“Exploring Gender and Identity in 20th-Century Literature: Feminist Perspectives in Doris Lessing's The Golden Notebook and Angela Carter's The Bloody Chamber”

This research investigates the themes of identity and gender in twentieth-century literature, with an emphasis on the role of feminism in Doris Lessing's The Brilliant Notebook )1962) and Angela Carter's The Bloody Chamber (1979). The research aims to examine how the two writers question and dismantle conventional gender roles, featuring the impact of women's activist ideas in molding female identity inside the setting of the sociopolitical changes of the 20th 100 years. The objectives are to examine the women's perspectives introduced in every text, research the depiction of female independence, and investigate the crossing point of gender, power, and personality in the account structures. The methodology is a relative scholarly examination, using women's activist and gender theory structures to examine the texts. Essential sources, including the two books, are broken down closely by optional academic deals with women's activist scholarly analysis. Key subjects like female freedom, the disruption of man-centric designs, and the rehash of personality are investigated through character development, narrative techniques, and imagery. The outcomes show that both Lessing and Carter utilize their attempts to challenge regulating gender builds, with Lessing's The Brilliant Notebook focusing on the fracture and remaking of female identity, and Carter's The Bloody Chamber utilizing Gothic and fantasy themes to scrutinize conventional gender roles. The conversation underlines how each creator adds to women's activist artistic talk by offering complex, nuanced depictions of ladies who explore, oppose, and eventually reshape the jobs forced upon them by man-centric culture. This study concluded that Lessing and Carter, through their specific strategies, offer tough women's dissident assessments that continue to reverberate in contemporary discussions on gender and identity. Their novels feature the phenomenal ability of writing to test gender principles and advance feminist ideologies. Keywords: Gender, Identity, Feminism, The Golden Notebook, The Bloody Chamber

Kontribusi Pemikiran Tokoh Feminisme Islam

Women in Islamic studies have reached a very important position. Many gender activists have discussed this topic, especially regarding gender equality. Several prominent feminist figures in the struggle for women's rights and gender equality include Qasim Amin, Amina Wadud Muhsin, and Fatimah Mernissi. Each of them has their own views about women. This article was prepared with the aim of presenting several opinions from these feminist figures and then extracting them. The writing of this article applies library research methods by collecting library materials sourced from books, journals and online articles. Based on this study, the view is obtained that Islamic feminist thought is very influential in reconstructing the interpretation of the position of women in Islamic law. This is a form of confirmation that interpretation is a subjective matter that is greatly influenced by the interpreter. Muslim feminist thought is actually relevant to the current context where men and women have equal positions.

Dampak Pembangunan Gender terhadap Kemiskinan di Kota-Kota Besar di Indonesia Tahun 2017-2022

This research aims to analyze the influence of women's participation in parliament, the women's gender development index, women's per capita income and women's life expectancy on women's poverty levels in big cities in Indonesia for the 2017-2022 period. This research is quantitative research using the panel data regression method with the best model, namely the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results of the simultaneous significant test show that in 2017-2022 the variables Women's Participation, Women's Gender Development Index, Women's Per Capita Income and Women's Life Expectancy have a simultaneous effect on Women's Poverty Levels in big cities in Indonesia in 2017-2022. The results of the partial significance test show that the variable Women's Life Expectancy has a negative and significant effect on women's poverty in 2017-2022. Meanwhile, the variables Women's Participation, Women's Gender Development Index, and Women's Per Capita Income do not have a significant effect on women's poverty in 2017-2022.

Effects of brand awareness and feminist message level in femvertising: An experimental study

Femvertising is a general advertisement term that builds awareness of women's issues, rights, and gender equality. This particular type of advertisement is used by brands with the expectation that it will be effective on women, especially women with high levels of feminism. This study aims to determine the effects of brand awareness and the level of feminist messages on brand trust, word of mouth (WoM), attitude toward advertisements, and purchase intention. To achieve this aim, a 2 × 2 experimental design was used to manipulate the level of brand awareness and the level of feminist messages in the advertisement. A total of 405 women with high feminist attitudes participated in the experiment. Data analyses revealed that brand awareness exerts a positive effect on brand trust, but the level of feminist messages does not exert any significant effect on either brand trust or purchase intentions. Furthermore, data analyses showed that less familiar brands can achieve more positive results in attitude toward advertising and WoM if they use strong feminist messages in their advertisements, compared to well-known brands.

Gender Relations between Men and Women in Village Government Decision-Making

study aims to examine the dynamics of gender relations in decision-making in Pesagi village, Kayen sub-district, Pati district. The main focus of this research is to understand the extent to which women are involved in the decision-making process and how to improve the role of women in line with the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 on Villages, which provides new opportunities for women's participation. This research uses a qualitative approach with the methods of in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis to obtain a comprehensive picture of women's participation in village decision-making. By testing the validity of the data using the Triangulation technique, namely comparing and reviewing the degree of trust in information obtained through different times and tools in qualitative research. The results show that despite formal recognition of women's role in village governance, their active participation is still limited. Women tend to be involved in domestic and community issues, such as health and social welfare, while men dominate areas of physical village development. Deep-rooted gender stereotypes and inequalities in access and opportunity are also factors inhibiting women's participation, and decision-making by women is often influenced by men. Based on the explanation from the analysis of men's and women's gender relations in decision-making in Pesagi village, to increase women's participation in village decision- making, a comprehensive strategy is needed, including training and capacity building, setting quotas for women's representation, and active support from the female village head. So that women can contribute more significantly to village development and ensure gender-equitable policies.

Women at the Crossroads of Worlds: Gender Dynamics and Strategies in the Novels of Jasmina Musabegović

Women at the crossroads of worlds: gender dynamics and strategies in Jasmina Musabegovic's novels The paper examines various aspects of women's lives “at the crossroads of worlds” exploring the complex dimensions of their experiences, identities, and role in different social, cultural, and geopolitical contexts. Analysis of gender implications often involves a combination of different theoretical approaches to gain a more complete understanding of how society shapes and reflects gender roles and identities. In the novels by Jasmina Musabegović Skretnice (1986), Most (1994), and Žene. Glasovi. (2005) From the disposition of contemporary feminist epistemology, we (re)interpret the position of a woman who is in a relationship (with someone), and not exclusively in the socially constructed role of an object. By reflecting, on the analyzed novels, women's experiences, gender dynamics, and gender-specific issues through the prism of different feminist perspectives and feminist theoretical practices, we realized that women in traditional societies also developed different strategies that enabled survival, adaptation, and partial coping with the limitations of patriarchal structures. These strategies varied depending on the culture, period, and social context.

Differences in whole blood before and after hemodialysis session of subjects with chronic kidney disease measured by Raman spectroscopy.

This study aimed to identify differences in the composition of whole blood of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), before and after a hemodialysis session (HDS), and possible differences in blood composition between stages and between genders using Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA). Whole blood samples were collected from 40 patients (20 women and 20 men), before and after a HDS. Raman spectra were obtained and the spectra were evaluated by PCA and partial least squares (PLS) regression. Mean spectra and difference spectrum between the groups were calculated: stages Before and After HDS, and gender Women and Men, which had their most intense peaks identified. Stage: mean spectra and difference spectrum indicated positive peaks that could be assigned to red blood cells, hemoglobin and deoxi-hemoglobin in the group Before HDS. There was no statistically significant difference by PCA. Gender: mean spectra and difference spectrum Before HDS indicated positive peaks that could be assigned to red blood cells, hemoglobin and deoxi-hemoglobin with greater intensity in the group Women, and negative peaks to white blood cells and serum, with greater intensity in the group Men. There was statistically significant difference by PCA, which also identified the peaks assigned to white blood cells, serum and porphyrin for Women and red blood cells and amino acids (tryptophan) for Men. PLS model was able to classify the spectra of the gender with 83.7% accuracy considering the classification per patient. The Raman technique highlighted gender differences in pacients with CKD.

Factors, motivations and barriers associated with eagerness to volunteer in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials in France: A mixed-method study

IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an unprecedented effort to engage people in clinical vaccine research. Most of the French volunteers registered in the first weeks after the launch in October 2020 of COVIREIVAC, an electronic platform dedicated to COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials (VCT). In the context of pandemic preparedness, identifying factors associated with eagerness or hesitancy to participate in VCT may help to increase recruitment of volunteers from diverse backgrounds. MethodsWe used a mixed-method survey offered to the volunteers registered on the COVIREIVAC platform, and semi-directed interviews in participants to COVID-19 VCTs. Volunteers were divided into three categories: early volunteers (EV), registered before the launch of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, middle volunteers (MV) registered between the first of January 2021 and the generalization of the COVID-19 vaccination to the entire population in May 2021, and late volunteers (LV) registered afterward. ResultsAmong the 56,101 COVIREIVAC registered volunteers, 2,741 (4.9 %) completed the survey, 1,915 (69.6%) were EV, 301 (11.0%) were MV and 525 (19.2 %) were LV. Sixteen were face-to-face interviewed. Age, educational level, attitudes toward vaccination evaluated with the 5C-model did not differ between EV and MV. Women gender and the possibility to choose the vaccine platform was associated with being a MV. LV were significantly younger, had a lower educational level and had less positive attitudes toward vaccines than EV and MV. The main motivations for participation in VCTs were altruistic notably in EV and MV. For LV, they registered in the hope to choice the vaccine technology. Among the respondents, 2,041 (74.5 %) would consider to participate in a non-COVID-19 VCT. ConclusionLV on the COVIREIVAC platform had a distinct profile from EV and MV, and were less confident in vaccines. Restoring confidence in vaccines and clinical may help to engage more diverse populations in VCTs.

Construction of Gender Equality in Arab News Media: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Women in Arabia are often seen as subjects who need liberation from the constraints of patriarchal culture. Based on a report released by the United Nation in 2020, Saudi Arabia has big challenges in terms of women's empowerment and gender equality. The subject of limited space for women in Arabia has been extensively examined in earlier works from social and political science perspectives. However, there has been a lack of research on this topic from a linguistic viewpoint, particularly in the field of critical discourse analysis. This study aims to examine how Arab media portrays gender equality in the context of reporting on Arab government policy concerning women's rights. This research uses a critical discourse analysis approach initiated by Fairclough (1995) and a transitivity system approach introduced by Halliday (2014). This study discovered that the Arab media perceives Saudi Arabia's policy change on women's rights in a positive light. It is depicted as a demonstration of gender equality, a representation of the women's liberation movement, and a significant advancement that will propel Arab nations forward. In this particular instance, it pertains to the advancement of gender equality, which is being achieved through the implementation of policy reforms by the Saudi Arabian government with regards to women's rights. The reporting that is carried out can be a tool to guide public opinion, in this case, what is being constructed is gender equality which is realized through the Saudi Arabian government's policy reforms regarding women's rights.

Gender transformative innovation: Women's inclusion in livestock vaccine systems in northern Ghana

CONTEXTOwning livestock can support women's empowerment and progress toward gender-equitable agri-food systems. Gender inequality, however, can reduce women's ownership of livestock and access to animal vaccines. Gender accommodative approaches (GAAs), and more recently gender transformative approaches (GTAs), are increasingly implemented in development interventions. However, their impact on women's empowerment has not been systematically tested. Here, we describe the ‘Women Rear Project’, implemented in northern Ghana between 2019 and 2023, and assess the impact of GTAs and GAAs on women's empowerment, ownership of livestock, and access to animal vaccines. OBJECTIVEWe sought to systematically assess changes conferred by GAAs and GTAs on gender norms and women's empowerment and access to animal vaccines. METHODSUsing a mixed-methods approach, in 2021 and 2023 we collected quantitative and qualitative data regarding women's empowerment, gender norms, and access to animal vaccines. Qualitative data regarding women's and men's conceptualizations of gender norms and women's empowerment were obtained via focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Quantitative survey data were obtained from 500 households, using the Women's Empowerment in Livestock Index (WELI). Quantitative data on livelihood indicators were also collected, using the Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) tool. We systematically assessed changes between baseline (2021) and endline (2023) in local conceptualizations of empowerment in the livestock sector, the effects of GTAs and GAAs on such conceptualizations, and how empowerment was experienced by women and men and the implications for women's access to animal vaccines. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONLocal conceptualizations of empowerment in 2021, among both women and men, emphasized financial independence, decision-making autonomy, self-reliance, and problem-solving skills. In 2023, this conceptualization of empowerment had expanded to include the ability to act without external restrictions; women were empowered by managing resources, running successful businesses, and making decisions in consultation with their husbands. Furthermore, women in communities where GTAs had been enacted scored significantly higher in empowerment compared with women in communities where only GAAs had been introduced. Gender norms impacted empowerment indicators, with respect among household members and autonomy in income both contributing to disempowerment. Gender norms also affected respondents' reporting. Women's access to livestock vaccines was more positive in GTA/GAA communities. We recommend efforts are made to reduce restrictive gender norms and enhance women's empowerment and access to resources such as animal vaccines. SIGNIFICANCEWe offer recommendations for pathways toward women's empowerment and healthy livestock via inclusive innovations in agri-food systems.

Exploring the linkage between TV shows and women's empowerment in a metropolitan city of Pakistan

In Pakistan, Television (TV) morning shows attained a lot of popularity among urban women over time due to the presentation of women centric content. This study has attempted to analyze the content of TV morning shows and assessed its linkage with women's empowerment (WE) by considering a case of Lahore – a metropolitan city of Pakistan. The study relied on qualitative information from 66 episodes of selected five leading morning shows and survey data of 260 urban women viewers of TV morning shows. Content analysis of morning shows revealed that around 38–77 % episodes (varying across TV morning shows) presented the content on WE, and 44–60 % episodes invited women celebrities to portray their success journey to influence the learning behaviour of women viewers. Surveyed women perceived that the learnings from TV morning shows, particularly from the success stories of celebrities, have been effective for influencing different aspects of their empowerment such as their mobility and participation in social networking, their awareness on financial matters, choice of career and participation in household level decision making. Econometric analysis also validated the positive relationship between TV morning shows and women empowerment. Based on findings, it can be concluded that TV morning shows mainly have positive influence on women's learning behaviour and informally sensitize them on different aspects of their empowerment. Based on findings, the study highlights that well-planned TV morning shows may trigger a change in the behaviour of the public on a larger scale to achieve national objectives on women's empowerment and gender equality.

Comparison of 9th Grade History Textbooks Used in 2013 and 2023 in Terms of Women's History

As an extension of women's history and gender equality studies, the level of visibility of women in history textbooks and the reflection of their historical roles in textbooks has become an important area of research. The language, information, and visuals used in history textbooks are considered very important data tools for these studies. In this research, which has a qualitative approach, the 9th grade history textbooks taught in 2013 and 2023 were compared in terms of women's history. The aim of the research is to make a comparison of the 9th grade history textbooks taught in 2013 and 2023 in terms of women's history and to reveal the point reached regarding women's history. In line with this purpose, document analysis was preferred as the method. The 9th grade history textbooks were selected through the purposive sampling method. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. According to the findings of the study, history textbooks reveal a regression in terms of women's history. Most of the female names identified in the history textbooks taught in 2013 are not included in the history textbooks used in 2023. The visuals in the book are not sufficient in terms of women's history. It can be thought that the changing history programs have an impact on this outcome since textbooks are written within the framework of history programs. It can also be argued that not enough sensitivity has been shown to the inclusion of women's history in textbooks.

On the basis of sex: a liberal feminist analysis of women’s struggle for education

This study delves into the portrayal of women's struggles for education as depicted in the Hollywood film “On the Basis of Sex.” It seeks to address the pervasive influence of patriarchal dominance that impedes women's educational rights. The narrative is primarily framed around the life experiences of the film's central figure, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, who contends with male counterparts in her quest for admission to prestigious law school programs in the United States. Simultaneously, feminists advocate for education as a cornerstone for women's empowerment and gender equality. It empowers women to become agents of change, thereby emphasising their equal rights to shape a better world. The research adopts a qualitative approach, collecting both primary and secondary data, and employs liberal feminist critical theory for data analysis. Key findings reveal the disadvantaged state of American women in the late 1950s, marked by limited educational access. Despite these obstacles, women, exemplified by Ginsburg, displayed unwavering determination and unity in their pursuit of improved educational opportunities, subsequently expanding their presence in the legal profession and public employment. Ginsburg’s remarkable journey serves as an enduring symbol of resilience and inspiration for others, reaffirming the notion that education is a universal right transcending gender barrier.

"We are mothers, sisters, and lovers too": Examining young Black women's experiences navigating sex and sexual health.

In Canada, there is a lack of research that addresses the sexual health and well-being of African, Caribbean, and Blackyoung women. This paper aims to gather perspectives of young Black women to address the social contexts of how young Black women navigate issues related to sex and sexual health. Young Black women experience unique dynamics in navigating their sexualities and sexual healthcare. The nuanced experiences stem from social contexts with historical underpinnings, such as the perception of Black women's bodies, Black identity, gender roles, and sexual double standards. This Community-Based Participatory Researchstudy (N = 24) utilized focus groups to examine young Black women's experiences navigating sexual health. Employing a thematic analysis, participants identified four themes representing their narratives of navigating sexual health. The themes included the perceptions and hypersexuality of Black women's bodies, navigating sexual double standards and gender roles as Black women, diverse Blackness, and migration experiences concerning sexual health and surveillance of Black women's bodies. This paper is intended to add to scholarly discourse and will include practical strategies for use by researchers and community practitioners in sexual health within the Black community.

Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Women Empowerment and Work-Life Balance Enhancement in Management

This research article explores the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in empowering women in various aspects of life, particularly in management and work-life balance. AI offers a plethora of opportunities to support women's empowerment, and this study highlights several ways in which AI can contribute to their advancement. By offering flexible and affordable learning opportunities, AI can empower women to acquire new skills and knowledge, enabling them to pursue fulfilling careers and leadership roles. In the healthcare sector, AI-powered solutions can improve access to healthcare for women in remote or disadvantaged regions. AI-driven diagnostics and virtual health aides enable early detection of health issues, facilitating prompt and effective treatment. In the workplace, AI can help identify trends in gender inequality, wage discrepancies, and other injustices. Armed with these insights, employers can take specific actions to promote a diverse and inclusive workplace, offering women equal opportunities to advance in their careers. Furthermore, AI-powered personal assistants can assist women in managing their daily responsibilities and schedules effectively, facilitating a better work-life balance. Additionally, AI-powered security and surveillance systems can enhance workplace and public safety, contributing to a safer environment for women to commute, work, and interact. AI can also play a vital role in promoting social change and advocacy for women's rights and gender equality. In times of crisis and humanitarian contexts, AI can offer support in disaster response, resource allocation, and medical aid, catering to the unique challenges women may face in such situations. This research article emphasizes the importance of women's empowerment in society and how AI can act as a catalyst for positive change. By leveraging AI's capabilities while prioritizing the well-being and equality of women, this study seeks to create a more inclusive and empowering environment for women in management and beyond