Gender Research Articles

Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Depressive Disorder: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Depression not only fosters the development of metabolic syndrome through behavioral, physiological, genetic, and treatment-related factors, but it also doubles the risk of experiencing metabolic syndrome. The objectives were to assess the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients with depressive disorder, to assess the various metabolic parameters of metabolic syndrome in patients with depressive disorder, and to study the association between the severity of depression and metabolic syndrome. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients diagnosed with depression (n = 160) attending the Psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary healthcare facility in Puducherry. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and modified National Cholesterol Education Program—Adult Treatment Panel-III (NCEP ATP-III) criteria were used to assess the severity of depression and diagnose metabolic syndrome, respectively. Results: The mean age at onset of depression was 31.4 years (+11.3); the duration of depression was 41.2 months (+32.5); and the severity of depression as assessed using the HAM-D was 17.9 (+6.3). The results showed that 27.5% of patients had metabolic syndrome. Factors associated with higher rates of metabolic syndrome included increasing age, female gender (79.5%), being single (25.0%), belonging to upper socioeconomic class (65.9%), non-Hindu religion (20.5%), and urban residence (72.7%) ( P < .05). Patients with metabolic syndrome had later onset (36.4 years) and longer duration (51.6 months) of depression, more severe symptoms (18.2), and were more likely to have recurrent depressive disorder or dysthymia (88.6%) ( P < .05). Furthermore, the current use of psychotropic medications (59.1%) and obesity (93.2%) were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome ( P < .05). Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with depressive disorders linked to factors such as age, gender, marital status, socioeconomic status, religion, and urban residence. Integrated care approaches, including comprehensive screening and targeted interventions, are crucial for improving both mental and metabolic health outcomes.

GENDER DYNAMICS AND ROLE PERFORMANCE AMONG FEMALE POLICE OFFICERS IN KWARA STATE POLICE COMMAND, ILORIN

Discrimination against female gender is a universal phenomenon and it is more evident in Africa particularly Nigeria. The female gender is being stereotyped in almost all facets of human life including the police force. The disparity in career opportunities, promotions, and workload distribution between genders is troubling and demoralizing for women, especially among female police officers. Because of its historically unequal representation of men and women, the police profession is deeply patriarchal and male dominated. Women are still underrepresented in the Nigerian Police, despite the country's policy of making reservation for them. As a result, this study examined gender dynamics and role performance among female police officers in Kwara State, Nigeria. The Radical Feminist Theory and Liberal Feminism constitute the theoretical framework for the study. Descriptive design was adopted and 50 female officers, ranging in rank from corporal to chief inspector were purposively selected from the Divisional Police Headquarters in Ilorin, Kwara State. Data were gathered using questionnaire while analysis was done using descriptive statistics, including percentages, frequency counts, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that the various gender relations experience of female police officers in the Kwara State include sexual harassment, bullying and intimidation and lack of respect. The study recommends that Police departments should establish mandatory training programs focused on gender sensitivity, diversity, and inclusion, while efforts should be made to create support networks, mentorship programs, and flexible work arrangements for female police personnel.

Female youth sport participation and gender role beliefs around occupational suitability in later life: exploring the associations

ABSTRACT Purpose: Many professional fields remain highly male-dominated and this has been linked to people’s gender role beliefs around occupational suitability. Youth sport participation has often been presumed to influence people’s gender role beliefs in later life, but there is a lack of empirical evidence around this. This study examines the associations between female youth sport participation and gender role beliefs around occupational suitability in later life. Methodology: An online survey was administered, resulting in 501 responses from women aged 18-74. In-depth interviews were conducted with five women. Findings: The survey found a significant association between pre-college participation in “masculine” sports and gender role beliefs around occupational suitability, but not between frequency of participation, or participation in competitive and/or team sport. The interviews provided further insight, highlighting the importance of family environment and self-confidence. Practical implications: The findings provide empirical evidence for practitioners and policymakers involved in designing sport activities for young people. Research contribution: This study develops the evidence base around the influence of youth sport participation on gender role beliefs in later life and offers suggestions for future research. Originality: This is the first study that directly measures the relationship between female youth sport participation and gender role beliefs around occupational suitability in later life.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Deep Vein Thrombosis with Acute Stroke: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious complication in stroke patients and may lead to the devastating consequences of a pulmonary embolism. The risk factors for DVT in acute stroke are advanced age, high National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, hemiparesis, immobility, female gender, atrial fibrillation. The present study is aimed at identifying the prevalence and risk factors for DVT in acute stroke patients. Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study conducted in of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023. Data was collected in a preformed questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Continuous variables were analyzed in the form of the means with standard deviations (Mean ± SD). Categorical variables were shown as numbers and proportions. Continuous data were analyzed using the independent samples t-test. Categorical data were analyzed using the chi-squared test. Univariate variables with a p-value of <0.05 were retained in a binary logistic regression model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed by identifying the area under the ROC curve (AUC) to evaluate the performance of the logistic regression model. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value of < 0.05. Results: A total of 106 patients with acute stroke (AS) were included in the study. The included patients were divided into two groups: DVT and non-DVT group. Out of 106 patients, 34(32.07%) patients presented with DVT. Patients with DVT were older than those without DVT (62.7 ± 10.7 vs. 56.5 ± 11.9 years, p < 0.05). Females were more affected by DVT (58.88% vs. 26.85%, p<0.05). In the DVT group, the level of D-dimer was significantly higher than that in the non- DVT group (2.2 ± 1.7 vs. 0.45 ± 1.1, p < 0.05). Elevated CRP and low serum albumin level were also observed in DVT group which was statistically significant. (p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age>60years, NIHSS score>25 and a D-dimer level of ≥ 1.52 μg/mL and caprine score >6 were independent factors for the presence of DVT at the time of stroke admission. Odds ratio for age, Caprini RAM score, NIHSS score and elevated d-dimer were 1.043(1.000–1.075, p=0.029),1.43(0.85-0.1.96, p=0.001),1.266(1.168-1.284, p=0.008) and1.446 (1.130–1.849, p=0.003) respectively. Conclusion: The present study has showed that advanced age, high NIHSS and caprini score and raised serum D-dimer levels are independent predictors of DVT in stroke patients. A further large multicenter study should be done to provide a better management to the patients of DVT in stroke patients.

NATURE OF CHANGING GENDER ROLES IN IGALA HOUSEHOLDS IN KOGI EAST SENATORIAL DISTRICT OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

The protection of the members of the household is the role of the head of the Igala household. However, many female spouses and children no longer get this protection. Such female spouses participate in or solely provide food, pay house rents, pay medical bills, etc., in addition to their female gender roles of domestic, caregiving and reproduction roles. The changing role-taking outstretch their energy, causing role strain among them. This situation attracted the researchers’ attention into examining the nature of the changing gender roles in Igala households in Kogi East Senatorial district of Kogi State, Nigeria. . A body of related literature was reviewed while liberal feminism was used to explain the phenomenon as the theory is suitable in explaining inequality in changing gender roles. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative research designs. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 268 respondents; while the 4 IDI informants and 24 discussants were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire, IDI and FGD guides and documentary search pro-former were used to gather data from the field. Findings reveal that while the authority aspect of the family protection role is minimally changing, other aspects such as security; public relation; liaison; discipline; provision and male gender role modeling are fast changing. Furthermore, the study revealed that the domestic and caregiving aspects of procreants’ roles are minimally changing as few men partake in domestic and caregiving roles whereas majority of women perform security, disciplinary and provider roles. This creates imbalance and unequal role taking. The research therefore concludes that there is inequality in changing gender roles among the Igala ethnic group of Kogi State. There is therefore, the need for the socialisation of the populace into accepting husbands sharing domestic and caregiving roles. Efforts should be made by relevant bodies to ensure that formal and informal education contents should include gender role sharing among couples to mitigate the identified challenges.

The Relationship Between Tortuosity and Stenosis of Extracranial Internal Carotid Arteries and Vertebral Arteries Based on Cerebral Digital Subtraction Angiography and Vascular Risk Factors at Pelni Hospital

Background and purpose: Vascular dysfunction is the main key to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, and the aging process causes disruption of blood vessel function. Vascular Tortuosity (VT) and stenosis are types of blood vessel deformities resulting from vascular dysfunction. Both conditions can be diagnosed through cerebral Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) examination. This study aims to analyze the relationship between tortuosity and stenosis of extracranial internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries on vascular risk factors at Pelni Hospital. Methode: This research was a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional approach on 608 subjects with a history of stroke who met the inclusion criteria. Conducted from January to September 2024, analyzing demographic data and risk factors, the presence or absence of stenosis and Vascular Tortuosity through cerebral DSA, also correlation these factors. Result: From the 608 patients, 334 (54.9%) were male and 274 (45.1%) were female. Most of the subjects were aged 41-59 years (31.1%) with the most common risk factor being hypertension (76.6%). Carotid stenosis was significantly associated with age 51-59 years [odds ratio (OR): 2.452, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.102-2.481, p=0.031)], female gender (OR): 1.665, 95% CI: 1.102-2.481, p=0.015; and hypertension (OR): 1.761, 95% CI: 1.099-2.821, p=0.019. Vertebral stenosis was significantly associated with female gender (OR): 2.160, 95% CI: 1.176-3.968, p=0.013; and diabetes (OR): 2.079, 95% CI: 1.015-4.255, p=0.045. Both stenosis conditions were significantly correlated with tortuosity conditions with OR: 2.320 for carotid, and OR: 12.090 for vertebral. Carotid tortuosity was significantly associated with diabetes (OR): 2.049, 95% CI: 1.051-4.000, p=0.035. Vertebral tortuosity was significantly associated with dyslipidemia (OR): 2.710, 95% CI: 1.099-6.711, p=0.030 and hypertension (OR): 2.079, 95% CI: 1.234-3.496, p=0.006. The combination of carotid stenosis and tortuosity was significantly associated with female gender (OR): 2.367, 95% CI: 1.378-4.066, p=0.002. The combination of stenosis and tortuosity in both arteries did not show a significant correlation with existing risk factors. Conclusion: Carotid stenosis is correlated with female gender, age, and hypertension. Vertebral stenosis is correlated with female gender and diabetes. Carotid tortuosity is correlated with diabetes. Vertebral tortuosity correlates with dyslipidemia and hypertension. The combination of carotid stenosis and tortuosity correlates with female gender. Keywords: Vascular Tortuosity, Stenosis, Cerebral Digital Subtraction Angiography

Severe Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis as the First Finding in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Incidence and Clinical Predictors.

Severe left main coronary artery (LMCA) lesions (≥50% stenosis) portend a poor prognosis and require urgent revascularization. In this study, we identified the incidence and clinical predictors of severe LMCA stenosis in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) who had undergone coronary angiography for the first time. Using a nationwide database registry, all the patients with CCS who had undergone coronary angiography were included. Patients were classified based on having severe LMCA stenosis and they were compared based on the recommended therapeutic strategy after angiography. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was developed to identify the potential predictors of a severe LMCA lesion. Among 40,161 patients with CCS, a severe LMCA lesion was detected in a total of 1556 participants (3.87% [3.69; 6.07]). The multivariable logistic regression identified age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04 [1.03;1.04]), male gender (OR:2.56 [2.28; 2.89]), dyslipidemia (OR:1.19 [1.06; 1.34]), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (OR:3.68 [1.06;12.83]) as predictors of a severe LMCA stenosis. Approximately 4% of patients with newly diagnosed CCS may suffer from severe LMCA disease. Age, male gender, dyslipidemia, and PAD are among the predicting factors of a severe LMCA stenosis and can be utilized in risk stratification of patients with CCS at greater risk of severe LMCA stenosis.

Psychological safety, Job satisfaction, and the Intention to Leave among German early-career physicians.

Healthcare systems worldwide experience shortages of healthcare professionals. Retention of physicians is becoming an increasing problem. The psychological safety among physicians affects not only performance, but also their emotional well-being and job satisfaction. This study aims to evaluate early career physicians' perception of psychological safety and its influence on job satisfaction and intention to leave. In a cross-sectional study, early career physicians, currently in fellowship programs in Germany were invited to fill in an electronic survey. The instrument consisted of demographic variables and sections from validated and well-established questionnaires. Psychological safety was evaluated on three levels - in relation to the team leader, team as a whole, and peers. Also job satisfaction was assessed with standardized measures, and participants were asked if they were considering leaving their current employer. Participants were recruited via a nationwide learning platform - an online educational portal for medical students and early career physicians. Data analyses included descriptive, correlation analysis and regression analyses to determine univariate and multivariate associations with job satisfaction and intention to leave. The study sample consisted of 432 early career physicians. Most were fulltime employed (85.6%), female (78.2%), and in first three years of their postgraduate education (77.5%). 47.2% indicated intention to leave their current employment. On a Likert-10 agreement scale, with high scores indicating grater psychological safety, the mean scores for leader related, team related and peer related psychological safety were 6.01 (95%CI=5.81 to 6.21), 7.30 (7.11 to 7.49) and 7.95 (7.78 to 8.12), respectively. In correlation analysis, all dimensions of psychological safety showed significant associations with Job Satisfaction and the Intention to Leave. In the multiple regression analyses, female gender (B=-0.10; p=0.04) and age group (B=-0.08; p<0.01) were associated with lower job satisfaction. High leader and team related psychological safety were significantly associated with higher job satisfaction (B=0.18, p<0.01; B=0.10, p<0.01), and negatively related to intention to leave (OR=0.53, p<0.01; OR=0.77, p<0.01). This survey enhances our understanding of the nuances of psychological safety among early career physicians. In Germany, they reported low to medium levels of psychological safety related to the leader and low job satisfaction. Almost every second participant indicated intention to leave the organisation. Leader related psychological safety had highest effect on job satisfaction and intention to leave. Our findings corroborate the eminent role of leadership, workplace and safety culture for job satisfaction and retention of early career physicians, what consequently affects quality and safety of healthcare.

Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Youths Living in Rural and Semi-Urban Albania in the Ongoing Nutrition Transition: Preliminary Results

Background: Albania is undergoing a demographic, epidemiological, and nutrition transition leading to an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among new generations. Comprehensive studies on the nutritional status and dietary patterns of youths in the country are still lacking. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of students (10–18 years) attending secondary schools in rural and semi-urban areas (October–November 2024). Information collected included socio-demographic data, anthropometric measurements (weight, height), and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) (KIDMED). Factors influencing dietary patterns were investigated, with a multivariate logistic regression performed to identify key drivers for poor MD adherence (AOR 95% CI). Results: In total, 426 children (47.2% females) were interviewed. Over 20% of the sample was overweight or obese, with the prevalence of these diseases decreasing with age regardless of gender. The KIDMED score highlighted suboptimal MD adherence (4.6 ± 2.5 SD), with significant differences between females and males (4.1 ± 2.4 SD vs. 5.1 ± 2.4 SD, p &lt; 0.001), especially in rural areas (3.9 ± 2.4 SD vs. 4.9 ± 2.5 SD, p = 0.003). Dietary quality tended to decline with age. Female gender was the strongest predictor of poor MD adherence (AOR 2.08 CI: 1.34–3.22; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The MD is a cornerstone for ensuring the Albanian population’s long-term health and well-being. This study holds significant public health relevance in a country with high mortality rates due to cardiovascular diseases. Future nutrition interventions focused on the poor MD adherence of new generations should take into consideration geographic, cultural, and social dimensions, including gender equality.

Migraine among King Khaled University students; prevalence, determinants, and impact on academic life.

Migraine is a common primary headache disorder that significantly affects academic life and is often associated with stress, depression, anxiety, and irregular sleep patterns among university students. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of migraine among King Khalid University (KKU) students, identify its determinants, and evaluate the impact of migraine and other headaches on academic life and performance. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 732 students from Colleges of Medicine, Pharmacy, Engineering, and Computer science. We used a self-administered questionnaire, including the ID Migraine™ screening tool, which was administered either through an online survey or face-to-face. Convenience and snowball sampling methods were adopted to recruit participants between June 1 and August 31, 2024. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] age was 21(2.0) years, 58.2% were female, 97.5% were Saudi, and 93.0% were non-smokers. The prevalence of migraine was 44.1%. The key predictors of migraine were female gender (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.78 (1.29 - 2.46), P<0.001), family history AOR = 2.39 (1.75- 3.27), P<0.001], working alongside education (AOR = 1.95 (1.19 - 3.18), P = 0.007), family debt (AOR = 1.86 (1.06 - 3.29), P=0.03), and having chronic diseases like bronchial asthma (AOR = 2.16 (1.11 - 4.20), P=0.02) and hypertension AOR = 6.23 (1.34 - 28.84), P = 0.01). Over 90% reported migraines affected concentration, sleep, and exam preparation, and 65% indicated an impact on university attendance. Migraines are highly prevalent among KKU students, affecting academic daily life. Early detection and lifestyle changes are essential, and universities should plan and implement coping strategies to support affected students.

Factors related to cough strength before tracheal extubation in post-cardiac surgery patients: A cross-sectional study.

Tracheal extubation failure after cardiac surgery is associated with diminished cough strength, albeit the information on cough strength in post-cardiac surgery patients is limited. To investigate the cough strength in patients after cardiac surgery before tracheal extubation and the related influencing factors. A cross-sectional study was designed, with adherence to the STROBE guidelines. The participants were 528 patients undergoing open-heart cardiac surgery who were admitted to the Cardio Surgical Centre in a tertiary hospital in Nanjing, China, from August 2022 to September 2023. Cough peak flow (CPF) ≤60 L/min set as the cut-off value for evaluating diminished cough strength before tracheal extubation. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyse the related influencing factors. The mean CPF was 130.70 ± 50.58 L/min. A total of 76 (14.4%) patients exhibited a CPF of ≤60 L/min. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that gender (B = 14.266, t = 2.456, p = .014), inspiratory capacity (IC) (B = 0.013, t = 3.755, p < .001), preoperative CPF (B = 0.086, t = 3.903, p < .001), muscle strength (B = 12.423, t = 4.242, p < .001), preoperative exercise regimen (B = 16.716, t = 4.236, p < .001) and pain levels (B = -8.115, t = -5.794, p < .001) significantly contributed to cough strength. Female gender, lower upper limb muscle strength, higher pain levels, lower preoperative CPF and IC, and the absence of systematic exercise were found to be associated with diminished cough strength. Cough strength provides important auxiliary data in extubation decision-making. In addition, understanding its relevant factors can help identify the high-risk group of tracheal extubation failure and can help provide a strong theoretical basis for the development of personalized interventions.

Assessment of MPOX infection-related knowledge levels, concerns, and associated factors: a community-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundMPOX (Monkeypox) is a zoonotic disease of increasing global concern due to its re-emergence and potential for human-to-human transmission. Effective public health interventions rely on understanding socio-demographic determinants of knowledge and perceptions of the disease. This study aimed to investigate MPOX-related knowledge and concerns among a diverse sample in Türkiye, identifying key factors influencing knowledge levels.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 509 participants aged 18–73 years (mean age: 33.8 ± 15.6) in all settlements of Türkiye. Socio-demographic data were collected, and MPOX knowledge and concerns were assessed using a structured data form. To assess knowledge levels regarding MPOX, 15 questions were defined with 1 point given for each correct answer, and these questions were then categorized as high knowledge (≥ 10 correct answers) and low knowledge (< 10 correct answers). Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with knowledge levels. Trust and reliance on information sources were also evaluated. The data form was distributed to participants via social media platforms.ResultsThe majority of participants (97.1%) were aware of MPOX, but only 6.5% believed adequate precautions were in place. The mean knowledge score was 7.6 ± 3.7, with 37.7% demonstrating high knowledge. In terms of concerns about MPOX, only 31.6% of participants were identified as concerned, whereas the majority (68.4%) of the participants reported no significant concerns. The most trusted source of information about MPOX among the participants was medical doctors and healthcare professionals, as indicated by 53.63% of respondents. Low knowledge was significantly associated with older age (p = 0.015), female gender (p = 0.002), lower education levels (p < 0.001), non-medical fields (p < 0.001), and lower income (p < 0.001). Social media (53.11%) was the most common information source, yet healthcare professionals (53.63%) were the most trusted. Multivariable logistic regression confirmed that being in non-medical fields (OR = 2.858, 95% CI: 1.809–4.515, p < 0.001), lower income (OR = 3.141, 95% CI: 2.015–4.896, p < 0.001), and perceived low immunity (OR = 2.264, 95% CI: 1.350–3.797, p = 0.002) independently predicted lower knowledge.ConclusionsDespite high awareness, significant gaps in MPOX knowledge exist, particularly among older adults, females, non-medical professionals, and those with low income. Public health strategies should prioritize these groups, leveraging trusted sources like healthcare professionals while improving the reliability of digital information platforms.

Hospitalization for carbon monoxide poisoning is associated with substance use and mood disorders.

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning continues to result in hospitalization and mortality. We sought to analyze risk factors associated with inpatient admission for CO poisoning. Retrospective study of the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. All adults with ICD-10 code for CO poisoning from 01/01/2016 to 12/31/2020 were identified. Demographics, co-morbid conditions, insurance type, household income, length of stay (LOS), total charges, and mortality were abstracted. Univariable logistic regression was used to calculate unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) for CO poisoning admissions. Variables with p-value ≤ 0.2 were included in a multivariable logistic regression model. Of 148,767,786 total hospitalizations, 14,625 had a principal diagnosis of CO poisoning. Compared to non-CO hospitalizations, the CO group was younger (median age 54 vs 61years; p < 0.001), included more males (61.1 vs 42.7%; p < 0.001), and higher in-hospital mortality (4.0 vs 2.4%; p < 0.001). Although LOS was similar (3 vs 3; p = NS), the CO group had lower median hospital charges ($24,368 vs $ 32,667; p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, male sex (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.83-2.15), alcohol use disorder (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.71-2.10), cannabis use disorder (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.09-1.47), mood disorders (OR 2.65; 95% CI 2.44-2.88), and suicide ideation (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.50-2.02) were independently associated with hospitalization. In this 5-year analysis, cannabis use, mood disorders, and suicidality were significant risk factors for CO-related hospitalization in addition to previously known risks of alcohol use and male gender. Since mood and substance use disorders are increasing globally, these modifiable risk factors deserve priority attention from clinicians and policymakers.

WHOQOL-BREF in Measuring Quality of Life Among Sickle Cell Disease Patients with Leg Ulcers

Sickle cell disease (SCD) presents complex clinical manifestations influenced by genetic, social, environmental, and healthcare access factors as well as socioeconomic status. In this context, sickle cell leg ulcers (SLUs) are a debilitating complication of SCD. We aimed to describe sociodemographic data and evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of SCD patients with and without SLUs. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 13 SCD patients with SLUs and 42 without LUs. Clinical data were obtained by reviewing the medical records, and QoL was assessed with the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Our cohort of patients had a mean age of 34.9 years, with 52.8% male, 52.8% identifying as black, and 41.7% identifying as brown. Most had low income, incomplete education, and high unemployment rates. The social habits and relationships of SCD patients showed varying levels of friendship and family closeness, and the majority of SLU+ patients did not practice sports. We failed to find statistical differences in the WHOQOL-BREF domains between SLU+ and SLU− patients. However, higher income and employment status were associated with improved WHOQOL-BREF domain scores in SCD patients, while vaso-occlusive episodes and female gender were linked to lower scores. Our data reinforce the sociodemographic characteristics of SCD. The physical domain was associated with income, occupation, and vaso-occlusion. The psychological domain was associated with income and occupation. The social relationship domain was associated with occupation and female gender. The environmental domain was associated with vaso-occlusion. The WHOQOL-BREF is a reliable tool to measure QoL in SCD.

The Development and Initial Validation of the REST Questionnaire: A Multidimensional Tool for Assessing Fatigue in Individuals with and Without a History of Cancer

Background: Fatigue is a prevalent and complex condition with significant impacts on well-being. Existing fatigue assessments often lack comprehensiveness or practicality for general population studies. Methods: This study validated the REST Questionnaire, a novel fatigue assessment tool, in a sample of 268 adults. Psychometric properties, including internal consistency and construct validity, were evaluated. REST scores were correlated with WHO-5 well-being, BMI, self-rated health, and chronic conditions. Exploratory factor analysis identified underlying dimensions of fatigue. Results: The REST Questionnaire demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.918) and construct validity. Higher fatigue scores were associated with lower well-being, female gender, and the presence of certain chronic conditions (cancer, kidney stones, gastric ulcers). Two distinct fatigue dimensions, “physical fatigue and functional impacts” and “emotional and social consequences”, were identified. Conclusions: The REST Questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for assessing fatigue in the general population. Its multidimensional framework and sensitivity to comorbidities offer valuable insights for research and public health applications, with the potential to inform targeted interventions aimed at improving well-being.

Risk factors for developing osteoporosis in diabetic kidney disease and its correlation with calcium-phosphorus metabolism, FGF23, and Klotho.

The progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects the patient's kidney glomeruli and tubules, whose normal functioning is essential for maintaining normal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) metabolism in the body. The risk of developing osteoporosis (OP) in patients with DKD increases with the aggravation of the disease, including a higher risk of fractures, which not only affects the quality of life of patients but also increases the risk of death. To analyze the risk factors for the development of OP in patients with DKD and their correlation with Ca-P metabolic indices, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and Klotho. One hundred and fifty-eight patients with DKD who were admitted into the Wuhu Second People's Hospital from September 2019 to May 2021 were selected and divided into an OP group (n = 103) and a normal bone mass group (n = 55) according to their X-ray bone densitometry results. Baseline data and differences in Ca-P biochemical indices, FGF23, and Klotho were compared. The correlation of Ca-P metabolic indices with FGF23 and Klotho was discussed, and the related factors affecting OP in patients with DKD were examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The OP group had a higher proportion of females, an older age, and a longer diabetes mellitus duration than the normal group (all P < 0.05). Patients in the OP group exhibited significantly higher levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), blood P, Ca-P product (Ca × P), fractional excretion of phosphate (FeP), and FGF23, as well as lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, blood Ca, 24-hour urinary phosphate excretion (24-hour UPE), and Klotho levels (all P < 0.05). In the OP group, 25-(OH)-D3, blood Ca, and 24-hour UPE were negatively correlated with FGF23 and positively correlated with Klotho. In contrast, iPTH, blood Ca, Ca × P, and FeP exhibited a positive correlation with FGF23 and an inverse association with Klotho (all P < 0.05). Moreover, 25-(OH)-D3, iPTH, blood Ca, FePO4, FGF23, Klotho, age, and female gender were key factors that affected the lumbar and left femoral neck bone mineral density. The Ca-P metabolism metabolic indexes, FGF23, and Klotho in patients with DKD are closely related to the occurrence and development of OP.

Length of Hospital Stay and Its Predictions Among Patients With Exacerbations of Chronic Respiratory Diseases.

Chronic respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may deteriorate into acute exacerbations requiring hospitalization. Assessing the predictors of prolonged hospital stays could help identify potential interventions to reduce the burden on patients and healthcare systems. This study aimed to identify the risk factors attributed to prolonged hospital stays among patients admitted with acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory disorders in Jordan. A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing the demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with asthma and COPD exacerbations between January 2017 and July 2021. The recorded variables were checked for their independence. Simple and stepwise multivariate linear regressions were then performed to identify variables associated significantly with a longer hospital length of stay (LOS). A total of 896 cases were evaluated. The mean ± SD stay was 5.66 ± 3.40 days, whereas the median (IQR) was 5.00 (4.00) days. Variables associated significantly with prolonged LOS in the multivariate analysis were female gender (β = 0.089, p = 0.011), pulmonary hypertension (β = 0.093, p = 0.004), allergic rhinitis (β = 0.086, p = 0.007), ICU admission (β = 0.096, p = 0.003), requirement for mechanical ventilation (β = 0.102, p = 0.002), higher total number of medications (β = 0.281, p < 0.001) and the number of exacerbation-related medications (β = 0.200, p < 0.001). However, smoking (β = -0.091, p = 0.008) was significantly associated with a shorter LOS. Gender, pulmonary hypertension, allergic rhinitis, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, the number of medications and smoking were significantly related to LOS. These findings emphasize the importance of patients' demographics and their clinical status in determining LOS, hence providing protective interventions to shorten it.

Mental Health and the Intersection of Perceived Discrimination and Social Inequalities Among Students in Germany – a Quantitative Intersectional Study

ObjectivesDiscrimination poses a threat to the mental health of university students, especially those affected by social inequality, yet understanding its intersectional impact remains limited. This study examines the intersection of social inequalities with perceived discrimination to explore differences in mental health among students in Germany.MethodsData from the cross-sectional project “Survey on study conditions and mental health of university students” (n = 14,592) were analysed using Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA). Depressive symptoms, cognitive stress symptoms, and exhaustion were examined across 48 intersectional strata based on gender, first academic generation, family care tasks, and perceived discrimination.ResultsThe MAIHDA analysis revealed substantial between strata variance, with most of it explained by additive rather than intersectional interaction effects. Perceived discrimination, diverse or female gender, first academic generation, and family care tasks (for exhaustion only) were associated with worse mental health outcomes.ConclusionThe profound associations between perceived discrimination and the mental health among university students call for urgent attention and intervention within university settings. Adopting an intersectional lens is key to identifying and addressing inequalities.

Smoking Among Healthcare Professionals in Australia: A Scoping Review

Studies showed healthcare professionals who are non-smokers are more likely to deliver smoking cessation advice to their patients than those who are smokers. However, healthcare professionals continue to smoke across the globe. This scoping review assessed the available data on the prevalence and predictors of smoking among healthcare professionals in Australia. Following the PRISMA extension for the Scoping Review checklist, a systematic literature search was conducted on CINAHL, MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library in August 2024. Articles published between 1990 and 2024 were considered, and finally, 26 papers met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Australian healthcare professionals showed varying smoking prevalence. For physicians, it was 10.2% in 1990 to 7.4% in 2013; among dentists, 6% in 1993 to 4.9% in 2004; and among nurses, 21.7% in 1991 and 10.3% during 2014–15. The highest smoking rates were observed among Aboriginal health workers (AHWs): 63.6% in 1995 to 24.6% in 2021. Age was a positive predictor for smoking among nurses, and so was male gender among dentists, physicians, and nurses; other predictors included area of specialty, lower emotional wellbeing, etc. This review highlighted a declining trend in smoking among healthcare professionals in Australia; however, it was not proportionate among the different health specialties.

Correlation of internet addiction with medical students’ wellbeing: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Background: Internet use is increasing day by day globally and in India, leading to increased problematic use of the Internet, particularly in the younger generation. Medical students are vulnerable to problematic Internet use or Internet addiction (IA) for various reasons. IA can have implications for the psychological well-being of medical students. Aim: To study the IA pattern and well-being among medical students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 172 undergraduate medical students of Rural Medical College, PIMS, DU. The students were assessed through a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic details, information about Internet use, the Internet Addiction Test scale by Kimberly Young for assessing IA, and the Medical Student’s Well-being Index by Liselotte Dyrbye to assess medical student’s well-being. Results: Out of 172 students, 73 (42.44%) medical students had IA; of these, 58 (33.72%) had mild IA, 38 (22.09%) had moderate IA, and 3 (1.74%) had severe IA. IA was associated significantly with the age of the students (P = 0.000), male gender (P = 0.0001), and being from a joint family (P = 0.004). There was no significant correlation between IA and well-being among medical students. Conclusion: The study found a high proportion of medical students to be suffering from IA. However, impaired psychological well-being was not associated with IA. This finding stressed that the relationship between IA and psychological well-being is not so straightforward and needs further exploration as to whether overuse of the Internet in some particular inflexible manner is causing psychological impairment. This study can prove an important milestone for such further studies.